EFFECTS OF THE ANTIFEEDING COMPOUND AC 24055 (4′-(3,3-DIMETHYL-1-TRIAZENO) ACETANILIDE) ON LARVAE AND ADULTS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER (DIPTERA: DROSOPHILIDAE)

1974 ◽  
Vol 106 (10) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David ◽  
S. R. Loschiavo
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractThe antifeeding compound AC 24055 (4′-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) acetanilide) was added to the diet of Drosophila melanogaster at several concentrations. Larval mortality and the duration of larval development increased significantly with increasing concentration from 125 to 625 parts per million (p.p.m.), and these effects were the same in males and females. Within this range of concentrations the weight of recently emerged adults declined with increasing concentration, the loss being greater for females than males. Egg production declined with increased concentration from 200 to 1000 p.p.m., particularly during the second week of egg production. Egg hatchability was not affected at 200 p.p.m., but from 400 to 1000 p.p.m. it declined rapidly from the second to the sixth day; with continued exposure, fertility was partly restored. The life span of adults decreased as the concentration increased from 500 to 1500 p.p.m. Concretions were observed in the Malpighian tubules of females reared in food containing 400 p.p.m. or more of the compound, but not in males.

scholarly journals Influense of curcumin on lifespan if it is applied at the larval stage of drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Anatoly Pisaruk ◽  
Natalya Koshel ◽  
Ludmila Mekhova ◽  
Oksana Zabuga ◽  
Stephen Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Epigenetic Programming ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Adult Drosophila ◽  
Different Doses

In this study we have applied the different doses of curcumin at the larval stages of a fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster and subsequently ivestigated its effect on the developmental duration and life expectancy of imago. It has been shown a 2-day delay in the hatching of the flies, which were developing in the medium containing 500 mM of curcumin. Exposure to curcumin significantly influenced on the average and maximum lifespan (ALS and MLS respectively) of all Drosofila in the study: ALS – F=13.01, p<0.001 for males and F=14.3, p<0.001 for females; MLS – F=35.9, p<0.001 for males and F=16.7, p <0.001 for females. Thus, the ALS in the males, which at the larval stage were kept in the medium containing 125 mM, 250 mM and 500 mM of curcumin, was significantly higher (p<0.001) comparing to the control. In females, such kind of significant increase in ALS has been shown at a dose of 500 mM of curcumin (p<0.001) in the medium during the developmental stage comparing to the control. In other words, the ALS of the imago has increased in correlation to the increase in the dose of curcumin applied at the developmental stage in males by 9%, 16%, 13%, and 23% and in females by 0%, 1%, 3%, 16% respectively. There has been also shown the sharp raise in MLS in both males and females, which at the larval stage were kept in the medium containing more than 125 mM of curcumin. To sum up we can assume that in this study consumption of curcumin at the larval stage of fruit flies significantly increased the developmental duration and life span of adult Drosophila, and this may demonstrate the effect of curcumin on the epigenetic programming of pace of life. Keywords: Development; Life span; Curcumin; Drosophila

scholarly journals Larval diet affects adult reproduction but not survival regardless of injury and infection stress in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eevi Savola ◽  
Pedro Vale ◽  
Craig Walling
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Early Life Conditions ◽  
Rate Of Ageing

ABSTRACTEarly-life conditions have profound effects on many life-history traits. In particular, early-life diet affects both juvenile development, and adult survival and reproduction. Early-life diet also has consequences for the ability of adults to withstand stressors such as starvation, temperature and desiccation. However, it is less well known how early-life diet influences the ability of adults to respond to infection. Here we test whether varying the larval diet of female Drosophila melanogaster (through altering protein to carbohydrate ratio, P:C) influences the long-term response to injury and infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila. Given previous work manipulating adult dietary P:C, we predicted that adults from larvae raised on higher P:C diets would be more likely to survive infection and have increased reproduction, but shorter lifespans and an increased rate of ageing. For larval development, we predicted that low P:C would lead to a longer development time and lower viability. We found that early-life and lifetime egg production were highest at intermediate to high larval P:C diets, but there was no effect of larval P:C on adult survival. Larval diet had no effect on survival or reproduction post-infection. Larval development was quickest on intermediate P:C and egg-to-pupae and egg-to-adult viability were higher on higher P:C. Overall, despite larval P:C affecting several traits measured in this study, we saw no evidence that larval P:C altered the consequence of infection or injury for adult survival and early-life and lifetime reproduction. Taken together, these data suggest that larval diets appear to have a limited impact on adult response to infection.

