Elimination of Fresh Water Use for Chemical Cleaning in Sulfate Removal Units SRU

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre M. B. Moreira ◽  
Gustavo Garios Lage ◽  
Manuel G. S. Tendillo ◽  
Xingpeng Zhang ◽  
Danielle Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Sulfate Removal

Resource use and environmental impacts from Australian export lamb production: a life cycle assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
M.-J. Yan ◽  
C. M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

This study conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) investigating energy, land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fresh water consumption and stress-weighted water use from production of export lamb in the major production regions of New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. The study used data from regional datasets and case study farms, and applied new methods for assessing water use using detailed farm water balances and water stress weighting. Land occupation was assessed with reference to the proportion of arable and non-arable land and allocation of liveweight (LW) and greasy wool was handled using a protein mass method. Fossil fuel energy demand ranged from 2.5 to 7.0 MJ/kg LW, fresh water consumption from 58.1 to 238.9 L/kg LW, stress-weighted water use from 2.9 to 137.8 L H2O-e/kg LW and crop land occupation from 0.2 to 2.0 m2/kg LW. Fossil fuel energy demand was dominated by on-farm energy demand, and differed between regions and datasets in response to production intensity and the use of purchased inputs such as fertiliser. Regional fresh water consumption was dominated by irrigation water use and losses from farm water supply, with smaller contributions from livestock drinking water. GHG emissions ranged from 6.1 to 7.3 kg CO2-e/kg LW and additional removals or emissions from land use (due to cultivation and fertilisation) and direct land-use change (due to deforestation over previous 20 years) were found to be modest, contributing between –1.6 and 0.3 kg CO2-e/kg LW for different scenarios assessing soil carbon flux. Excluding land use and direct land-use change, enteric CH4 contributed 83–89% of emissions, suggesting that emissions intensity can be reduced by focussing on flock production efficiency. Resource use and emissions were similar for export lamb production in the major production states of Australia, and GHG emissions were similar to other major global lamb producers. The results show impacts from lamb production on competitive resources to be low, as lamb production systems predominantly utilised non-arable land unsuited to alternative food production systems that rely on crop production, and water from regions with low water stress.

Antibiofilm activity of biomolecules: gene expression study of bacterial isolates from brackish and fresh water biofouled membranes

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Pal ◽  
Asifa Qureshi ◽  
Hemant J. Purohit
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Expression Study ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Membrane Biofouling ◽  
Exopolysaccharides Production

AbstractMembrane biofouling is a common and emerging problem, where cells get cemented and create problems in industrial process. Frequent chemical cleaning used for the treatment of biofouled membrane shortens the membrane life time and creates ‘stress’ to existing microflora to trigger more exopolysaccharides production, which becomes the principle cause of biofouling. To understand safe and environmentally feasible antifouling strategies, key biofilm forming representative bacteria isolated from brackish and fresh water biofouled membranes were subjected to natural agents, such as vanillin (0.05–0.4 mg/mL) and salicylic acid (0.1–0.7 mg/mL). Salicylic acid (0.7 mg/mL) was found to be effective against only

Industry and water security: overarching conclusions

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
Björn Stigson
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
New Public ◽  
Internal Operations ◽  
Framework Conditions ◽  
Water Issues

Fresh water is key to sustainable development. World Business Council for Sustainable Development members are addressing fresh water use 'within the corporate fenceline'. However, to address water issues 'outside the corporate fenceline' will require creative new public-private partnerships. Government's role is to provide sound framework conditions that will encourage businesses to invest time, staff and resources to address vital fresh water issues. Industry is committed to best practice within its internal operations and is ready to enter into partnerships to address broader fresh water issues.

Fractal Analysis of Global Fresh Water Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-92
Author(s):  
Randy Salazar ◽  
◽  
Josephine Petralba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fractal Analysis

scholarly journals Water Use Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
D. Burdinov
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Water Disposal

The stages of the water life cycle are considered not only in the water supply system, but also in the water disposal system. The pros and cons of various methods of disinfecting fresh water are examined. Particular attention is paid to the problems of water reserves not only in Russia, but also in the world. The problems of the water supply and sewage system in Russia are considered. Examples of solutions to these problems are provided.

