Immunohistochemical Analysis of Alveolar Bone Preserved with Autologous Teeth Graft. Osteopontin Expression and its Regulatory Functions in Preserved Alveolar Ridge

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to assess whether alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) can reduce the need of ridge augmentation at posterior tooth sites. Material and methods This study enrolled patients who received dental implants at posterior tooth sites during 2013–2019. Demographic data and dental treatment histories were collected. Based on healing patterns after tooth extraction, patients were divided into ARP and spontaneous healing (SH) groups. Three surgical treatment plans were devised according to the alveolar bone volume on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The three treatment plans were to perform implant alone, simultaneous guided bone regeneration (GBR) and implantation, and staged GBR before implantation. Statistical analyses were performed to determine relationships. Results There were 92 implant records in the ARP group and 249 implant records in the SH group. A significant intergroup difference was observed regarding the frequency distribution of the treatment modality of staged GBR before implant (χ2 = 15.07, p = 0.0005). Based on the implant alone treatment modality and simple logistic regression, the SH pattern was related to staged GBR before implant (SH vs. ARP: crude odds ratio (OR) = 4.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.15–11.61, p = 0.0003). After adjusting confounding factors, the risk was still significant (adjusted OR = 5.02, 95% CI = 2.26–12.85, p = 0.0002). Conclusions The study results suggested that ARP is more likely to lead to the treatment modality of implant alone and reduce the need for staged GBR before implantation. Clinical relevance This study describes ARP capable of minimizing the need for staged GBR before implantation and shortening the treatment duration.

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Efficacy of Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0022034520905660 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 402-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Avila-Ortiz ◽

M. Gubler ◽

M. Romero-Bustillos ◽

C.L. Nicholas ◽

M.B. Zimmerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tooth Extraction ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Ridge Preservation ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Bone Augmentation ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Alveolar Ridge Preservation

Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) therapy is indicated to attenuate the physiologic resorptive events that occur as a consequence of tooth extraction with the purpose of facilitating tooth replacement therapy. This randomized controlled trial was primarily aimed at testing the efficacy of ARP as compared with unassisted socket healing. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effect that local phenotypic factors play in the volumetric reduction of the alveolar bone. A total of 53 subjects completed the study. Subjects were randomized into either the control group, which involved only tooth extraction (EXT n = 27), or the experimental group, which received ARP using a combination of socket grafting with a particulate bone allograft and socket sealing with a nonabsorbable membrane (dPTFE) following tooth extraction (ARP n = 26). A set of clinical, linear, volumetric, implant-related, and patient-reported outcomes were assessed during a 14-wk healing period. All linear bone assessments (horizontal, midbuccal, and midlingual reduction) revealed that ARP is superior to EXT. Likewise, volumetric bone resorption was significantly higher in the control group (mean ± SD: EXT = −15.83% ± 4.48%, ARP = −8.36% ± 3.81%, P < 0.0001). Linear regression analyses revealed that baseline buccal bone thickness is a strong predictor of alveolar bone resorption in both groups. Interestingly, no significant differences in terms of soft tissue contour change were observed between groups. Additional bone augmentation to facilitate implant placement in a prosthetically acceptable position was deemed necessary in 48.1% of the EXT sites and only 11.5% of the ARP sites ( P < 0.004). Assessment of perceived postoperative discomfort at each follow-up visit revealed a progressive decrease over time, which was comparable between groups. Although some extent of alveolar ridge remodeling occurred in both groups, ARP therapy was superior to EXT as it was more efficacious in the maintenance of alveolar bone and reduced the estimated need for additional bone augmentation at the time of implant placement (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01794806).

