scholarly journals Comparative Study on Biochemical Properties and Antioxidative Activity of Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) Protein Hydrolysates Produced by Alcalase and Bacillus licheniformis NH1 Proteases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafik Balti ◽  
Ali Bougatef ◽  
Nedra El Hadj Ali ◽  
Naourez Ktari ◽  
Kemel Jellouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Dependent Manner

Antioxidative activities and biochemical properties of protein hydrolysates prepared from cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) using Alcalase 2.4 L and Bacillus licheniformis NH1 proteases with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) were determined. For the biochemical properties, hydrolysis by both enzymes increased protein solubility to above 75% over a wide pH range. The antioxidant activities of cuttlefish protein hydrolysates (CPHs) increase with increasing DH. In addition, all CPHs exhibited antioxidative activity in a concentration-dependent manner. NH1-CPHs generally showed greater antioxidative activity than Alcalase protein hydrolysates (P<0.05) as indicated by the higher 1,1-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and ferrous chelating activity. Both Alcalase and NH1 protein hydrolysates were able to retard lipid peroxidation and β-carotene-linoleic acid oxidation. Alcalase-CPH (DH = 12.5%) and NH1-CPH (DH = 15%) contained 75.36% and 80.11% protein, respectively, with histidine and arginine as the major amino acids, followed by glutamic acid/glutamine, serine, lysine, and leucine. In addition, CPHs have a high percentage of essential amino acids made up 48.85% and 50.04%. Cuttlefish muscle protein hydrolysates had a high nutritional value and could be used as supplement to poorly balanced dietary proteins.

scholarly journals Estimation of Total Quercetin and Rutin Content in Malus domestica of Nepalese Origin by HPLC Method and Determination of Their Antioxidative Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jitendra Pandey ◽  
Tonking Bastola ◽  
Julu Tripathi ◽  
Milu Tripathi ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Rokaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Malus domestica (Apple) is one of the most widely cultivated cash crops of Nepal. Jumla and Mustang are two major pocket areas for the production of apple. Flavonoids including quercetin and rutin are potent antioxidants present in apples. This study was designed to quantify and compare the presence of quercetin and rutin in different plant parts (peel, leaf, and bark) among various cultivars of Malus domestica from two pocket zones of Nepal. A new HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for the quantification of quercetin and rutin. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and carbohydrate contents were determined by colorimetric methods. 2,2′-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay was carried out to measure in vitro antioxidative activity. Acid hydrolysis of each extract was carried out by the standard method to measure aglycone quercetin content after hydrolysis of its glycosides. The total rutin content ranged from 3.69 ± 1.34 to 374.50 ± 2.35 mg/100g dry extract weight. Before the acidic hydrolysis, the total quercetin content ranged from 2.96 ± 0.13 to 171.05 ± 0.95 mg/100g dry extract weight whereas its amount increased highly after the hydrolysis and it ranged from 80.84 ± 19.65 to 7445.32 ± 29.25 mg/100g dry extract weight. Total polyphenol content ranged from 19.48 ± 0.23 to 123.48 ± 1.84 µg gallic acid equivalent/mg of dry extract weight. Similarly, flavonoid content ranged from 2.21 ± 0.72 µg to 755.54 ± 1.91 µg quercetin equivalent/mg of dry extract weight. Total carbohydrate content ranged from 144.15 ± 3.73 to 484.65 ± 2.63 µg glucose equivalent per 0.5 mg dry extract weight. All the extracts showed the various degrees of antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, stem bark of the Jonathan Jumla showed potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 13.003 µg/mL. The present study provides the information about variation of the phytochemical content among the different cultivars, parts, and geographic locations. Furthermore, it revealed that bark of Malus domestica cultivars had high quercetin and rutin content with high antioxidant activity.

Antioxidative Activity of Protein Hydrolysates from Spanish Mackerel by Alcalase

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 2890-2893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Juan Xiong ◽  
Li Jun Ding ◽  
Xue Ling Lai
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Antioxidant Peptide ◽  
Spanish Mackerel ◽  
Radical Scavenging Properties ◽  
Linoleic Acid Emulsion

To utilize low-value fish, Spanish mackerel protein was hydrolyzed using alcalase for production of antioxidant peptide. The antioxidant activities of antioxidant peptide from Spanish mackerel protein were evaluated. Results: The radical-scavenging properties on hydroxyl and superoxide of protein hydrolysates were 53.11% and 23.1%. And their reducing power was increased with the peptide content of the hydrolysates. The hydrolysates significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid emulsion system, and effectively inhibit autoxidation of linoleic acid; and the inhibition ability increased with the increasing of peptide content in hydrolysates. The hydrolysates inhibited the activity of LOX to a certain extent. Conclusion: The hydrolysates from Spanish mackerel protein exhibited high antioxidative activity.

