Performance of anaerobic germination-tolerant rice varieties in direct seeding: effects on stand establishment, weed growth and yield under different seeding rates

This study was conducted to evaluate few elite rice genotypes in wet-direct seeded system vis-à-vis conventional transplanting in clayey vertisol of Telangana during two consecutive seasons (rabi and kharif) of 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with two methods of crop establishment in main plots viz. conventional transplanting (CT) and direct seeded rice (DSR) in puddled condition with nine rice varieties of different growth duration in sub-plots and replicated thrice. Growth and yield attributing characters were not differed in both the establishment techniques. Grain yields during the rabi season was higher by about 1.5 % under DSR, whereas, during kharif it was about 1 % higher in transplanted rice. Total duration of cultivars was decreased in DSR to the tune of 14 days during two seasons. There was no significant difference in mean grain yield across rice cultivars in two consecutive growing seasons between direct seeding and conventional transplanting. During rabi season DRR Dhan 44, Rasi, DRRH-2, HRI-174, RNR 15048, RP Bio-226 performed well; whereas Rasi, DRR Dhan 44, DRRH-2 and Varadhan found suitable in kharif.

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Genetic Mapping by Sequencing More Precisely Detects Loci Responsible for Anaerobic Germination Tolerance in Rice

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040705 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 705

Author(s):

John Carlos I. Ignacio ◽

Maricris Zaidem ◽

Carlos Casal ◽

Shalabh Dixit ◽

Tobias Kretzschmar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Basis ◽

Snp Markers ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Genotyping Platform ◽

Anaerobic Germination ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Mapping By Sequencing ◽

Simple Sequence

Direct seeded rice (DSR) is a mainstay for planting rice in the Americas, and it is rapidly becoming more popular in Asia. It is essential to develop rice varieties that are suitable for this type of production system. ASD1, a landrace from India, possesses several traits desirable for direct-seeded fields, including tolerance to anaerobic germination (AG). To map the genetic basis of its tolerance, we examined a population of 200 F2:3 families derived from a cross between IR64 and ASD1 using the restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) technology. This genotyping platform enabled the identification of 1921 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to construct a high-resolution genetic linkage map with an average interval of 0.9 cM. Two significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected on chromosomes 7 and 9, qAG7 and qAG9, with LOD scores of 7.1 and 15.0 and R2 values of 15.1 and 29.4, respectively. Here, we obtained more precise locations of the QTLs than traditional simple sequence repeat and low-density SNP genotyping methods and may help further dissect the genetic factors of these QTLs.

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Dynamic genome-wide association analysis and identification of candidate genes involved in anaerobic germination tolerance in rice

Rice ◽

10.1186/s12284-020-00444-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ling Su ◽

Jing Yang ◽

Dandan Li ◽

Ziai Peng ◽

Aoyun Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Genes ◽

Genome Wide Association Study ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Oxygen Deficiency ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Anaerobic Germination ◽

Dynamic Genome ◽

Rice Seeds

Abstract Background In Asian rice production, an increasing number of countries now choose the direct seeding mode because of rising costs, labour shortages and water shortages. The ability of rice seeds to undergo anaerobic germination (AG) plays an important role in the success of direct seeding. Results In this study, we used 2,123,725 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers based on resequencing to conduct a dynamic genome-wide association study (GWAS) of coleoptile length (CL) and coleoptile diameter (CD) in 209 natural rice populations. A total of 26 SNP loci were detected in these two phenotypes, of which 5 overlapped with previously reported loci (S1_ 39674301, S6_ 20797781, S7_ 18722403, S8_ 9946213, S11_ 19165397), and two sites were detected repeatedly at different time points (S3_ 24689629 and S5_ 27918754). We suggest that these 7 loci (−log10 (P) value > 7.3271) are the key sites that affect AG tolerance. To screen the candidate genes more effectively, we sequenced the transcriptome of the flooding-tolerant variety R151 in six key stages, including anaerobic (AN) and the oxygen conversion point (AN-A), and obtained high-quality differential expression profiles. Four reliable candidate genes were identified: Os01g0911700 (OsVP1), Os05g0560900 (OsGA2ox8), Os05g0562200 (OsDi19–1) and Os06g0548200. Then qRT-PCR and LC-MS/ MS targeting metabolite detection technology were used to further verify that the up-regulated expression of these four candidate genes was closely related to AG. Conclusion The four novel candidate genes were associated with gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) regulation and cell wall metabolism under oxygen-deficiency conditions and promoted coleoptile elongation while avoiding adverse effects, allowing the coleoptile to obtain oxygen, escape the low-oxygen environment and germinate rapidly. The results of this study improve our understanding of the genetic basis of AG in rice seeds, which is conducive to the selection of flooding-tolerant varieties suitable for direct seeding.