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Bone dehiscence formation during orthodontic tooth movement through atrophic alveolar ridges

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/063019-443.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 321-329

Author(s):

Adilson Luiz Ramos ◽

Monique Cimão dos Santos ◽

Márcio Rodrigues de Almeida ◽

Carlos Flores Mir

Keyword(s):

Null Hypothesis ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Bone Height

ABSTRACT Objectives To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in bone dehiscence formation before and after orthodontic tooth movement through an atrophic alveolar ridge. Material and Methods This longitudinal retrospective study evaluated pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography imaging of 15 adult patients. Twenty-five teeth were moved through the atrophic alveolar bone, whereas 25 teeth not subjected to translational movement were considered controls. The distances between the cementoenamel junction and the alveolar bone crest were assessed at the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces of all of these teeth. Data were compared using the Wilcoxon test. The Spearman correlation test and multivariate linear regression analysis were also performed. Results In general, crestal bone height was reduced around 0.5 mm in all groups in every direction. Median buccal dehiscence increased significantly (+2.25 mm) (P < .05) in teeth moved through the atrophic ridge. Control teeth also had buccal crest loss (+0.83 mm), but this was not statistically different from that of the experimental teeth. Lingual dehiscence increased significantly for the experimental (+0.17 mm) and control (+0.65 mm) groups. Mesial bone height decreased more in the control group (–0.44mm) than in the experimental group (–0.14mm). There was moderate correlation between amount of tooth movement and alveolar bone loss. Conclusions The null hypothesis was rejected as dehiscence increased after tooth movement through an atrophic alveolar ridge, mainly in the buccal plate.

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Surgical Approaches Based on Biological Objectives: GTR versus GBR Techniques

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2013/521547 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Gaia Pellegrini ◽

Giorgio Pagni ◽

Giulio Rasperini

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ◽

Biological Basis ◽

Ridge Augmentation

Guided tissue regenerative (GTR) therapies are performed to regenerate the previously lost tooth supporting structure, thus maintaining the aesthetics and masticatory function of the available dentition. Alveolar ridge augmentation procedures (GBR) intend to regain the alveolar bone lost following tooth extraction and/or periodontal disease. Several biomaterials and surgical approaches have been proposed. In this paper we report biomaterials and surgical techniques used for periodontal and bone regenerative procedures. Particular attention will be adopted to highlight the biological basis for the different therapeutic approaches.

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Alveolar Ridge Preservation Using Xenogeneic Collagen Matrix and Bone Allograft

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2014/172854 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreas O. Parashis ◽

Charalampos J. Kalaitzakis ◽

Dimitris N. Tatakis ◽

Konstantinos Tosios

Keyword(s):

Bone Allograft ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Collagen Matrix ◽

Normal Mucosa ◽

Ridge Preservation ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Keratinized Tissue ◽

Alveolar Ridge Preservation ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Atraumatic Extraction

Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) has been shown to prevent postextraction bone loss. The aim of this report is to highlight the clinical, radiographic, and histological outcomes following use of a bilayer xenogeneic collagen matrix (XCM) in combination with freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) for ARP. Nine patients were treated after extraction of 18 teeth. Following minimal flap elevation and atraumatic extraction, sockets were filled with FDBA. The XCM was adapted to cover the defect and 2-3 mm of adjacent bone and flaps were repositioned. Healing was uneventful in all cases, the XCM remained in place, and any matrix exposure was devoid of further complications. Exposed matrix portions were slowly vascularized and replaced by mature keratinized tissue within 2-3 months. Radiographic and clinical assessment indicated adequate volume of bone for implant placement, with all planned implants placed in acceptable positions. When fixed partial dentures were placed, restorations fulfilled aesthetic demands without requiring further augmentation procedures. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis from 9 sites (4 patients) indicated normal mucosa with complete incorporation of the matrix and absence of inflammatory response. The XCM + FDBA combination resulted in minimal complications and desirable soft and hard tissue therapeutic outcomes, suggesting the feasibility of this approach for ARP.

