Design and Implementation of a Marine Animal Alert System to Support Marine Renewable Energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deng Z. Daniel ◽  
Carlson Thomas J. ◽  
Fu Tao ◽  
Ren Huiying ◽  
Martinez Jayson J. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
System Development ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Alert System ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Tidal Turbines ◽  
Primary Means

AbstractPower extracted from fast-moving tidal currents has been identified as a potential commercial-scale source of renewable energy. Marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) device developers and utilities are pursuing deployment of prototype tidal turbines to assess technology viability, site feasibility, and environmental interactions. Deployment of prototype turbines requires environmental review and permits from a range of regulatory authorities. Ensuring the safety of marine animals, particularly those under protection of the Endangered Species Act of 1973 and the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, has emerged as a key regulatory challenge for initial MHK deployments. The greatest perceived risk to marine animals is from strike by the rotating blades of tidal turbines. Development of the marine animal alert system (MAAS) was undertaken to support monitoring and mitigation requirements for tidal turbine deployments. The prototype system development focused on the Southern Resident killer whale (SRKW), an endangered population that frequents Puget Sound, Washington, and is seasonally present in the part of the sound where deployment of prototype tidal turbines is being considered. Passive acoustics were selected as the primary means to detect the SRKWs because of the vocal nature of these animals. The MAAS passive acoustic system consists of a two-stage process involving the use of an energy detector and a spectrogram-based classifier to distinguish between SKRW calls and background noise. A prototype consisting of two 2D symmetrical star arrays separated by 20 m center to center was built and evaluated successfully in the waters of Sequim Bay, Washington, using whale-call playback.

Rancang Bangun E-Learning Pronounciation Bahasa Inggris STKIP Setiabudhi Rangkasbitung Berbasis Web

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dentik Karyaningsih ◽  
Puji Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Education ◽  
System Development ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Education Study ◽  
English Pronunciation ◽  
E Learning

Lecture courses in the English Language Education Study Program of STKIP Setiabudhi Rangkasbitung are still conducted in face-to-face class, so the students who do not attend lectures cannot know the pronunciation material at that time, because the Pronunciation course is a practical course in the English pronunciation system. The E-Learning Pronunciation is built so that lectures can be carried out anywhere and anytime without reducing the quality of the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the students who are left behind can continue to follow the Pronunciation course material, as well as habituating students in utilizing communication and information technology. E-Learning Pronunciation is important to be built to improve the ability of students’ pronunciation when doing distance learning, so that students are clearer and more firm in understanding Pronunciation so that there are no errors in English pronunciation. Participants in this study were first semester students of English education study programs. This study uses an experimental research design with the Prototype System development method and system of testing uses Black box testing.

Coupling of Power and Heating Sector – Opportunity for Heating Sector Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Armands Grāvelsiņš
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
System Development ◽  
Heating System ◽  
System Dynamics Model ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Energy Share

European Union has set ambitious decarbonization goals under Green Deal, therefore, Latvia needs to search for solutions on how to move towards reaching the said goals. Although renewable energy share in Latvia is one of the highest among the European Union countries, it is mostly due to historic heritage, not as the result of implementing meaningful policies. Essential high renewable energy share in power sector comes from three large hydroelectric stations on Daugava, which is heritage from the Soviet Union times. Steady increase in renewable energy share can be observed in District Heating, however it is based on increased utilization of biomass, and that most likely is not a sustainable solution. Considering that bioeconomy will experience significant growth in the future, utilization of wood resource for production of products with low added value will steadily phase out. For energy sector it means the necessity to look for other alternatives to replace fossil fuels. If in other European countries (Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Lithuania, Estonia, et al.) solar and wind technology capacity have significantly increased over last decade, in Latvia this increase is negligible. Only in the last few years significant increase in installed solar capacities can be observed, but total capacity is still low. Latvia needs to seek solutions on how to increase the introduction rate of renewable energy technologies in order to move towards carbon neutrality in 2050. The aim of the Thesis is to develop a comprehensive system dynamics model which can be used to analyze energy sector at both national and local scale. It should include both heating and power sectors and be able to evaluate the possibility of sector coupling and its influence on the total system. Specific objectives are set to reach the aim: to develop a system dynamics model structure for heating system development; to analyze the heating system at local and national scale; to assess the importance of power sector flexibility on system development; to implement the elements of sector coupling in energy system; to analyze sector coupling as a flexibility increase measure for national scale and local systems.