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Direct-Seeding Techniques for Guayule Stand Establishment in West Texas

jpa ◽

10.2134/jpa1992.0163 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 163-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. A. Foster ◽

J. Moore

Keyword(s):

Direct Seeding ◽

Stand Establishment ◽

West Texas

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Reproductive, pathogenic and genotypic characterisation of five Meloidogyne graminicola populations from the Philippines on susceptible and resistant rice varieties

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 299-318

Author(s):

Ma. Teodora Nadong Cabasan ◽

Arvind Kumar ◽

Stéphane Bellafiore ◽

Dirk De Waele

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Variability ◽

The Philippines ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Oryza Glaberrima ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Rdna Genes ◽

Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽

Disease Induction

Summary Five populations of Meloidogyne graminicola isolated from different rice-growing areas in the Philippines were characterised. The populations showed little phenotypic variability of second-stage juveniles and female perineal pattern. Differences in reproduction among M. graminicola populations were not observed on mature resistant Oryza glaberrima varieties ‘TOG5674’, ‘TOG5675’, ‘RAM131’ and ‘CG14’, or on susceptible O. sativa varieties ‘IR64’ and ‘UPLRi-5’. In all infected rice varieties, plant growth and yield-contributing traits showed no differences among the populations. A search on M. graminicola populations from the Philippines for single-nucleotide polymorphism on the sequences of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of rDNA genes and mtDNA indicated only few points of heteroplasmy. Nematode reproduction and disease induction of the five M. graminicola populations in the Philippines exerted the same level of aggressiveness and virulence. The absence of resistance-breaking populations of M. graminicola is important for the maintenance of durability of resistance to this important rice pathogen.

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Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture9080167 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 167 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kifayatullah Kakar ◽

Tran Dang Xuan ◽

Saidajan Abdiani ◽

Imran Khan Wafa ◽

Zubair Noori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Morphological Observation ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Panicle Number

Rice is an important staple food for Afghans. Its production has been increased, and attention is needed to improve grain quality. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and morphological structures of four exotic rice varieties widely grown in Afghanistan (Attai-1, Jalalabad-14, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass). Antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), of rice grain were determined. A scanning electron microscopic observation was conducted on the cross-cut section of dehulled rice grains. The results showed a wide variation among four rice varieties for growth, grain yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and morphology. Tiller and panicle number per hill, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and antioxidant activities were found to be highest in Jalalabad-14. Attai-1 showed lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents with a high number of perfect grains, consequently enhanced taste point (score of quality). Grain yield, protein, and amylose contents showed a negative correlation with antioxidant activities. Accumulated structures in Attai-1, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass were normal; however, Jalalabad-14 increased protein bodies and its traces in the amyloplasts. Information on yield potential, grain quality, and nutritional value of these exotic rice varieties may useful for sustainable food provision and nutritional improvement of rice in Afghanistan.

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Evaluation of growth and yield of selected hybrid and inbred rice varieties grown in net-house during transplanted aman season

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5755 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 67-73

Author(s):

M SH Islam ◽

MSU Bhuiya ◽

AR Gomosta ◽

AR Sarkar ◽

MM Hussain

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Rooting Depth ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Matter Production ◽