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Preservation or reconstruction of the Peri-implant bone- A Review

The Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.31254/dentistry.2020.5308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 144-146

Author(s):

Shamila Shetty K ◽

◽

R.K Nishith ◽

Misha Rose Mathew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Dental Implant ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Biophysical Process ◽

Implant Therapy ◽

Teeth Extraction

The main biological and biophysical process that has made dental implant therapy predictably successful for replacing missing teeth is Osseointegration. Teeth extraction is done for several purposes, often without any consideration for the preservation of the alveolar ridge. Alveolar bone post-extraction changes have been estimated to cause a 50% decrease in alveolar bone buccolingual width, and a further loss in height. This review will go through various techniques of ARP and bone regeneration techniques and explore the best way to obtain the best outcomes after implant placement.

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Alveolar arch shapes and its relation to complete denture retention

Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society ◽

10.24815/jds.v5i1.18426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

Theresia Tarigan ◽

Ismet Danial Nasution

Keyword(s):

Alveolar Bone ◽

Complete Denture ◽

Class I ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Class Iii ◽

Facial Musculature ◽

Arch Forms ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Arch Shape ◽

Alveolar Arch

The alveolar ridge consists of denture bearing mucosa, sub-mucosa and periosteum, and residual alveolar bone. After tooth extraction, the remaining alveolar bone undergoes a remodeling process that leads to morphological reduction and alteration, which results in the change in alveolar ridge forms. However, it does not change alveolar arch shapes. This literature review aimed to analyze the relationship of alveolar arch shapes with complete denture retention. According to House (1958), alveolar arch shapes classified into three classes: Class I-square, Class II-tapering, Class III-ovoid. Those three alveolar arch shapes have a difference in the denture bearing area, with the largest denture bearing site on Class I-Square alveolar arch shape. Some factors that influence complete denture retention are adhesion, cohesion, interfacial force, oral and facial musculature, atmospheric pressure, undercut, rotational insertion path, parallel walls, and gravity. The alveolar arch shapes can affect retention regarding the size of the denture bearing area.The alveolar arch forms with a wider denture bearing area provide more considerable surface contact between the denture and mucous membranes. The forces resulting from those factors of retention might produce more excellent complete denture retention. The square arch shape is the alveolar arch shape with the largest denture bearing area. Hence, the square arch shape is believed to have the best complete denture retention.KEYWORDS: arch shape; retention; complete denture; denture bearing area

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Immunohistochemical analysis of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth seeded in carbonate apatite scaffold for the alveolar bone defect in Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus)

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.25009.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 1164

Author(s):

Tania Saskianti ◽

Alexander Patera Nugraha ◽

Chiquita Prahasanti ◽

Diah Savitri Ernawati ◽

Ketut Suardita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Carbonate Apatite ◽

Rankl Expression ◽

Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Background: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) seeded in carbonate apatite scaffold (CAS) may have multiple functions that could be used to regenerate the alveolar bone defects. The purpose of this study is to examine the ability of SHED and CAS in alveolar bone defects using an immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: ten three-month-old healthy male Wistar rats (R. novergicus) that weighed between 150–250 grams (g) were used as animal models. A simple blind random sampling method was used to select the sample that was assigned to the study group for CAS and SHED seeded in CAS (n=5). The animal study model of the alveolar bone was established by extracting the anterior mandible teeth. Rodent anesthesia was applied to relieve the pain during the procedure for all test animals. Immunohistochemistry was performed after seven days to facilitate the examination of the receptor activator of NF-κβ ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegrin (OPG), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and osteopontin expression. The data was analyzed using the unpaired t-test (p<0.01) and Pearson’s correlation test (p<0.05). Results: The OPG, RUNX2, TGF-β, VEGF, ALP, osteocalcin, and ostepontin expressions were higher in SHED seeded in CAS than CAS only with a significant difference between the groups (p<0.01). Furthermore, the RANKL expression was lower in SHED seeded in CAS compared to CAS only. There was a strong reverse significant correlation between OPG and RANKL expression (p<0.05). Conclusions: The number of osteogenic marker expressing cells, such as OPG, RUNX2, TGF-β, VEGF, ALP, osteocalcin, and ostepontin, increased. However, RANKL expression in the alveolar bone defects that were implanted with SHED seeded in CAS did not increase after seven days.

