PATTERNS OF DIVERSITY IN THE CANADIAN INSECT FAUNA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (S165) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Danks
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Area ◽  
The West ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
The North ◽  
Historical Factors

AbstractThe diversity of the Canadian insect fauna decreases and its composition (at all taxonomic levels) changes as climates become progressively more harsh toward the north. This climatic trend dominates patterns of diversity, but many other factors interact to produce the observed patterns. In the arctic, species richness is greatest in the west. Farther south, overall species richness is greatest in the west (especially British Columbia), associated with coastal and cordilleran habitats, and to a somewhat smaller degree in the southeast (especially Ontario), associated with deciduous forests and particularly with transitional forests which occupy a large area of southeastern Canada. However, certain taxa are better represented in the west or in the east, depending on present-day habitats and on historical factors. These conclusions, based chiefly on a sample of taxa of different types, are possible only because basic systematic work has been carried out to distinguish and map the species. Preliminary data on numerical patterns, such as the numbers of species relative to different potential resources such as host plants in different zones, tend to suggest that the occurrence of species in the north may depend so heavily on climatic factors that potential resources are not fully exploited and the effects of interspecific interactions on diversity are reduced.

New Evidence of the Late Neopleistocene Peopling of the Lower Ob Valley

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
I. D. Zolnikov ◽  
A. A. Anoikin ◽  
E. A. Filatov ◽  
A. V. Vybornov ◽  
A. V. Vasiliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Available Information

This study focuses on the early human occupation of the arctic part of the West Siberian Plain and introduces the finds at the Paleolithic site Kushevat (Shuryshkarsky District, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), discovered in 2020. Geological and geomorphological characteristics of the Lower Ob region are provided, the chronology of the key Middle and Late Neopleistocene sequences is assessed, and criteria underlying the search for Paleolithic sites in the area are outlined. We describe the discovery and excavations at Kushevat, its stratigraphy and its faunal remains. On the basis of correlation with neighboring key Late Neopleistocene sections with a representative series of absolute dates, the age of the site is estimated at cal 50–35 ka BP. Results of a traceological study of a possibly human-modified reindeer antler are provided. Findings at Kushevat and the available information on the early peopling of northern Eurasia suggest that the boundary of the inhabited part of that region must be shifted ~200 km to the north. The Ob, therefore, is one of the last major Siberian rivers where traces of the Early Upper Paleolithic culture have been found. The discovery of a stratified site in its lower stretch is a milestone in the Paleolithic studies in the region. A large area over which faunal remains are distributed, and the presence of lithics among the surface finds, suggest that Kushevat is a highly prospective site for future archaeological studies of the early stages in the human peopling of the region.

Shrines and Sovereigns: Life, Death, and Religion in Rural Azerbaijan

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 654-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Grant
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The West ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Rapid Succession ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Mass

Shrines fill the Eurasian land mass. They can be found from Turkey in the west to China in the east, from the Arctic Circle in the north to Afghanistan in the south. Between town and country, they can consist of full-scale architectural complexes, or they may compose no more than an open field, a pile of stones, a tree, or a small mausoleum. They have been at the centers and peripheries of almost every major religious tradition of the region: Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism. Yet in the formerly socialist world, these places of pilgrimage have something even more in common: they were often cast as the last bastions of religious observance when churches, mosques, temples, and synagogues were sent crashing to the ground in rapid succession across the twentieth century.