Biotic and Abiotic Controls on the Phanerozoic History of Marine Animal Biodiversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Bush ◽  
Jonathan L. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Marine Animal ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Marine Habitat ◽  
Positive Feedbacks ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Time Changes

During the past 541 million years, marine animals underwent three intervals of diversification (early Cambrian, Ordovician, Cretaceous–Cenozoic) separated by nondirectional fluctuation, suggesting diversity-dependent dynamics with the equilibrium diversity shifting through time. Changes in factors such as shallow-marine habitat area and climate appear to have modulated the nondirectional fluctuations. Directional increases in diversity are best explained by evolutionary innovations in marine animals and primary producers coupled with stepwise increases in the availability of food and oxygen. Increasing intensity of biotic interactions such as predation and disturbance may have led to positive feedbacks on diversification as ecosystems became more complex. Important areas for further research include improving the geographic coverage and temporal resolution of paleontological data sets, as well as deepening our understanding of Earth system evolution and the physiological and ecological traits that modulated organismal responses to environmental change. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Volume 52 is November 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

A French Application Case of Tidal Turbine Certification

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Paboeuf ◽  
Laura-Mae Macadré ◽  
Pascal Yen Kai Sun
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Support Structure ◽  
Design Assessment ◽  
Certification Scheme ◽  
Tidal Turbines ◽  
Marine Energy ◽  
Certification Procedure ◽  
Tidal Turbine

Tidal turbines are emerging technologies offering great potential for the harnessing of a renewable and predictable oceanic resource. However, exploitation at sea comes with significant design, installation, grid connection, and maintenance operations challenges. Consequently, guidelines and standards are required to ensure safety, quality, performance and accelerate tidal turbines development and commercialisation. Standardisation is also a necessity to support and improve safety and confidence of a wide range of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) stakeholders such as designers, project operators, investors, insurers or final users. There are undergoing developments on guidelines, standards and certification systems within the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee TC 114 “Marine energy - Wave, tidal and other water current converters” and the IEC Renewable Energy “Marine Energy - Operational Management Committee” (IECRE ME – OMC). However, as the tidal energy concepts are only at the demonstration stage, only few guidelines and no dedicated certification scheme has been published so far within this organization, which guarantee an international, independent, non-governmental and consensus-based elaboration process. The aim of this paper is to present a proposal of certification methodology, developed by Bureau Veritas for the design assessment of current and tidal turbines, and its application to a French case study. This certification procedure was developed within the French research project Sabella D10 funded by ADEME and is published in the Bureau Veritas guideline NI603 “Current & Tidal Turbines”. The suggested certification procedure addresses prototype, component, type and project certification. Main objective, scope, intermediary steps to be completed and resulting certificates will be detailed for each certification scheme, as well as their interactions. This methodology will be illustrated by the case study on the Sabella D10 prototype, a French tidal turbine installed in 2015 in the Fromveur Passage, off Ushant Island. Sabella D10 is a 1 MW tidal turbine fully submerged laid on the seabed with a horizontal axis and 6 blades. It is the first French tidal turbine producing electricity and connected to the electrical network. The Sabella D10 case study will focus on prototype certification and computations performed for support structure and blades. The paper will describe the load cases that have been considered, the review procedure for the support structure and the blades design assessment, including description of a streamlined method for basic design and a detailed method for final design. In conclusion, the next steps will be introduced to continue the certification developments of tidal and current turbines.

scholarly journals Passive acoustic methods for tracking the 3D movements of small cetaceans around marine structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Gillespie ◽  
Laura Palmer ◽  
Jamie Macaulay ◽  
Carol Sparling ◽  
Gordon Hastie
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tidal Energy ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Tidal Turbines ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tidal Turbine ◽  
Passive Acoustic

