THE EFFECT OF AMBIENT HUMIDITY ON THE REPELLENCY OF ETHYLHEXANEDIOL (‘6-12’) TO AEDES AEGYPTI

1968 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1331-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wm. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Ambient Humidity ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity

AbstractLaboratory olfactometer experiments made at constant ambient temperature (29°C) demonstrated that the protection afforded mammalian hosts by 2-ethyl hexanediol-1,3 (’6–12’) against Aedes aegypti L. was greater at high (82%) than at low (35%) ambient relative humidity. The physical and physiological implications are discussed.

CATFISH DRYING (Clarias Batraclus) USING ‘TEKO BERSAYAP’ SOLAR DRYER

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Dryer

Experiment on catfish drying employing ‘Teko Bersayap’ solar dryer was conducted. The result of the experiment indicated that the dryer was able to increase ambient temperature up to 44% and decrease ambient relative humidity up to 103%. Fish drying process followed equations : KAu = 74,94 e-0,03t for unsplitted fish and KAb = 79,25 e-0,09t for splitted fish, where KAu = moisture content of unsplitted fish (%), KAb = moisture content of splitted fish (%), t = drying time. Drying of unsplitted fish finished in 43.995 hours while drying of split fish completed in 15.29 hours. Splitting the fish increased 2,877 times drying rate.

Performance analysis of an air humidifier integrated gas turbine with film air cooling of turbine blade

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok K. Mahapatra ◽  
Sanjay Sanjay
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Compressor Pressure Ratio

A computational analysis to investigate the effects of compressor pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature, ambient relative humidity and ambient temperature on the performance parameters of an air cooled gas turbine cycle with evaporative cooling of inlet air has been presented. The blade cooling method selected is film cooling. The analysis indicates that the mass of coolant required for blade cooling is reduced with increase in temperature drop across the humidifier. Both decrease in ambient temperature and ambient relative humidity results in an increase in plant efficiency and plant specific work. The highest efficiency is obtained at a turbine inlet temperature of 1500 K for all range of ambient relative humidity and ambient temperature, beyond which it decreases. The compressor pressure ratio corresponding to the maximum plant specific work, however, varies with both ambient relative humidity and ambient temperature. The increase in specific work due to drop in ambient relative humidity is more pronounced at higher pressure ratios. Similarly, the increase in efficiency due to ambient temperature drop is prominent at higher turbine inlet temperatures. Finally, a design nomograph is presented to select the design parameters corresponding to best efficiency and specific work.

scholarly journals Physiological significance of the microclimate in night refuges of the numbat Myrmecobius fasciatus.

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
CE Cooper ◽  
PC Withers
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Tree Hollows ◽  
Ambient Levels

Numbats (Myrmecobius fasciatus) seek overnight refuge in hollow logs, tree hollows and burrows, which provide protection from predators. Occupied night refuges were on average 5�C warmer than ambient temperature, which would result in considerable energy savings (35 kJ over 12 h). Use of a nest within the refuge reduced calculated energy expenditure by a further 55 kJ over 12 h. Mean nightly temperature didn?t differ with refuge type, but the nightly pattern of refuge temperature did. Burrows had higher insulation than logs or tree hollows, and had more constant night temperatures and higher minimum temperatures. Season had a significant influence on refuge temperature, with lower temperatures in winter than in other seasons for all refuge types. The gas composition of occupied night refuges was different to ambient, with refuge air differing in O2 content by a maximum of 2.3%, and CO2 by no more than 3.0% from ambient levels. The relative humidity in M. fasciatus refuges was extremely variable (23- 100%), but was generally lower than ambient relative humidity. The overnight refuges of M. fasciatus (hollow logs, tree hollows and burrows) significantly buffer thermal conditions without major effects on the gaseous or hygric environment.

scholarly journals Influence of the ambient humidity on the concentration of natural deposition ice nuclei

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 16697-16714
Author(s):  
M. L. López ◽  
E. E. Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Ambient Humidity ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Rainy Days