Hemodialysis stimulates muscle and whole body protein loss and alters substrate oxidation

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. E107-E116 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Alp Ikizler ◽  
Lara B. Pupim ◽  
John R. Brouillette ◽  
Deanna K. Levenhagen ◽  
Kali Farmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Protein Calorie Malnutrition

The hemodialysis (HD) procedure has been implicated as a potential catabolic factor predisposing the chronic HD (CHD) patients to protein calorie malnutrition. To assess the potential effects of HD on protein and energy metabolism, we studied 11 CHD patients 2 h before, during, and 2 h after HD by use of primed constant infusion of l-[1-13C]leucine andl-[ ring-2H5]phenylalanine. Our results showed that HD led to increased whole body (10%) and muscle protein (133%) proteolysis. Simultaneously, whole body protein synthesis did not change, and forearm synthesis increased (120%). The net result was increased net whole body protein loss (96%) and net forearm protein loss (164%). During the 2-h post-HD period, the muscle protein breakdown trended toward baseline, whereas whole body protein breakdown increased further. Substrate oxidation during the post-HD was significantly altered, with diminished carbohydrate and accelerated lipid and amino acid oxidation. These data demonstrate that hemodialysis is an overall catabolic event, decreasing the circulating amino acids, accelerating rates of whole body and muscle proteolysis, stimulating muscle release of amino acids, and elevating net whole body and muscle protein loss.

Precolumn Phenylisothiocyanate Derivatization and Liquid Chromatography of Amino Acids in Food

1989 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 912-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R Hagen ◽  
Beverly Frost ◽  
Jorg Augustin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Abstract A precolumn phenylisothiocyanate derivatization method is described for the determination of amino acids in protein hydrolysates from a wide variety of complex food matrixes, with and without performic acid oxidation pretreatment. Analysis of samples that were not pretreated with performic acid was necessary since this pretreatment destroyed an average of 25% of the histidine and 87% of the tyrosine present in the food samples. This method is rapid and reproducible; coefficients of variation between duplicate analyses of the same food item were less than 5% for a majority of the amino acids. Occasionally, variation between duplicate analyses for histidine and tyrosine was greater than 10%. Recoveries of amino acids added to samples were in the 100% range.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antioxidant, antibacterial efficacy of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
M Nasiruddin ◽  
Shankar Narayan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner

The emergent medicinal plant Gynura procumbens to the greatest extent familiar in Bangladesh, India, Thailand and Southeast Asia. The plant usually used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases along with diabetes mellitus. The present investigation was try to display screen qualitative and quantitative phytochemical compositions of ethanol extract of Gynura procumbens leaves as an instance soluble sugar, total amino acids, protein, chlorophyll, flavonoids, tannins, phenol as standard techniques and antioxidant activity as DPPH radical scavenging assay and compare the antibacterial activity by using agar well diffusion method. Qualitative evaluation exhibit present of most of the phytochemicals and quantitative evaluation revealed primary chemical constituents consisting of amino acids (16.34 mg/g), soluble sugar (1.81 mg/g), total chlorophyll (0.52 mg/g), chlorophyll-a (0.34 mg/g), chlorophyll-b (0.145 mg/g) and lowest amount of phytochemical turned into protein (0.12 mg/g). Secondary chemical constituents together with flavonoids (30.32 mg/g), phenols (10.17 mg/g) and tannin (0.96 mg/g). The observation also confirmed great antioxidant activity in a concentration dependent manner via the scavenging of 1, 1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Result confirmed that, the studied sample has high antioxidant efficacy. The antibacterial interest confirmed as negative effects in all bacteria’s tested. These results advise that Gynura extract is a good herbal supply of bioactive compounds. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 187-195

scholarly journals Metabolic and Physiological Roles of Branched-Chain Amino Acids

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Monirujjaman ◽  
Afroza Ferdouse
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Protein Loss

Branch chain amino acids (BCAAs) have unique properties with diverse physiological and metabolic roles. They have functions other than simple nutrition. Different diseases including metabolic disease lead to protein loss, especially muscle protein. Supplementation of BCAAs promotes protein synthesis and reduces break down, as well as improving disease conditions. They are important regulators of mTOR signaling pathway and regulate protein synthesis as well as protein turnover. BCAAs facilitate glucose uptake by liver and SK muscle and also enhance glycogen synthesis. Oxidation of BCAAs seems to be beneficial for metabolic health as their catabolism increases fatty acid oxidation and reduces risk of obesity. BCAAs are also important in immunity, brain function, and other physiological aspects of well-being. All three BCAAs are absolutely required for lymphocyte growth and proliferation. They are also important for proper immune cell function. BCAAs may influence brain protein synthesis, and production of energy and may influence synthesis of different neurotransmitters. BCAAs can be used therapeutically and future studies may be directed to investigating the diverse effects of BCAAs in different tissues and their signaling pathways.

