scholarly journals BROWN HEART IN RUTABAGAS GROWN ON SOUTHERN ONTARIO SOILS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP ◽  
I. HUSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Clear Relationship ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Third ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Heart Condition

Brown heart sometimes occurs in rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill.) grown on some southern Ontario soils even though a recommended quantity of B fertilizer has been applied. Fourteen field experiments were conducted on growers' fields over a 4-yr period to determine the cause of this phenomenon. Brown heart occurred when the hot-water-soluble B content of the soil decreased below approximately 1.3 ppm although there were a few exceptions. An application of 4.5 kg B/ha as borax did not completely overcome the brown-heart condition in a majority of the experiments. The B concentration in the third or fourth leaf from the centre of the whorl was not related to brown-heart incidence. However, it was found that a B concentration of less than 18 ppm in the roots was generally associated with brown-heart incidence. Although there was no clear relationship between the Ca/B ratio in the leaf blades and brown-heart incidence, there was an increase in brown-heart incidence as the Ca/B ratio in the roots increased above 170. In three experiments, an application of 224 kg Na/ha as NaCl significantly increased brown-heart incidence, whereas in a fourth experiment there was a significant decrease. There was some evidence that the Na may slightly decrease the B concentration. Also the Ca concentration increased as the Na concentration increased in rutabaga tissues thereby affecting the Ca/B ratio and possibly brown-heart incidence. There was also evidence that, in the root tissues, the Ca/B ratio was inversely related to the K concentration. It was concluded that the effectiveness of B in decreasing brown-heart incidence was related to the Ca concentration in rutabaga plants.

EFFECTS OF APPLIED AND RESIDUAL BORON ON THE NUTRITION OF CABBAGE AND FIELD BEANS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
First Year ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Field Beans

Field experiments were conducted at four locations in Prince Edward Island to determine the effect of applied B on leaf tissue B and yields of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) in the year of application of B and again the following year. Application rates of 8.8 kg B∙ha−1 reduced bean seed yields at all locations and the 4.4-kg B∙ha−1 rate reduced yields at two locations in the first year. Leaf tissue B levels > 109 μg∙g−1 are clearly toxic for beans and seriously reduced bean yields. Furthermore, the yield and visual symptom data strongly suggest that tissue B levels even as low as 60 μg∙g−1 are toxic for this crop. No significant reductions in bean yields were noted in the second year crop, even at the 8.8 kg B∙ha−1 rate. Rates of up to 8.8 kg B∙ha−1 did not cause any reduction in cabbage yield even during the year of application. Leaf tissue B concentrations as high as 71–132 μg∙g−1 were not related to any B toxicity in cabbge. Added B did not increase yield of either beans or cabbage. Even though leaf tissue B levels as low as 16 μg∙g−1 in cabbage and 26 μg∙g−1 in beans occurred, no B deficiency was found. After the first and second years of beans the hot-water-soluble B in the soil ranged from 1.4 to 1.9 and from 0.8 to 1.2 μg∙g−1, respectively, where B had been applied at 8.8 kg∙ha−1. Key words: Cabbage, beans, boron toxicity, tissue boron, yields

Effect of boron on the protein and amino acid composition of wheat grain

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Iqtidar ◽  
S. F. Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Wheat Protein ◽  
Wheat Grain

SummaryField experiments were conducted for 2 years in Peshawar, North West Frontier Province of Pakistan, to study the effect of three levels of boron (1, 2 and 3 kg/ha) on the amino acid composition of wheat protein. The soil was clay loam, alluvial in nature, with a pH value of 7·8, and hot-water-soluble boron content of 0·58 mg/kg.Positive linear and negative quadratic effects of boron were observed on the protein and ash contents of wheat grain. Most of the essential amino acids were linearly increased with increasing supply of boron. There was a negative linear relationship of boron with all non-essential amino acids, except histidine and tyrosine.Lysine was the most deficient amino acid in wheat protein. Chemical score based on this amino acid was positively affected by boron. There was also an improvement in the amino acid profile due to boron.

scholarly journals The effect of boron fertilization on spring cereals

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Hilkka Tähtinen
Keyword(s):  
Boron Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Boron Fertilization

The research material was collected in the period from 1947-69 and was based on grain yields obtained in field experiments carried out with spring cereals in various parts of Finland. Fertilizers were used with and without boron. The boron, from 0.9 to 2.8 B kg/ha, was applied mainly as fertilizer borate and was mixed into the soil during seed bed preparation. The size of yield when boron was not applied did not depend significantly on the pH, calcium, phosphorus or boron content of the soils. The difference in yield obtained with boron fertilization varied from —520 to + 580 kg/ha. Hot water-soluble boron in the soil, and the joint effect of this and acid ammonium acetate-extractable calcium gave the best correlation with the yield differences. It appears that it is possible to improve the test value of hot water-soluble boron by taking into account the type of soil and its calcium content.

