Preparation a Scrap of the Electronic Enterprises and its Subsequent Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
D.V. Shmidt ◽  
Bashar Issa ◽  
V.Yu. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nickel Zinc ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Electrical Devices ◽  
Modern Technologies

The processing conditions of the of electronic wastes are largely dependent on environmental standards and requirements. Modern technologies for processing electronic waste should meet the increased demand for metals as well as the requirements. Electronic wastes can be classified as hazardous materials, as household and industrial electrical devices, which contain components such as batteries, capacitors, cathode ray tubes, etc. Electronic waste can consist of a large number of components of various sizes, shapes and chemical composition. Some of them contain hazardous metals, including mercury, lead, cadmium. The presence of precious metals in electronic waste such as gold, silver, platinum, palladium, as well as non-ferrous metals (copper, nickel, zinc, tin, etc.) make it attractive for processing. In industry, both hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods are used to extract valuable metals from electronic waste. Applied technologies may have both advantages and disadvantages.

Electronic Waste

2020 ◽  
pp. 82-97
Author(s):  
Moonisa A. Dervash ◽  
Syed Maqbool Geelani ◽  
Rouf Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Dig Vijay Singh ◽  
Akhlaq Amin Wani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Valuable Metals

Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the swift waste streams and comprises of end of life electronic products. The Western countries as alternative destinations for disposal ship the wastes to underdeveloped and developing countries where labor cost is reasonably meager and environmental laws are feebly implemented. When not recycled, the e-waste is either incinerated or landfilled. These methods involve not only wasting valuable metals but also creating potential risk for the environment. These substances are detrimental to nervous system, kidneys, bones, reproductive system, and endocrine system, and some of them are even carcinogenic and neurotoxic. Thus, extensive research is needed to evolve sophisticated technology which may help to curb environmental pollution and contribute towards sustainable development in terms of recycling of precious metals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts of Electronic-Waste Management in Lagos Using Alaba International Market and Ikeja Computer Village as Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-297
Author(s):  
R. Alani ◽  
A. Ogunbanmwo ◽  
D. Nwude ◽  
M. Ogbaje
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
International Market ◽  
Platinum Group Metals ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Waste Dumps ◽  
Gold Silver

The main aim of this research was to assess the extent of the problems associated with inappropriate e-waste management and recycling practices. Electronic wastes (E-wastes) are generated from products that are designed for use with a maximum voltage of 1000 volts for alternating current and 1500 volts for direct current. These wastes contain hazardous materials such as lead, mercury, cadmium, brominated flame-retardants, valuable metals such as aluminium, nickel, copper, and certain precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum group metals (PGMs) which pose both human and environmental health threats. They have negative impacts on the health of workers and nearby residents; hence, residents of buildings located around and beside e-wastes dumpsites were randomly selected for this study. Well, run-off and borehole water samples as well as soil samples from different sites in Alaba international market, and Ikeja computer village in Lagos, Nigeria were analyzed for zinc, lead, iron, copper, nickel and chromium. Using additional information from questionnaires and interviews, impacts of e-waste dumps on the health of workers and residents near the study areas were investigated. The results were analysed using descriptive frequency count and tables which confirmed the presence of heavy metals in soils and water samples of the case study areas and hence appropriate recommendations were outlined to address the menace of e-waste disposal and as well as the need for improvement in e-waste management and recycling for economic opportunities and improved health standard within the Lagos Metropolis.

scholarly journals Recovery of base and precious metals from PCBs (Printed Circuit Boards) in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-011
Author(s):  
Yete Pélagie ◽  
Togbe FC Alexis ◽  
Yovo Franck ◽  
Suanon Fidèle ◽  
Sidohounde Assou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Natural minerals are a powerful tool in politics when some have a major role in production. Its depletion is now a hot topic worldwide. Thus, the safety of the environment, natural surface water, groundwater and the protection of soils from chronic contamination by metallic and inorganic elements is a global concern. Indeed, industrialization and development have led to the generation of huge and varied amounts of waste, including electronic waste (e-waste), which is released into the environment. Although e-waste is classified as hazardous, most of it is not recycled and developed countries with strict environmental protection legislation send most of their e-waste to developing countries where regulations are lax. These electronic devices and components after being used are simply dumped into the environment due to lack of treatment and recycling strategy. As a result, they become a threat to the environment, ecosystems and humans. African countries are among the most vulnerable nations. But they are unfortunately ignored and underestimated. To date, there is no e-waste recycling unit (factory) in most African countries and mainly in the Republic of Benin. In response to this challenge, this study explored the different techniques used for the recycling of waste electrical/electronic equipment in order to develop a new environmentally friendly approach in future work, for the extraction and recycling of the usual and valuable metallic elements contained in electronic waste (printed circuit boards) released into the environment. For this purpose, a bibliographic research was carried out from 20 April to 16 October 2021. The results obtained allowed us to identify the advantages and disadvantages of existing recycling methods.