The Arctic Caledonides and earlier Oceans

1972 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Harland ◽  
R. A. Gayer
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lomonosov Ridge ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The West ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
The North ◽  
Scandinavian Caledonides ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
North Greenland

SummaryConsideration of the arctic configuration of the Caledonides leads to a distinction between eastern and western geosynclinal belts. The western belt, comprising the East Greenland, East Svalbard and southern Barents Sea Caledonides is postulated to continue northwards into the Lomonosov Ridge, whilst the western Spitsbergen Caledonides are thought to have originated as part of the North Greenland geosyncline which is also thought to continue northwards to form the western part of the Lomonosov Ridge. The eastern Caledonian geosynclinal belt comprising the Scandinavian Caledonides appears to swing eastwards to link with the Timan Chain and possibly the Urals.The already postulated (‘Proto-Atlantic’) ocean concept is reviewed in the light of the Arctic Caledonides and named Iapetus. Faunal provincialism suggests that the ocean was in existence up to early Ordovician but had substantially closed by mid Ordovician times. Possible relics of the suture marking the closure of this ocean suggest that it lay to the west of the Arctic Scandinavian Caledonides trending NE to latitude 70° N and thence veered eastwards separating the southern Barents Sea Caledonides from those of Arctic Scandinavia, possibly connecting with the northern Uralian ocean. A previous branch of the ocean may have separated East Svalbard and East Greenland as an ocean-like trough. A further (pre-Arctic) ocean may have existed to the north of the North Greenland–Lomonosov Ridge geosynclines. This is named Pelagus.The closure of these oceanic areas and the deformation of the bordering geosynclines delineates three principal continental plates, namely, Baltic, Greenland and Barents Plates. Their relative dominantly E–W motion up to Silurian times produced compression between the Greenland and both the Baltic and Barents plates but dextral transpression and transcurrence between the latter plates. In Late Silurian to Devonian times an increasing northward component controlled late Caledonian transpression and sinistral transcurrence between the Greenland plate and the combined Baltic and Barents plates.

scholarly journals Future developments and advances in disinfectants and application modes for use in departments, military units and medical facilities in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
A A Ivanov ◽  
A B Seleznev ◽  
N V Komissarov ◽  
E V Ivchenko ◽  
A B Yudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Electric Power Station ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Chemical Solutions ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Extreme North

There were performed test and development review concerning disinfection procedures in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North, an assessment of their sophistication, and determination of possible ways to enhancement of efficiency. It was found that long-term low temperatures, geographical distance and hard-to-reach territories, weak natural self-regeneration mechanism of biocenosis, development of human hypersensitivity to infectious agents, congestion of personnel at camping and operation places define the urgency of creation of modern chemical and technical disinfectants which are effective in the north. The basic requirements to these disinfectants were formulated. Thus, process chemical solutions should not become frozen over a period that biocide effect takes; disinfectants to use in human presence should meet the operational criteria for sealable inhabited objects. Engineering tools should be equipped with productive snowmelters, heat-insulated rooms, all-terrain running gear, liquid fuel -powered cauldrons, heaters, electric power station. Promising directions of new disinfectants advancing and development were determined. It’s necessary to study infectious and parasitic morbidity in the Arctic and Extreme North, the causes and conditions governing its structure and dynamics, specificity of epidemic process. The establishment of special climate chambers with variable capacities for materials and goods disinfection mode development, including the use of engineering tools; it is essential to choose or develop the study methods of arctic climatic factors influence on test microorganisms, operating procedure behavior of disinfection, worked objects’ properties. The studies of microbial contamination specifics seemed perspective, both in the environment and within inhabited objects, under long-term exposure of low temperatures; the search of biocidic technologies and factors for making disinfectants, modes and methods of application; substantiation of disinfection procedures tactics. Instructional and methodological base preparing will allow to perform perspective studies and disinfection procedures in a climate of the Arctic and Extreme North in accordance with contemporary requirements.