Estimation of decay constants for crop residues measured over 15 years in conventional and reduced tillage systems in a coarse-textured soil in southern Ontario

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Beyaert ◽  
R. Paul Voroney
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Decay Constants ◽  
Tillage Practices

Beyaert, R. P. and Voroney, R. P. 2011. Estimation of decay constants for crops residues measured over 15 years in conventional and reduced tillage systems in a coarse-textured soil in southern Ontario. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 985–995. Crop residues are the primary means of sustaining soil organic matter levels in agricultural soils. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of tillage practices on the rate of decomposition of crop residues over a 15-yr period under field conditions in southern Ontario. Microplots were amended with14C-labelled above-ground residues of five annual agricultural crops: corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), winter rye (Secale cereale L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tobaccum L.). The crop residues were added to the soil immediately following harvest during the 1990 growing season using a simulated conventional mouldboard plough–disc management (CT) or conservation tillage management (RT), and the amounts of crop residues remaining were measured periodically. The rate of decomposition of the labile C was positively correlated to the levels of hot-water soluble C and N content and negatively correlated to the C:N ratio and hemicellulose concentration of the residues. Decomposition of the residue C was greater under CT during the initial phase of decomposition, indicating that the incorporated residues were exposed to a more favourable environment for microbial activity compared with surface-applied residues. Kinetic analysis of residue decomposition showed that residues managed under CT had a larger labile component and faster rate of decomposition and a smaller resistant component with a slower decomposition rate than RT. Comparisons of models describing the decomposition of combined crops/tillage practices did not describe the decomposition process as well as models for individual crop/tillage combinations.

scholarly journals BORON AND ZINC NUTRITION OF TOBACCO GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
W. J. ARSENAULT
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Zinc Nutrition ◽  
Grade Index

Field experiments were conducted at various locations in Prince Edward Island to determine the effect of applied Zn and B on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) yield, grade index, and tissue B and Zn concentrations. Addition of B at 1.1 kg ha−1 did not increase tobacco yield. Rates of B at 8.8 kg ha−1 and higher proved toxic and resulted in yield reductions. At these higher rates there was more than 3 μg g−1 hot-water-soluble (HWS) B in the soil and 113–169 μg B g−1 in the various primings. Tissue B levels as low as 31 μg g−1 in the third priming and the HWS B as low as 0.3 μg g−1 soil did not give B deficiency symptoms. Additions of Zn tended to increase yields but not significantly. Tissue Zn levels as low as 17 μg g−1 in the 3rd priming did not result in Zn deficiency symptoms. No yield reductions occurred when the tissue Zn levels were as high as 115 in the first and 57 μg g−1 in the fourth priming. The grade index of tobacco was not affected by Zn applications but B applications of 8.8 kg ha−1 significantly decreased the index. Tissue Zn and B were higher in the 1st and 2nd than in the 3rd, 4th, or 5th primings. Key words: Tobacco yields, tissue boron, tissue zinc, boron toxicity

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON COLEOPTERA TAKEN IN ESSEX COUNTY AND SOUTHERN ONTARIO, CANADA.

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 148-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Essex County ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Third

This list follows closely on the third of three previously published articles in the Canadian Entomologist. Mr. C. A. Frost of Framingham, Massachusetts, has checked and supplied me with identifications of all but two of the specimens. His generous interest in determining some of the beetles for which names have been difficult to obtain made this paper possible.