Abstract. This study reports measurements of deposition ice nuclei (IN) concentration at ground level during the period July–December 2014 in Córdoba, Argentina. The measurements were carried out at temperature of −25 °C and at 15 % supersaturation over ice. They were performed on days with different thermodynamic conditions, including rainy days. The effect of the relative humidity at ground level (RHamb) on the IN concentration was analyzed. The number of IN activated varied from 1 −1 at RHamb of 25 % to 30 L−1 at RHamb of 90 %. In general, a linear trend between the IN concentration and the RHamb was found, suggesting that this variable must be related to the ability of the aerosols acting as IN. These results are consistent with previous results. From the backward trajectories analysis, it was found that the link between IN concentration and RHamb is independent of the origin of the air masses. The role of nucleation occurring in pores and cavities was discussed as possible mechanism to explain the increase on the IN concentration during high ambient relative humidity events.

scholarly journals Roles of Organic Emissions in the Formation of Near Field Aircraft-Emitted Volatile Particulate Matter: A Kinetic Microphysical Modeling Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsi-Wu Wong ◽  
Mina Jun ◽  
Jay Peck ◽  
Ian A. Waitz ◽  
Richard C. Miake-Lye
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Organic Vapors ◽  
Nucleation Mode ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Binary Nucleation

A kinetic microphysical modeling approach that describes the formation of volatile aerosols in the presence of organic emissions in near field aircraft emitted plumes at ground level is presented. Our model suggests that self nucleation of organic species, binary nucleation of water-soluble organic vapors with water, and multicomponent nucleation of water-soluble organic vapors with sulfuric acid and water all have very slow nucleation rates. The formation of new homogeneous particles in near field aircraft plumes is thus considered to be driven by binary nucleation of sulfuric acid and water. Volatile organic vapors emitted from aircraft engines primarily contribute to the nucleation process by condensing on existing homogeneous aerosols and only affect the size and the composition (not the number) of the homogeneous aerosols. Our model also shows that under low ambient relative humidity levels or high ambient temperatures, nucleation mode particles are more organic-rich than soot coatings. Organic mass fraction of nucleation mode particles is more sensitive to organic emissions levels compared to that of soot coatings. Ambient temperature and relative humidity were also predicted to affect the nucleation of sulfuric acid–water cores, where higher ambient relative humidity level and lower ambient temperature strongly favor binary sulfuric acid–water nucleation. The effect of ambient conditions on organic fractions was predicted to be relatively insignificant.

scholarly journals “TEKO BERSAYAP” MODEL SOLAR DRYER FOR FISH DRYING

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwana Yuwana ◽  
Bosman Sidebang ◽  
Evanila Silvia
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Drying Chamber

This objective of this research was to design a dryer called “Teko Bersayap” model and then to test its performance in drying fish in order to solve problems arising from open air sun drying. The dryer consisted of drying chamber with trays inside, heat collectors equipped with air inlets at their lower ends, chimney with an exhaust fan inside and humid air outlet at its upper end, was constructed to dry fish, “Bleberan (Pepetak Leiognatus spp)” species. The results of the experiment indicated that the dryer produced the drying chamber temperature 8.83oC higher than the ambient temperature and the relative humidity 13.91% lower than the ambient relative humidity. The fish moisture content decreased exponentially with drying time and the dryer completed the fish drying process in 18.9 hours compared to 27.6 hours of drying time needed to complete the sun drying for the fish, suggesting that the dryer was ready for utilization

scholarly journals A novel mouse model of heatstroke accounting for ambient temperature and relative humidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Miyamoto ◽  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
Hirokazu Ohtaki ◽  
Motoyasu Nakamura ◽  
Hiroki Yamaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Core Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Water