1000 Grain Weight

Pot experiments were conducted during T. aman 2001 and 2002 (wet season) at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) in net house. Hybrid variety Sonarbangla-1 and inbred modern variety BRRI dhan-31 were used in both the seasons and BRRI hybrid dhan-l was used in 2002. The main objective of the experiments was to compare the growth and yield behaviour of hybrid and inbred rice varieties under controlled condition. In 2001, BRRI dhan-3l had about 10-15% higher plant height, very similar tillers/plant, 15-25% higher leaf area at all days after transplanting (DAT) compared to Sonarbangla-1. Sonarbangla- 1 had about 40% higher dry matter production at 25 DAT but had very similar dry matter production at 50 and 75 DAT, 4-11% higher rooting depth at all DATs, about 22% higher root dry weight at 25 DAT, but 5-10% lower root dry weight at 50 and 75 DAT compared to BRRI dhan-31. The photosynthetic rate was higher (20 μ mol m-2/sec-1) in BRRI dhan-3l at 35 DAT (maximum tillering stage) but at 65 DAT, Sonarbangla-l had higher photosynthetic rate of 19.5 μ mol m-2 sec-1. BRRI dhan-3l had higher panicles/plant than Sonarbangla-1, but Sonarbangla-1 had higher number of grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield than BRRI dhan-31. In 2002, BRRI dhan-31 had the highest plant height at 25 DAT, but at 75 DAT, BRRI hybrid dhan-l had the highest plant height. Sonarbangla-1 had the largest leaf area at 25 and 50 DAT followed by BRRI dhan-31, but at 75 DAT, BRRI dhan-31 had the largest leaf area. The highest shoot dry matter was observed in BRRI dhan-31 followed by Sonarbangla-1 at all DATs. Sonarbangla-1 had the highest rooting depth and root dry weight at all DATs. BRRI dhan-31 gave the highest number of panicles/plant followed by Sonarbangla-I, BRRI hybrid dhan-l had the highest grains/panicle followed by BRRI dhan-31 and Sonarbangla-I had the highest 1000-grain weight followed by BRRI dhan-31. The highest amount of grains/plant (34.6 g) was obtained from BRRI dhan-31. Key Words: Shoot dry matter; root dry weight; leaf area; photosynthesis; grain yield. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5755Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 67-73, March 2009

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Row-spacing and seed-rate effects on winter wheat in Ontario

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps93-005 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. H. Teich ◽

T. Welacky ◽

A. Hamill ◽

A. Smid

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Key Words ◽

Unit Area ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Seed Rate ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Rate Effects ◽

Lamb’S Quarters

This study was carried out to determine if winter wheat in southwestern Ontario should be grown in rows narrower than the conventional 18 cm and if the current recommended seed rate of 3.2 million seeds ha−1 (msh) is adequate. We compared the effect of 10- and 20-cm row spacings and 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 msh seed rates on grain yield, weed growth and yield of underseeded clover. Row spacing at a constant seed rate did not affect yield. With increasing seed rate there was an increase in yield, mainly through more heads per unit area, which more than compensated for a decrease in seeds per head. Narrow rows reduced the number of lamb’s-quarters and the overall weed count. The optimum seed rate for grain yield was 6.4 msh for ratios of seed cost:crop value less than 1.34. Key words: Narrow rows, weeds, yield, economic optimum

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Effect of herbicides and their combinations on weed growth and yield of transplanted rice

Indian Journal of Weed Science ◽

10.5958/0974-8164.2016.00093.9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 356

Author(s):

Tej Pratap ◽

V. Pratap Singh ◽

S.P. Singh ◽

Rekha

Keyword(s):

Growth And Yield ◽

Transplanted Rice ◽

Weed Growth

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Weed management options in transgenic stacked and non transgenic maize (Zea mays) hybrids-A review

Agricultural Reviews ◽

10.18805/ag.r-1671 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (04) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Sivagamy ◽

C. Chinnusamy ◽

P. Parasuraman

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Control Programme ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Management Options ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Vigorous Growth

Weeds are generally hardy species having fast growth, deep root system and capable of competing very efficiently with cultivated crops for the available resources and adversely affect the crop growth and yield. Weed management systems that rely on post emergence control assume that crops can tolerate competition for certain periods of time without suffering yield losses. Initial slow growth particularly at early crop growth stages and wider plant spacing of maize crop encourages fast and vigorous growth of weeds. It is of paramount importance that, competition from weeds must be minimized to achieve optimum yield. Among the different weed control methods, chemical method bears many advantages in suppressing weed growth and to get healthy and vigorous crop stand. Non-selective herbicide molecules with a variety of mode of action were discovered, developed and marketed for successful weed control programme.

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