scholarly journals Precious Metal Distributions Between Copper Matte and Slag at High $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ in WEEE Reprocessing

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 871-882
Author(s):  
Min Chen ◽  
Katri Avarmaa ◽  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Hugh O’Brien ◽  
Junjie Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Matte Grade ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Copper Matte ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Ar Gas

AbstractThe distributions of precious metals (gold, silver, platinum, and palladium) between copper matte and silica-saturated FeOx-SiO2/FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3/FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3-CaO slags were investigated at 1300 °C and $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 = 0.5 atm. The experiments were carried out in silica crucibles under flowing CO-CO2-SO2-Ar gas atmosphere. The concentrations of precious metals in matte and slag were analyzed by Electron Probe X-ray Microanalysis and Laser Ablation-High-Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry, respectively. The precious metal concentrations in matte and slag, as well as the distribution coefficients of precious metals between matte and slag, were displayed as a function of matte grade. The present results obtained at $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 of 0.5 atm were compared with previous results at $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 of 0.1 atm for revealing the effects of $$ P_{{{\text{SO}}_{ 2} }} $$ P SO 2 and selected slag modifiers (CaO and Al2O3) on precious metal distributions at copper matte smelting conditions. The present results also contribute experimental thermodynamic data of precious metal distributions in pyrometallurgical reprocessing of electronic waste via copper smelting processes.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical cleaning of gold-containing cathode deposits from heavy non-ferrous metal impurities

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1136
Author(s):  
Viktoria Zhmurova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Gold Silver ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals

The purpose of this paper is to conduct the research on hydrochloric acid cleaning of gold-containing cathode deposits from the impurities of heavy non-ferrous metals and mathematical processing of the experimental data obtained by the method of dispersion analysis. The atomic absorption method is used to study the chemical composition of the cathode deposits. The method of dispersion analysis is used to process experimental data. The composition of cathode deposit impurities is studied using x-ray spectral microanalysis. The study of the chemical composition of cathode deposits has shown that their main components are gold, silver, copper, lead, as well as non-metallic impurity compounds (CaO, SiO2, etc.). It is found that the optimal concentration of hydrochloric acid for cleaning gold-containing cathode deposits from heavy non-ferrous metals is 371 kg/m3; the degree of copper transition to solution is 69.06%, lead - 93.9%. The calculation of the expected mass fraction of precious metals in the alloyed gold demonstrates an increase in the mass fraction of gold by 14.08%, silver - by 17.46%. The study of the chemical composition of cathode deposits has also revealed that the main impurities that affect their subsequent processing are copper and lead. The latter fall into the ingot of alloyed gold, which is the target product of gold-bearing ore processing and complicate subsequent refining. The dispersion analysis of experimental data shows that solvent concentration significantly affects the transition degree of heavy non-ferrous metals to the solution starting from the value of 20.1 kg/m3. It is shown that the proposed method allows to increase the content of precious metals in the alloyed gold by 31.54%, as well as to perform maximum transition of copper and lead to the solution. The use of acid leaching of impurities from cathode deposits obtained by cyanide-sorption technology is one of the promising directions for improving the quality of gold-containing alloys and hence the reduction of the cost of refining services.

scholarly journals RESEARCHING OF INFLUENCE OF TUNGSTEN, SILICON AND IMPURITIES OXIDATION ON ELECTROLYTIC DISSOLUTION OF CU-ZN AND FE-NI-CO ANODES

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
T. A. ALEXANDROVA ◽  
D. V. GORLENKOV ◽  
N. A. ROMANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Modern Technologies