Application of Protein or Protein Hydrolysates to Improve Postexercise Recovery

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (s1) ◽  
pp. S104-S117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc J.C. van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Protein Balance ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Repletion ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Protein, protein hydrolysates, and amino acids have become popular ingredients in sports nutrition. The use of protein, protein hydrolysates, and amino acid mixtures has multiple applications when aiming to improve post exercise recovery. After exhaustive endurance-type exercise, muscle glycogen repletion is the most important factor determining the time needed to recover. Coingestion of relatively small amounts of protein and/or amino acids with carbohydrate can be used to augment postprandial insulin secretion and accelerate muscle glycogen synthesis rates. Furthermore, it has been well established that ingesting protein, protein hydrolysates, and amino acid can stimulate protein synthesis and inhibit protein breakdown and, as such, improve net muscle protein balance after resistance- or endurance-type exercise. The latter has been suggested to lead to a more effective adaptive response to each successive exercise bout. To augment net muscle protein accretion, athletes involved in resistance-type exercise generally ingest both protein and carbohydrate during post exercise recovery. However, carbohydrate ingestion after resistance-type exercise does not seem to be warranted to further stimulate muscle protein synthesis or improve whole-body protein balance when ample protein has already been ingested. Because resistance-type exercise is also associated with a substantial reduction in muscle glycogen content, it would be preferred to coingest some carbohydrate when aiming to accelerate glycogen repletion. More research is warranted to assess the impact of ingesting different proteins, protein hydrolysates, and/or amino acids on muscle protein accretion after exercise.

Ecological and physiological as well as biochemical properties of representatives of the Genus sedum L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
O. I. Dzjuba ◽  
M. V. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

The article deals with the history of the study and the current state of research of physiological and biochemical properties of the plant genus Sedum that are useful for human and has been used in folk medicine for many years. It was noticed that antioxidant properties of extracts from plants S. sarmentosum, S. sempervivoides, S. takesimense were caused by the presence of phenolic compounds. Methanol extract of plants S. takesimense exhibited strong scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and superoxide radicals as well as significant inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation and low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation induced by a metal ion Cu2+. Various immunomodulatory activities of various fractions of plants extracts (S. dendroideum, S. kamtschaticum, S. sarmentosum, S. telephium) are observed. It was shown that the ethanol extract of S. sarmentosum and it’s fractions suppressed specific antibody and cellular responses to ovalbumin in mice. The methanol extract of plants S. sarmentosum reduced the levels of anti-inflammatory markers, such as volume of exudates, number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, suppressed nitric oxide synthesis in activated macrophages via suppressed induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Polysaccharides fractions from plants S. telephium inducing productions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), increasing the intensity of phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo. Methanol extract from the whole part of S. kamtschaticum strongly inhibit PGE2 production from lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line via modulating activity in gene expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The methanol extract of plants S. sarmentosum and the major kaempferol glycosides from S. dendroideum have antinociceptive activity. It was noticed that anti-adipogenic activity of extracts from plants S. kamtschaticum were caused by inhibition of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression and it’s dependent target genes, such as genes encoding adipocyte protein 2 (аР2), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adiponectin and CD36. Polysaccharides fractions from S. telephium cause inhibition of cell adhesion of human fibroblast (MRC5) to laminin and fibronectin via interfere with integrin-mediated cell behaviour and they contributed to the role of polysaccharides in cell-matrix interaction. The methanol extract of plants S. sarmentosum exhibited a significant inhibitory activity in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. The crude alkaloid fraction of S. sarmentosum caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation on murine hepatoma cell line BNL CL.2 and human hepatoma cell line HepG2 without necrosis or apoptosis. Alkaloids from plants S. sarmentosum may improve survival of hepatoma patients via the inhibition of excessive growth of tumor cells. Plant’s juices have antiviral activity (S. sarmentosum, S. spurium, S. stahlii). Crude ethanol extract S. praealtum have spermicidal activity of the in mice and a relevant inhibitory effect of aqueous extract on human spermatozoa motility as well as an anti-fertilizing activity in rats. Hepatoprotective triterpenes, e.g., δ-amyrone, 3-epi-δ-amyrin, δ-amyrin and sarmentolin were isolated from S. sarmentosum. 2- and 2,6-substituted piperidine alkaloids (e.g., norsedamine, allosedridine, sedamine, allosedamine) are observed in plants S. acre, which in the presence of data on the use of pyridine and piperidine derivatives for treating neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), points on the promising research in this area. Taking into account that biologically active compounds are accumulated in the aboveground vegetative organs of plants of Sedum, the prospects of further study of the use of Sedum for the purposes of biotechnology and in the pharmaceutical industry becomes apparent. This work extends the existing views regarding the use of plants Sedum.

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