Resource use and environmental impacts from beef production in eastern Australia investigated using life cycle assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wiedemann ◽  
Eugene McGahan ◽  
Caoilinn Murphy ◽  
Mingjia Yan
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Eastern Australia

Resource use and environmental impacts are important factors relating to the sustainability of beef production in Australia. This study used life cycle assessment to investigate impacts from grass-finished beef production in eastern Australia to the farm gate, reporting impacts per kilogram of liveweight (LW) produced. Mean fossil fuel energy demand was found to vary from 5.6 to 8.4 MJ/kg LW, mean estimated fresh water consumption from 117.9 to 332.4 L/kg LW and crop land occupation from 0.3 to 6.4 m2/kg LW. Mean greenhouse gas emissions ranged from 10.6 to 12.4 kg CO2-e/kg LW (excluding land use and direct land-use change emissions) and were not significantly different (P > 0.05) for export or domestic market classes. Enteric methane was the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, and multiple linear regression analysis revealed that weaning rate and average daily gain explained 80% of the variability in supply chain greenhouse gas emissions. Fresh water consumption was found to vary significantly among individual farms depending on climate, farm water supply efficiency and the use of irrigation. The impact of water use was measured using the stress-weighted water use indicator, and ranged from 8.4 to 104.2 L H2O-e/kg LW. The stress-weighted water use was influenced more by regional water stress than the volume of fresh water consumption. Land occupation was assessed with disaggregation of crop land, arable pasture land and non-arable land, which revealed that the majority of beef production utilised non-arable land that is unsuitable for most alternative food production systems.

scholarly journals Sustainable Water Use Considering Three Hungarian Dairy Farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virág Nagypál ◽  
Edit Mikó ◽  
Cecilia Hodúr
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
The Impact

Sustainable water management is one of the biggest challenges in the 21st century as availability of fresh water resources is under depletion. Growing population, extreme weather conditions (drought, fire, flood), and increasing global food demand all result in higher water consumption by humans. Assessing qualitative and quantitative deterioration of fresh water supplies is crucial in water scarcity areas. By identifying blue, green and grey water components, water use can be assessed in a more comprehensive way. Water use assessment on a dairy farm is influenced by several factors such as chosen breed, herd size, keeping, feeding and milking technology. Productivity level of milking cows, amount of daily milking and type of litter (straw or liquid manure) have impact on water use by technology and cattle. If these factors are assessed and their proportion within the total water use is identified or calculated, dairy farmers are able to analyze water management precisely and shift to more sustainable solutions. The aim of this research is to analyze and to compare the impact of different keeping systems, i.e., traditional and modern, and milking technologies, i.e., robotic milking system, parallel and polygon parlors, on the water use of dairy farms to give a guide to dairy experts and to find opportunities where water recycling/reuse might be applicable.

scholarly journals Blue water use and greenhouse gas emission in Dutch diets and its association with health

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reina Vellinga ◽  
Elisabeth HM. Temme ◽  
Mirjam van de Kamp ◽  
Ido B. Toxopeus ◽  
Caroline TM. van Rossum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Gas Emission

AbstractIntroductionFood consumption is important for population as well as planetary health. Globally, fresh water is a scarce resource. For both fresh water use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions a risk of exceeding the planetary boundaries exists. Food production accounts for approximately 90% of the global water footprint and for 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the Dutch food consumption patterns are evaluated for blue water use and greenhouse gas emission and its association with dietary quality (Dutch Healthy Diet index 2015).Materials and MethodsFood consumption was assessed, in 2012–2016, by two non-consecutive 24 h recalls, in Dutch children and adults aged 1–79 y (n = 4313) (www.wateetnederland.nl). Environmental impact of foods was quantified using life cycle assessment for e.g. indicators (blue) water use and GHG emission. For each participant aged ≥ 18 y (n = 2078), a score was calculated for the Dutch Healthy Diet 2015 index (DHD15) to quantify the quality of diet with respect to health. Statistical analyses were stratified for age and gender.ResultsDaily diets in the Netherlands were associated with 0.14 ± 0.10 m3 blue water use and 5.3 ± 2.4 kg CO2-equivalents GHG emission. Non-alcoholic beverages, nuts and fruits were most important food groups for use of blue water, and meat, dairy and non-alcoholic beverages for GHG emission. DHD15 score was 4.2 ± 1.5 for men and 4.9 ± 1.4 for women. Diets with a higher DHD15 score had a higher blue water use (r = 0.17) and a lower GHG emission (r = -0.35).DiscussionDifferent associations of environmental indicators (blue water use and GHG emission) with health aspects of diets need to be considered when aligning diets for health and sustainability.

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