Potassium permanganate ingestion as a suicide attempt

Potassium permanganate is a highly corrosive, water-soluble oxidizing antiseptic. A 68- year-old female patient was admitted to our Emergency Department after ingestion of 3 tablets of 250 mg potassium permanganate as a suicide attempt. The physical exam revealed brown stained lesions in the oropharynx. Emergency endoscopy was performed by the gastroenterologist after the third hour of ingestion. Emergency endoscopy revealed multiple superficial (Grade I-II) lesions on the esophagus and cardia, which were considered secondary to the caustic substance. The mainstay in the treatment of potassium permanganate is supportive and the immediate priority is to secure the airway. Emergency endoscopy is an important tool used to evaluate the location and severity of injury to the esophagus, stomach and duodenum after caustic ingestion. Patients with signs and symptoms of intentional ingestion should undergo endoscopy within 12 to 24 h to define the extent of the disease.

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The costs of functional gastrointestinal disorders and related signs and symptoms in infants: a systematic literature review and cost calculation for England

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015594 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. e015594 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

James Mahon ◽

Carlos Lifschitz ◽

Thomas Ludwig ◽

Nikhil Thapar ◽

Julie Glanville ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Third Party ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Party Payer ◽

The Third ◽

The Cost

ObjectivesTo estimate the cost of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and related signs and symptoms in infants to the third party payer and to parents.Study designTo estimate the cost of illness (COI) of infant FGIDs, a two-stage process was applied: a systematic literature review and a COI calculation. As no pertinent papers were found in the systematic literature review, a ‘de novo’ analysis was performed. For the latter, the potential costs for the third party payer (the National Health Service (NHS) in England) and for parents/carers for the treatment of FGIDs in infants were calculated, by using publicly available data. In constructing the calculation, estimates and assumptions (where necessary) were chosen to provide a lower bound (minimum) of the potential overall cost. In doing so, the interpretation of the calculation is that the true COI can be no lower than that estimated.ResultsOur calculation estimated that the total costs of treating FGIDs in infants in England were at least £72.3 million per year in 2014/2015 of which £49.1 million was NHS expenditure on prescriptions, community care and hospital treatment. Parents incurred £23.2 million in costs through purchase of over the counter remedies.ConclusionsThe total cost presented here is likely to be a significant underestimate as only lower bound estimates were used where applicable, and for example, costs of alternative therapies, inpatient treatments or diagnostic tests, and time off work by parents could not be adequately estimated and were omitted from the calculation. The number and kind of prescribed products and products sold over the counter to treat FGIDs suggest that there are gaps between treatment guidelines, which emphasise parental reassurance and nutritional advice, and their implementation.

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Water Soluble Pleurotus ostreatus Polysaccharide Down-Regulates the Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Caco-2 Cells

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4129305 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 553

Author(s):

Sabina COJOCARU ◽

Mihaela RADU ◽

Liviu Gabriel BODEA ◽

Mirela Mihaela CIMPEANU ◽

Gogu GHEORGHITA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Gelatin Zymography ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Colon Cancer Cells ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Kinetic Measurements ◽

The Third

Many polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes isolated from mushrooms have immunomodulatory and anti-cancer effects. Our aim was to study the regulatory mechanisms of Caco-2 cell response to water soluble P. ostreatus polysaccharide extract up to 72 hours. Specific enzymatic activities were assessed by kinetic measurements. The reduced glutathione content and the lipid peroxidation level were also analyzed. Protein expression of several heat shock proteins, Bcl-2 and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 were revealed by Western blot. Gelatin zymography assay was used to evaluate the MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. Until the third day of exposure the total SOD activity decreased continuously by 30%, whereas GST and GR ones diminished by 17% respectively 30.5% compared to control. No significant changes were observed in CAT and G6PDH specific activities as well as in GSH and MDA concentration. After the third day of exposure a significant up-regulation of Hsp60 and Hsp90 expression and a down-regulation of Hsp70 one were registered. Bcl-2 protein levels were down-regulated by 50% in the first day of treatment but increased after 3 days. MMP-2 and 9 secretion in the culture medium was significantly reduced suggesting a diminished ability of invasion of colon cancer cells. Our data revealed that in vitro treatment with P. ostreatus aqueous polysaccharide extract does not induce apoptosis in Caco-2 cell line but it could inhibit the invasion of colon cancer cells through the basement membrane.