CYTOTAXONOMY OF SECTION PSAMMELYMUS OF THE GENUS ELYMUS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Taimyr Peninsula ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
The North Pacific

Comparative studies were made on the morphology of herbarium specimens and plot-grown plants of three species of Elymus L. in section Psammelymus Griseb. in Ledeb., namely, E. racemosus Lam., E. arenarius L., and E. mollis Trin. The three species were morphologically and geographically distinct. Elymus racemosus, a tetraploid species (2n = 28), occurs from Eastern Greece to Altai. Elymus arenarius is a Northern European species that is octoploid (2n = 56); it occurs in Iceland and has been introduced to the west coast of Greenland and widely separated localities in North America. Elymus mollis (2n = 28) has a wide distribution from the North Pacific coasts to Southern Greenland and rarely Iceland; it occurs in the Arctic from the Taimyr Peninsula to West Greenland. In E. mollis, there are three subspecies: (1) subsp. mollis including var. mollis f. mollis, f. simulans f. nov. and f. scabrinervis f. nov. and var. japonicus var. nov.; (2) subsp. villosissimus (Scribn.) Love; and (3) subsp. interior (Hultén) comb. nov. The Asiatic species, E. angustus Trin. and E. dasystachys Trin., are related to these three species. Elymus × vancouverensis Vasey appears to be an interspecific hybrid complex that originated from the hybridization of E. mollis var. mollis and probably E. triticoides Buckl., which is also tetraploid (2n = 28). In E. × vancouverensis, there are three nothomorphs: nm. vancouverensis (2n = 42), nm. californicus nm. nov. (2n = 42), and nm. crescentianus nm. nov. (2n = 28).

The Question of East Carelia

1924 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Kalijarvi
Keyword(s):  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
White Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Lake Onega ◽  
The Arctic Ocean

Eastern Carelia is composed of the governments of Kemi, Archangel or the Provinces of Viena, Poventsa, Petroskoi, and the Olonets. It is bounded on the west by the eastern frontier of Finland, on the south by Lake Ladoga and the River Svir, on the east by Lake Onega and the White Sea, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. It is about 300,000 square kilometers inarea with a population of about 175,000 people. Of these 134,000 are Carelians of the Fenno-Ugrian stock; and the remaining 41,000, who speak Russian to a greater or less degree, are Vepses, Carelians, Finns, Laplanders, and Russians.

scholarly journals Interannual changes in zooplankton on the West Spitsbergen Shelf in relation to hydrography and their consequences for the diet of planktivorous seabirds

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 890-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Kwasniewski ◽  
Marta Gluchowska ◽  
Wojciech Walkusz ◽  
Nina J. Karnovsky ◽  
Dariusz Jakubas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
The West ◽  
Little Auk ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
West Spitsbergen

Abstract Kwasniewski, S., Gluchowska, M., Walkusz, W., Karnovsky, N. J., Jakubas, D., Wojczulanis-Jakubas, K., Harding, A. M. A., Goszczko, I., Cisek, M., Beszczynska-Möller, A., Walczowski, W., Weslawski, J. M., and Stempniewicz, L. 2012. Interannual changes in zooplankton on the West Spitsbergen Shelf in relation to hydrography and their consequences for the diet of planktivorous seabirds. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 890–901. The purpose of the work was to determine how atmospheric and oceanic processes (the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Ocean Oscillation (AOO)) influence hydrography and zooplankton on the West Spitsbergen Shelf (WSS), and the impacts of the processes on chick meals of zooplanktivorous little auks Alle alle. There were distinct Atlantic and Arctic oceanographic domains on the shelf resulting from the presence of the West Spitsbergen Current and the Sørkapp Current, which contain different proportions of Calanus finmarchicus and C. glacialis. The abundance of warm- and cold-water species varied as a result of an interplay between processes in the atmosphere and ocean. In the Arctic domain, on which the study focused, the NAO impacted oceanography, zooplankton, and consequently little auk chick meals, with time-lags of 4–7 years. The diet of little auk chicks was more energy-rich when C. glacialis stage 5 in the Arctic community were more easily available. To date, the changes in zooplankton abundance on the WSS have not posed a threat to the ability of little auks to feed their chicks lipid-rich Arctic copepods.