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Safe zones of the maxillary alveolar bone in Down syndrome for orthodontic miniscrew placement assessed with cone-beam computed tomography

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49345-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jacobo Limeres Posse ◽

María Teresa Abeleira Pazos ◽

María Fernández Casado ◽

Mercedes Outumuro Rial ◽

Pedro Diz Dios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Control Group ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Second Molar ◽

Areas Of Interest

Abstract The aim of this study was to quantify the available maxillary alveolar bone in a group of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) to determine the best areas for orthodontic miniscrew placement. The study group consisted of 40 patients with DS aged 12–30 years. We also selected an age and sex-matched control group. All measurements were performed on cross-sectional images obtained with cone-beam computed tomography. The selected areas of interest were the 4 interradicular spaces between the distal wall of the canine and the mesial wall of the second molar, in both maxillary quadrants. We measured the vestibular-palatine (VP) and mesiodistal (MD) dimensions to depths of 3, 6 and 9 mm from the alveolar ridge. We also measured the bone density in the same interradicular spaces of interest to 6 mm of depth from the alveolar crest. VP measurements were longer in the more posterior sectors and as the distance from the alveolar ridge increased. MD measurements also increased progressively as the distance from the alveolar ridge increased. In general, both the VP and MD measurements in the DS group were similar among the male and female participants. As age increased, the MD distance increased, while the VP distance decreased. The VP distance was ≥6 mm in at least 75% of the DS group in practically all assessed interdental spaces. The MD distance was ≥2 mm in at least 75% of the DS group only between the first and second molar, to 9 mm of depth from the alveolar ridge. The safe area for inserting orthodontic miniscrews in DS patients is restricted to the most posterior and deepest area of the maxillary alveolar bone.

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Animal Experimental Study on Repair of Alveolar Bone Defect with Double-Pipe Biphase Bioceramic Polyetheretherketone Composite

Journal of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.1166/jbt.2020.2396 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1236-1241

Author(s):

Wei Wang ◽

Pengtao Zhang ◽

Yuqi Zhou ◽

Yuzhu Jia ◽

Lei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Bone Repair ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Control Group ◽

Alveolar Ridge ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Repair Rate ◽

Bone Injury ◽

Injury Model ◽

Ridge Height

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has the advantages of good biocompatibility, thus become a widely used bone remodeling material. Bioceramics are also highly effective bone repair materials. However, the repairing effect of biphasic bioceramics combined with polyetheretherketone composites on alveolar bone defects has not been elucidated. SD rats were separated into control group that was established as alveolar bone injury model; PEEK group that the alveolar bone injury model was repaired with polyether ether ketone; and composite group that alveolar bone injury model was repaired with double-tube biphase bioceramic/polyetheretherketone. After 8 weeks of treatment, the bone mineral density (BMD) changes were assessed by X-ray absorptiometry. HE staining was used to analyze the changes of tooth defect. The change of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content was analyzed. Real-time PCR was performed to measure osteogenic factors Opn and Runx2 expressions. Serum BMP-2 level was analyzed by ELISA. The alveolar ridge height was compared and the alveolar bone repair rate was calculated. In the PEEK group and the composite group, BMD was significantly increased, bone was repaired, Runx2 and Opn mRNA expression was upregulated and ALP activity was enhanced along with elevated BMP-2 secretion, alveolar ridge height and bone repair rate compared to control group (P < 0 05). The composite group exhibited more significant changes compared with PEEK group (P < 0 05). Double-tube biphasic bioceramic/polyetheretherketone composites can repair alveolar bone defects, promote osteogenic differentiation, induce BMP-2 secretion, enhance bone density, and accelerate alveolar bone repair.

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