Effect of the organophosphorous insecticide, chlorpyrifos (Dursban), on growth, fecundity and mortality ofBiomphalaria alexandrinaand on the production ofSchistosoma mansonicercariae in the snail

1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. F. Ibrahim ◽  
P. Furu ◽  
A. M. Ibrahim ◽  
N. Ø. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Biomphalaria Alexandrina ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Cercarial Production ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Parasite Relationship ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

ABSTRACTExposure ofBiomphalaria alexandrinato sublethal concentrations (0·125, 0·25 and 0·05 ppm) of the organophosporous insecticide, chlorpyrifos (Dursban), induced a reduction in egg production and egg hatchability. Exposure ofSchistosoma mansonimiracidia to the insecticide (60 min, 0·05 ppm) prior to infection ofB. alexandrinadid not affect the subsequent production of cercariae. However, exposure ofS. mansoni—infected snails to the insecticide until day 55, from day 20 to day 62 and from day 35 to 62 following infection resulted in blockage of cercarial shedding. cercarial shedding commenced in some snails when the treatement stopped. Exposure to the insecticide in concentrations of 0·125 and 0·25 ppm during the first 20 days following infection did not affect the subsequent production of cercariae, but exposure to 0·5 ppm during the first 20 days affected markedly the production of cercariae due to a high snail mortality. The findings indicate that the cercaria is the target stage for the activity of chlorpyrifos on the intramolluscan larval development. It is suggested thatS. mansonicercarial production inB. alexandrinamay he a useful system for monitoring the effect of low concentrations of pesticides on the aquatic environment, and that the ability by chemical means to interrupt the cercarial production might be a useful tool in further analyses of important aspects of the snail/parasite relationship.

scholarly journals Structure, frequency and distribution of P elements in relation to P—M hybrid dysgenic male recombination in Drosophila melanogaster

1989 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Exley ◽  
P. Eggleston
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Hybrid Dysgenesis ◽  
P Element ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
The Third

SummaryThe frequency and distribution of P elements were investigated in the third chromosomes of two wild-type strains of Drosophila melanogaster using in situ hybridization of biotinylated probes to the polytene chromosomes. The relationship between these data and the extent of hybrid dysgenesis was determined through assays of egg production, egg hatchability (F2 embryo lethality), snw destabilization and male recombination along the third chromosome. The results suggest that P-element distribution, frequency and structure are all contributory factors in the regulation of hybrid dysgenesis. Texas 6 was shown consistently to be a stronger P strain than Texas 1, eliciting greater reductions in fertility, more extensive snw destabilization and higher frequencies of male recombination. Clustering of male recombination events, arising from pre-meiotic crossing over, was evident among the dysgenic progeny of each strain. Male recombination and snw destabilization were independently distributed among the dysgenic males studied, suggesting that these traits represent separate P-mediated functions. The third chromosome male recombination maps produced by the two strains differed significantly from each other and from the published female meiotic and polytene chromosome maps. Male recombination breakpoints were associated with the original distribution of P sequences in the two strains and the results suggest that this relationship may be closer for potentially complete P factors than for P sequences in general. An analysis of sub-lines derived from individual recombinant males revealed that chromosomal breakpoints could also be associated with novel insertions following P-element transposition.

scholarly journals Life extension in Drosophila melanogasteras a result of development in conditions of high larval density

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
A. S. Karaman ◽  
A. M. Vaiserman ◽  
A. K. Koliada ◽  
O. G. Zabuga ◽  
A. V. Pisaruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Density Methods

Aim. To investigate the life expectancy and reproductive activity of Drosophila melanogaster that developed in conditions of increased larval density. Methods. Mean and maximum life span were determined in males and females in the different experimental groups. The reproductive activity was evaluated by counting the total number of eggs laid by one female per day. Results. A significant increase of the mean life span compared to control was observed in adults that hatched from pupae during the first and second days after the beginning of the emergence: males — 24 % and 23.5 %, females — 23.8 % and 29.3 % respectively. The level of reproductive activity (fecundity) is statistically lower in two groups which hatched last. Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, we suggest that development in conditions of increased larval density can lead to increase in the life span of D. melanogaster.Keywords: life span, Drosophila melanogaster, reproductive activity, development.

A NOTE ON KIDWELL'S CHROMOSOMAL ANALYSIS OF EGG PRODUCTION AND CHAETA NUMBER IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glaser ◽  
J. F. Kldwell
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Chromosomal Analysis ◽  
Epistatic Variance

An earlier paper (Kidwell, J.F., 1969, Can. J. Genet. Cytol 11: 547-557) has described partitioning of the genetic variance of egg production and chaeta number in Drosophila melanogaster, assuming equal frequencies of all chromosomes. Kidwell's data were analyzed again, and the new analyses were based on several panmictic populations with varying frequencies for each genotype. The importances of the several portions of the genetic variance were estimated for each population; several cases are presented. In most cases the ranges were substantial, especially those of the dominance and four-factor epistatic variances. The results of the present study generally support Kidwell's previous conclusions and suggest that epistatic variance should not routinely be assumed negligible.

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