The breeding ofBalanus porcatus(Da Costa) in the Irish Sea

1954 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Labrador Current ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Northern Species

Balanus porcatus(da Costa) is a widely distributed northern species, being found in the Arctic Ocean as far as 80° N., and in the northernmost extensions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Its southern limits are closely related to water temperatures. Whereas on the east coast of America, where the Labrador current flows southward, it extends to Long Island (lat. 40° N., see Pilsbury, 1916), on the west European coast it scarcely penetrates the English Channel (lat. 51° N.). It is found in some abundance however in the North Sea, the Skagerrak and Kattegat (Krüger, 1927), the Irish Sea, and off the west coast of Scotland and Ireland. The present survey is probably representative of its breeding habits in regions near the southern limits of its range.

scholarly journals PASTURE IMPROVEMENT IN LOW ALTITUDE TUSSOCK AND SCRUB-LAND

1958 ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
H.A. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Shelter Belts ◽  
Westerly Direction ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Scrub Land

The tussock grasslands and scrub-infested areas of the South Island vary considerably, according to altitude, climatic factors of rainfall, temperature, and wind, and the influence of mankind. To appreciate fully the theme of this paper a brief description of the locality, soil type, and ecology of the particular district will be helpful in evaluating the problems and the methods adopted to bring about an improvement in fertility and production. The area known as Traquair, Lee Stream, Wehenga, and Hindon represents some 300,000 acres and is situated 25 to 40 miles by road in a north to north-westerly direction from Dunedin. Broadly speaking it is an inland plateau bounded by the Maungatua Mountains in the south, the Lammermoor Range in the west, Deep Stream in the-north, and the Taieri River and Silver Peak Mountains in the east. Abrupt medium to deep gullies and gorges with extensive flat tops are characteristic of the topography of the country, which in altitude varies from 600 to 1,500 ft above sea level. Shelter trees are restricted to homestead plantings and small shelter belts.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of water-soluble gases in the oil and gas bearing sediments of the zone of junction between the Yenisei-Khatanga and the West Siberian basins (the Arctic regions of Siberia)

Georesursy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Dmitry Novikov ◽  
Evgeny Borisov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Dissolved Gases ◽  
The West ◽  
The North

The results of the studies of geochemical and zoning features of water-dissolved gases in the Mesozoic sediments of the junction between the Yenisei-Khatanga and the West Siberian basins are reported. The stage of industrial oil and gas content is more than 3 km thick and involves the depth range from 750 to 4000 m. Waters occurring in the region contain methane, their total gas saturation is 0.3 to 4.6 dm3/dm3, and CH4 content in 88.9 to 95.4 vol. % on average. An increase in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane homologues is observed with an increase in the depth, which is accompanied by a regular decrease in the concentrations of methane and nitrogen. In general, water-dissolved gases from the Neocomian and Jurassic reservoirs have similar compositions (С1 > N2 > C2 > C3 > n-C4 > i-C4 > CO2 > i-C5 > n-C5). The water-dissolved gases of the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian sediments are distinguished by lower concentrations of methane homologues (С1 > N2 > C2 > CO2 > C3 > i-C4 > n-C4 > i-C5 > n-C5), with the total content of heavy hydrocarbons (HHC) equal to 1.44 vol. %. Vertical zoning of the composition of water-dissolved gases is determined by the distribution of hydrocarbon pools in the Jurassic-Cretaceous section. A regular increase in the average values of the factor of enrichment with hydrocarbons (HC) (from 37 to 154) was established, along with a decrease in the ratio of CH4/ƩHHC (from 130 to 7), C2H6/C3H8 (from 41 to 2) and i-C4H10/n-C4H10 (from 2.6 to 0.6) from the Aptian-Albian-Cenomanian reservoirs to the Jurassic ones. The zone with anomalous He concentrations within the range of 0.4–0.9 vol. % was detected in the Neocomian and Middle Jurassic sediments. This zone is localized at the north-western slope of the Messoyakh inclined ridge (the Anomalnaya, Turkovskaya, Pelyatkinskaya and Sredne-Yarovskaya areas). The nature of this anomaly needs further studies.

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