Abstract Background Heatstroke is associated with exposure to high ambient temperature (AT) and relative humidity (RH), and an increased risk of organ damage or death. Previously proposed animal models of heatstroke disregard the impact of RH. Therefore, we aimed to establish and validate an animal model of heatstroke considering RH. To validate our model, we also examined the effect of hydration and investigated gene expression of cotransporter proteins in the intestinal membranes after heat exposure. Methods Mildly dehydrated adult male C57/BL6J mice were subjected to three AT conditions (37 °C, 41 °C, or 43 °C) at RH > 99% and monitored with WetBulb globe temperature (WBGT) for 1 h. The survival rate, body weight, core body temperature, blood parameters, and histologically confirmed tissue damage were evaluated to establish a mouse heatstroke model. Then, the mice received no treatment, water, or oral rehydration solution (ORS) before and after heat exposure; subsequent organ damage was compared using our model. Thereafter, we investigated cotransporter protein gene expressions in the intestinal membranes of mice that received no treatment, water, or ORS. Results The survival rates of mice exposed to ATs of 37 °C, 41 °C, and 43 °C were 100%, 83.3%, and 0%, respectively. From this result, we excluded AT43. Mice in the AT 41 °C group appeared to be more dehydrated than those in the AT 37 °C group. WBGT in the AT 41 °C group was > 44 °C; core body temperature in this group reached 41.3 ± 0.08 °C during heat exposure and decreased to 34.0 ± 0.18 °C, returning to baseline after 8 h which showed a biphasic thermal dysregulation response. The AT 41 °C group presented with greater hepatic, renal, and musculoskeletal damage than did the other groups. The impact of ORS on recovery was greater than that of water or no treatment. The administration of ORS with heat exposure increased cotransporter gene expression in the intestines and reduced heatstroke-related damage. Conclusions We developed a novel mouse heatstroke model that considered AT and RH. We found that ORS administration improved inadequate circulation and reduced tissue injury by increasing cotransporter gene expression in the intestines.

scholarly journals Formation of Conidial Pseudochains by Tomato Powdery Mildew Oidium neolycopersici

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Oichi ◽  
Y. Matsuda ◽  
T. Nonomura ◽  
H. Toyoda ◽  
L. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Oidium Neolycopersici ◽  
Ambient Relative Humidity ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Tomato Powdery Mildew ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Weak Wind ◽  
Generative Cells

The formation of conidial pseudochains by the tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici on tomato leaves was monitored using a high-fidelity digital microscope. Individual living conidiophores that formed mature conidial cells at their apex were selected for observation. The conidial cells were produced during repeated division and elongation by the generative cells of the conidiophores. Under weak wind conditions (0.1 m/s), these conidial cells did not separate from each other to produce a chain of conidial cells (pseudochain). The pseudochains dropped from the conidiophores once four conidial cells were connected. The conidiophores resumed conidium production, followed by another cycle of pseudochain formation. The formation of pseudochains by tomato powdery mildew was not influenced by the ambient relative humidity. On the other hand, the conidial cells produced were easily wind dispersed without forming pseudochains when conidiophores were exposed to stronger winds (1.0 m/s). The present study successfully demonstrated that the pathogen required wind to disperse progeny conidia from the conidiophores and produced conidial pseudochains when the wind was below a critical level, independent of high relative humidity as reported previously.

Heat balance, haematology and serum chemistry of layers under varying stocking density reared in locally fabricated metal-type cage system

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
K. O. Bello ◽  
A. E. Adiatu ◽  
M. O. Osunlakin ◽  
O. O. Oni
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fabricated Metal ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Metal Type

One hundred and thirty five 18weeks old Bovans Nera Black strain pullets were used in a 10week study to determine their heat balance and blood profile under varying stocking density in locally fabricated metal-type cage system. The cages were stocked 2, 3 and 4birds/cell. Daily ambient temperature and relative humidity of the cage and rectal temperature of the birds were taken and heat balance calculated. Record of Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin concentration (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood count (WBC) and differential of the birds were taken at beginning and end of the study for the haematological indices while blood glucose, total protein, Albumin and blood urea were taken for the bio-chemical measurements. Ambient temperature, relative humidity, and heat balance showed no significant (P>0.05) difference with cage stocking density. Cage stocking density had significant (P<0.05) effect on rectal temperature of layers. Bird stocked 3/cell recorded the least (41.14oC) rectal temperature while those stocked 4/cell recorded the highest (41.27oC). All the haematological parameters of the birds were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by stocking density of the cage type. Bio-chemical measurements were not significantly (P>0.05) different among layers under varying stocking density of the cage except total protein (P<0.05). Layers stocked 4/cell recorded highest (5.22g/dl) total protein while those stocked 3/cell had the least value (4.37g/dl). However, the values were within the normal range recommended for healthy chicken. The study concluded that locally fabricated metal-type battery cage could be used to rear layers and stocking density of 3birds/cell is ideal without compromising the welfare of the birds.

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