AbstractA wide range of anthropogenic structures exist in the marine environment with the extent of these set to increase as the global offshore renewable energy industry grows. Many of these pose acute risks to marine wildlife; for example, tidal energy generators have the potential to injure or kill seals and small cetaceans through collisions with moving turbine parts. Information on fine scale behaviour of animals close to operational turbines is required to understand the likely impact of these new technologies. There are inherent challenges associated with measuring the underwater movements of marine animals which have, so far, limited data collection. Here, we describe the development and application of a system for monitoring the three-dimensional movements of cetaceans in the immediate vicinity of a subsea structure. The system comprises twelve hydrophones and software for the detection and localisation of vocal marine mammals. We present data demonstrating the systems practical performance during a deployment on an operational tidal turbine between October 2017 and October 2019. Three-dimensional locations of cetaceans were derived from the passive acoustic data using time of arrival differences on each hydrophone. Localisation accuracy was assessed with an artificial sound source at known locations and a refined method of error estimation is presented. Calibration trials show that the system can accurately localise sounds to 2m accuracy within 20m of the turbine but that localisations become highly inaccurate at distances greater than 35m. The system is currently being used to provide data on rates of encounters between cetaceans and the turbine and to provide high resolution tracking data for animals close to the turbine. These data can be used to inform stakeholders and regulators on the likely impact of tidal turbines on cetaceans.

scholarly journals Potential Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development—The State of the Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Copping ◽  
Lenaïg G. Hemery ◽  
Dorian M. Overhus ◽  
Lysel Garavelli ◽  
Mikaela C. Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Underwater Noise ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Marine Renewable Energy

Marine renewable energy (MRE) harnesses energy from the ocean and provides a low-carbon sustainable energy source for national grids and remote uses. The international MRE industry is in the early stages of development, focused largely on tidal and riverine turbines, and wave energy converters (WECs), to harness energy from tides, rivers, and waves, respectively. Although MRE supports climate change mitigation, there are concerns that MRE devices and systems could affect portions of the marine and river environments. The greatest concern for tidal and river turbines is the potential for animals to be injured or killed by collision with rotating blades. Other risks associated with MRE device operation include the potential for turbines and WECs to cause disruption from underwater noise emissions, generation of electromagnetic fields, changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, changes in oceanographic processes, and entanglement of large marine animals. The accumulated knowledge of interactions of MRE devices with animals and habitats to date is summarized here, along with a discussion of preferred management methods for encouraging MRE development in an environmentally responsible manner. As there are few devices in the water, understanding is gained largely from examining one to three MRE devices. This information indicates that there will be no significant effects on marine animals and habitats due to underwater noise from MRE devices or emissions of electromagnetic fields from cables, nor changes in benthic and pelagic habitats, or oceanographic systems. Ongoing research to understand potential collision risk of animals with turbine blades still shows significant uncertainty. There has been no significant field research undertaken on entanglement of large animals with mooring lines and cables associated with MRE devices.

Role of immersive visualization tools in renewable energy system development

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 109363
Author(s):  
Mohd Daniel Azraff Bin Rozmi ◽  
Gokul Sidarth Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
Elmira Jamei ◽  
Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian ◽  
Saad Mekhilef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
System Development ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy System ◽  
Visualization Tools ◽  
Immersive Visualization

Thermoelectric Heat Pipe-Based Refrigerator: System Development and Comparison with Thermoelectric, Absorption and Vapor Compression Refrigerators

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 736-744
Author(s):  
Nandy Putra ◽  
H. Ardiyansya ◽  
Ridho Irwansyah ◽  
Wayan Nata Septiadi ◽  
A. Adiwinata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipe ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
System Development ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Thermoelectric Coolers ◽  
Thermoelectric Systems ◽  
Vapor Compression System ◽  
Thermoelectric Heat

Thermoelectric coolers have been widely applied to provide cooling for refrigerators in addition to conventional absorption and vapor compression systems. To increase heat dissipation in the thermoelectric cooler’s modules, a heat pipe can be installed in the system. The aim of this study is to develop a thermoelectric heat pipe-based (THP) refrigerator, which consists of thermoelectric coolers that are connected by heat pipe modules to enhance heat transfer. A comparative analysis of the THP prototype and conventional refrigerator with vapor compression, absorption and thermoelectric systems is also presented. The prototype system has a faster cooling down time and a higher coefficient of performance than the absorption system but still lower than vapor compression system

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