EXTRACTION OF BORON FROM CSSC REFERENCE SOILS BY HOT WATER, DILUTE CaCl2 AND MANNITOL-CaCl2 SOLUTIONS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. SCHUPPLI
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Reference Soil ◽  
Highly Correlated

Soils were extracted by hot water, dilute CaCl2, and by mannitol-CaCl2 solutions and boron was determined by either azomethine-H or the curcumin method. Results were strongly method dependent; in particular results by the simplest method, mannitol-CaCl2, were generally lower and not highly correlated (r = 0.64) with those by the recommended procedure. This procedure involves extraction with hot distilled H2O (2:1 solution:soil), centrifugation, filtration, color development with azomethine-H and correction for background color. Extractable boron values by this procedure ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 mg kg−1. Background color can be further reduced by the substitution of 0.02 M CaCl2 for distilled water. Key words: CSSC reference soil samples, hot-water-soluble boron

Acrolein Reduces Biomass and Seed Production of Potamogeton pectinatus in Irrigation Channels

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego J. Bentivegna ◽  
Osvaldo A. Fernández ◽  
María A. Burgos
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Irrigation District ◽  
Potamogeton Pectinatus ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Irrigation Channels

Chemical weed control with acrolein has been shown to be a lower cost method for reducing submerged plant biomass of sago pondweed in the irrigation district of the Lower Valley of Rio Colorado, Argentina (39°10′S–62°05′W). However, no experimental data exist on the effects of the herbicide on plant growth and its survival structures. Field experiments were conducted during 3 yr to evaluate the effect of acrolein on growth and biomass of sago pondweed and on the source of underground propagules (i.e., rhizomes, tubers, and seeds). Plant biomass samples were collected in irrigation channels before and after several herbicide treatments. The underground propagule bank was evaluated at the end of the third year. Within each treatment, plant biomass was significantly reduced by 40 to 60% in all three study years. Rapid new plant growth occurred after each application; however, it was less vigorous after repeated treatments. At the end of the third year at 3,000 m downstream from the application point, plant biomass at both channels ranged from 34 to 3% of control values. Individual plant weight and height were affected by acrolein treatments, flowering was poor, and seeds did not reach maturity. After 3 yr, acrolein did not reduce the number of tubers. However, they were significantly smaller and lighter. Rhizomes fresh weight decreased by 92%, and seed numbers decreased by 79%. After 3 yr of applications, operational functioning of the channels could be maintained with fewer treatments and lower concentrations of acrolein.

Oilseed rape

1984 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Scarisbrick ◽  
R. W. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
World Production ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
The Third ◽  
Important Crop ◽  
The Uk

Oilseed rape is currently the third most important crop in the UK after barley and wheat. Field experiments show that despite the already attractive yields the full potential of the crop has not yet been achieved. However, its future is uncertain in that the area devoted to it within the EEC—representing one-fifth of world production—is strongly influenced by the financial incentives offered. It is suggested that within the Community output should be limited to 3.3m tonnes p.a. for the next five years.

Effect of previous cutting interval and of leaf area remaining after cutting on regrowth of Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jones
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Yield

Experiments with Siratro were conducted at Samford, south east Queensland to study the effects of previous cutting and defoliation treatments on regrowth. In the first experiment, swards of Siratro were cut at 7.5 cm above ground level every 4 weeks, every 8 weeks or cut once at 16 weeks during spring and summer. Regrowth of all treatments over ten weeks was measured after varying (by leaf removal) the stubble leaf area index (LAI) of the plots cut every four weeks. Pattern of regrowth yield was similar for all treatments with a pronounced lag phase after cutting. Regrowth yield after 10 weeks differed between treatments and was linearly related (P < 0.01 ) to residual LAI in the stubble at the start of regrowth. In the absence of stubble leaves, plots previously cut at 16 weeks or at 8 weeks yielded marginally more than those cut every 4 weeks. There were no marked treatment differences in gross root morphology other than a two fold increase in stolon rooting for the 16-week treatment. Nitrogen content of the roots (mean 1.38 per cent) was unaffected by treatment, but the per cent hot water soluble sugars were lower for the 16 week defoliation treatment than for the 8-week and the 4-week treatments. In the second experiment individual plants were cut to a uniform stubble every 4 weeks and either 0, 5, or 10 leaves were left. Dry weight of regrowth and stolon development were greatest when most leaves were left. Two thirds of the plants died after six cuttings with complete defoliation but none died when either 5 or 10 leaves were retained. Plant survival was not related to plant yield or degree of stoloniferous development. However, there was a strong correlation between stolon number and plant yield under this intensive cutting regime. The practical implication of the results in the management of Siratro is discussed.

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