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ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS IN NEGROID INFANTS

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v3.4.414.414 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 414-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. S. WIENER ◽

I. B. WEXLER

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

The Third ◽

Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Abstract Three cases of Negroid infants with clinical signs and symptoms resembling erythroblastosis fetalis were presented. In none of the cases was there any evidence of Rh sensitization. Two of the cases were apparently due to sensitization of the mother to the B agglutinogen; in the third case no serologic incompatibility could be demonstrated. The possible significance of these observations was discussed.

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Anwendung einer neuen Methode zur Bestimmung der Wasser löslichen Salze in Baudenkmalen zur Analyse der dritten Pyramide in Giza, Ägypten / Application of a New Method to Determine Water-soluble Salts in Monuments Applied to the Third Pyramid at Giza, Egypt

Restoration of Buildings and Monuments ◽

10.1515/rbm-2009-6280 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

T. Nazel

Keyword(s):

Water Soluble ◽

New Method ◽

Soluble Salts ◽

The Third

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BROWN HEART IN RUTABAGAS GROWN ON SOUTHERN ONTARIO SOILS

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss74-023 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 171-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽

I. HUSSAIN

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Hot Water ◽

Clear Relationship ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

The Third ◽

K Concentration ◽

Fourth Experiment ◽

Root Tissues ◽

Heart Condition

Brown heart sometimes occurs in rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill.) grown on some southern Ontario soils even though a recommended quantity of B fertilizer has been applied. Fourteen field experiments were conducted on growers' fields over a 4-yr period to determine the cause of this phenomenon. Brown heart occurred when the hot-water-soluble B content of the soil decreased below approximately 1.3 ppm although there were a few exceptions. An application of 4.5 kg B/ha as borax did not completely overcome the brown-heart condition in a majority of the experiments. The B concentration in the third or fourth leaf from the centre of the whorl was not related to brown-heart incidence. However, it was found that a B concentration of less than 18 ppm in the roots was generally associated with brown-heart incidence. Although there was no clear relationship between the Ca/B ratio in the leaf blades and brown-heart incidence, there was an increase in brown-heart incidence as the Ca/B ratio in the roots increased above 170. In three experiments, an application of 224 kg Na/ha as NaCl significantly increased brown-heart incidence, whereas in a fourth experiment there was a significant decrease. There was some evidence that the Na may slightly decrease the B concentration. Also the Ca concentration increased as the Na concentration increased in rutabaga tissues thereby affecting the Ca/B ratio and possibly brown-heart incidence. There was also evidence that, in the root tissues, the Ca/B ratio was inversely related to the K concentration. It was concluded that the effectiveness of B in decreasing brown-heart incidence was related to the Ca concentration in rutabaga plants.

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The effect of grazing severity and fertiliser application during winter on herbage regrowth and quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea06037 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 825 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. M. Lee ◽

D. J. Donaghy ◽

J. R. Roche

Keyword(s):

Water Soluble ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Initial Water ◽

The Third ◽

Appearance Rate ◽

Leaf Appearance Rate ◽

N Treatment ◽

Fertiliser Application ◽

Tiller Density ◽

Leaf Appearance

The objective of the current study was to quantify the effects of greater herbage residuals in winter on leaf appearance rate, herbage accumulation and quality, and plant energy reserves, as well as quantifying the effects nitrogen (N), or phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) fertilisers had on the above measures. Ten pasture areas were grazed to different residual masses (1260 ± 101 and 1868 ± 139 kg DM/ha, Severe and Lax, respectively) over five consecutive days by dry dairy cows. Two randomly located subplots within each grazing area were fertilised with either 50 kg N/ha (N treatment) or 50 kg N/ha, 31 kg S/ha plus 26 kg P/ha (N + S + P treatment) on the day immediately following defoliation (day 1), and were compared with a control subplot. Neither growth rate (15.1 ± 8.1 kg DM/ha.day), nor leaf appearance rate (15.1 ± 0.3 days per new leaf) differed between treatments. As a result, herbage accumulated over the 49 days of regrowth was similar across grazing treatments and averaged 726 kg DM/ha. Application of N + S + P tended to increase total herbage accumulated during regrowth compared with either the control or N treatment subplots (860 v. 675 and 643 kg DM/ha, respectively), likely a result of increased tiller density. Swards defoliated more severely had lower initial water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations compared with swards laxly defoliated, but this difference had disappeared before appearance of the third new leaf. Herbage quality improved in the Severe treatment subplots after emergence of the third new leaf, with higher digestibility, greater WSC and metabolisable energy, and lower fibre content than in laxly grazed subplots.