The conditions for the recycling of electronic equipment are an urgent task and highly dependent on environmental regulations and requirements. Modern technologies of recycling of electronic waste need to meet the increasing demand for metals and meet the requirements. Extraction of precious and non-ferrous metals from waste microelectronics is more beneficial than obtaining them from their ores. The development of an integrated waste recycling technology of microelectronics requires a thorough and comprehensive approach. Compositions of the concentrates and anodes are presented in the article. The compositions of the anodes were analyzed on X-ray fluorescence spectrometer Lab Center XRF-1800. Measurements were conducted of the potentials of the anodes of different composition and in different electrolytes. The role of the oxidant impurities that affected to progress of electrolytic dissolution was defined. It is concluded that silicon can be used as an impurity, which can be used to regulate and control the process of electrochemical dissolution. The addition of silicon during melting of anodes allows to avoid the process of passivation of the alloy in sulfuric acid electrolyte. Tungsten can be a collector for gold. The oxidation of tungsten is a necessary condition for reducing the loss of gold.

Environmentally Benign Solution for Recycling Electronic Waste Using the Principles of Green Chemistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Yu Xin Song ◽  
Bi Qin Chen ◽  
Megan Harney ◽  
Michael B. Korzenski
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Recycling Industry ◽  
Process Chemistry ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Electronic Waste Recycling

In electronic waste recycling industry, printed wire boards (PWBs)/integrated chips (ICs) recycling is one of the most challenge tasks due to the fact that PWBs/ICs are diverse and complex in terms of materials and components makeup,as well as the original equipment manufacturing processes. In this paper, we will present environmental benign solution to recover valuable metals from PWB and integrated circuit chips (ICs) dissembled from waste PWB, based on green chemistry methodologies. We will demonstrate that the process/chemistry can selectively separate and recover precious metals from base metals. The 95%-99% recovery rate of precious metals can be achieved from the recycling of PWB and integrated circuit chips.

Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis by Green Chemistry

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 4287-4294
Author(s):  
Anikate Sood ◽  
Shweta Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticle ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Gold Silver

Nanotechnology is the most sought field in biomedical research. Metallic nanoparticles have wide applications in the medical field and have gained the attention of various researchers for advanced research for their application in pharmaceutical field. A variety of metallic nanoparticles like gold, silver, platinum, palladium, copper and zinc have been developed so far. There are different methods to synthesize metallic nanoparticles like chemical, physical, and green synthesis methods. Chemical and physical approaches suffer from certain drawbacks whereas green synthesis is emerging as a nontoxic and eco-friendly approach in production of metallic nanoparticles. Green synthesis is further divided into different approaches like synthesis via bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants. These approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we have described various metallic nanoparticles, different modes of green synthesis and brief description about different metabolites present in plant that act as reducing agents in green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. 

scholarly journals Advancements in Assessments of Bio-Tissue Engineering and Viable Cell Delivery Matrices Using Bile Acid-Based Pharmacological Biotechnologies

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Armin Mooranian ◽  
Melissa Jones ◽  
Corina Mihaela Ionescu ◽  
Daniel Walker ◽  
Susbin Raj Wagle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Artificial Organ ◽  
Bioartificial Pancreas ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bioartificial Organs ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Modern Technologies

The utilisation of bioartificial organs is of significant interest to many due to their versatility in treating a wide range of disorders. Microencapsulation has a potentially significant role in such organs. In order to utilise microcapsules, accurate characterisation and analysis is required to assess their properties and suitability. Bioartificial organs or transplantable microdevices must also account for immunogenic considerations, which will be discussed in detail. One of the most characterized cases is the investigation into a bioartificial pancreas, including using microencapsulation of islets or other cells, and will be the focus subject of this review. Overall, this review will discuss the traditional and modern technologies which are necessary for the characterisation of properties for transplantable microdevices or organs, summarizing analysis of the microcapsule itself, cells and finally a working organ. Furthermore, immunogenic considerations of such organs are another important aspect which is addressed within this review. The various techniques, methodologies, advantages, and disadvantages will all be discussed. Hence, the purpose of this review is providing an updated examination of all processes for the analysis of a working, biocompatible artificial organ.

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