Effects of the Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the Proliferation and Morphological Characteristics of Human Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) in Culture

Ultrastructural characteristic and morphological changes of untreated and treated breast cancer MCF-7 cells were observed by energy-filtered transmission electron microscope (EFTEM). Morphological observation of MCF-7 after being treated with 13 nm, 50 nm, and 70 nm AuNPs, were looking unhealthy and dying out of the populace, the observed cells were more reduced and dying as treatment with 50 nm and 70 nm AuNPs. Cells detachment, clumping, shrunken, and dispersed cells in the culture medium and floating cells were also observed. The observed morphological changes increase in 50 nm and 70 nm AuNPs than in 13 nm AuNPs, which is less toxic to MCF-7 cells. The presented morphological analysis has established that 13 nm AuNPs showed less toxic to MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Whereas, control cells of MCF-7 were treated with only complete culture media, despite the duration of treatment, whereby the cells maintained most of their morphological features and observed to have a typical morphology of healthy cells that are well attached to the surface. These results indicate that AuNPs were clustered in the cells and there was no significant difference between images of different sizes of AuNPs observed in the cells, because the AuNPs always clustered together inside the cells.