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Technical strategies for the transcallosal transforaminal approach to third ventricle tumors: expanding the operative corridor

Journal of Neurosurgery Pediatrics ◽

10.3171/2014.6.peds1452 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 365-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Prayash Patel ◽

Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol ◽

Frederick Boop ◽

Paul Klimo

Keyword(s):

Short Term Memory ◽

Third Ventricle ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Easy Method ◽

Foramen Of Monro ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

The Third ◽

Transforaminal Approach ◽

Common Group

Object There are a number of surgical approaches to the third ventricle, each with advantages and disadvantages. Which approach to use depends on the location of the lesion within the ventricle, the goals of the operation, and the surgeon's experience. The authors present their results in children with a modified approach through the expanded foramen of Monro. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to identify and analyze all children who underwent what the authors term the “expanded transforaminal” approach to the third ventricle between 2010 and 2013. Perioperative data included patient demographics, signs and symptoms on presentation, tumor characteristics (type, origin, and size), complications, and clinical and radiographic outcome at final follow-up. Results Twelve patients were identified (5 female, 7 male) with a mean age of 9 years (range 2–19 years). Two patients underwent gross-total resections, whereas 10 resections were less than total. There were no instances of venous infarction, significant intraoperative bleeding, or short-term memory deficits. Of the 12 patients, 7 suffered a total of 17 complications. Disruption of neuroendocrine function occurred in 4 patients: 2 with transient diabetes insipidus, 2 with permanent panhypopituitarism, and 1 with central hypothroidism (1 patient had 2 complications). The most common group of complications were CSF-related, including 2 patients requiring a new shunt. There was 1 approach-related injury to the fornix, which did not result in any clinical deficits. One child with an aggressive malignancy died of tumor progression 6 months after surgery. Of the remaining 11 patients, none have experienced tumor recurrence or progression to date. Conclusions The expanded transcallosal transforaminal approach is a safe and relatively easy method of exploiting a natural pathway to the third ventricle, but there remain blind zones in the anterosuperior and posterosuperior regions of the third ventricle.

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EFFECT OF KSHEERBALA TAILA NASYA IN MIGRAINE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ARDHAVABHEDAK: A LITERARY REVIEW

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Scientific Innovation ◽

10.7897/2277-4572.104212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 102-107

Author(s):

Vitthal B. Bachate ◽

Raman S. Belge

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Neurological Disorder ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Direct Reference ◽

Polyherbal Formulation ◽

The Third ◽

Extreme Pain

Migraine is a neurological disorder that is frequently characterized by intense and debilitating headaches. According to the records, Migraine tends to affect people aged 15 to 55 years and the extreme pain or headache can last for hours or even days. Migraine is the third most prevalant and 7thleading cause of disability worldwide. There is no direct reference of Migraine in Ayurveda, but signs and symptoms of migraine can be co-related with Shiroroga, one of which is Ardhavabhedak. In Ayurveda, Nasyakarma plays a very important role in the management of Urdhvajatrugat Vikara. Thus an attempt has been made to evaluate the probable efficacy of polyherbal formulation Ksheerbala Taila in Ardhavabhedak.

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Mucoceles of The Sphenoid Sinus

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459987908700203 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

pp. 168-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Robert G. Weaver ◽

George A. Gates

Keyword(s):

World Literature ◽

Sphenoid Sinus ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Sixth Cranial Nerve ◽

Sinus Disease ◽

The Third ◽

Disease Therapy ◽

Plain Films ◽

The World

Mucoceles of the sphenoid sinuses are uncommon; 60 cases have been reported in the world literature to date. Signs and symptoms are caused by local expansion of the mucocele and include headache (the most common symptom), ocular field deficits, external ophthalmoplegia (particularly the sixth cranial nerve), and proptosis. Radiologic correlation in the form of plain films and polytomography is the most reliable guide in the diagnosis of sphenoid sinus disease. Therapy of these lesions is surgical, and drainage can be achieved via the external ethmoid or sublabial transseptal route. Three cases are presented: two had classical findings and the third was conspicuous by the presence of aseptic meningitis in the absence of local findings.

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