scholarly journals Seasonal expressions of SPAG11A and androgen receptor in the epididymis of the wild ground squirrels (Citellus dauricus Brandt)

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyang Yu ◽  
Ziwen Zhang ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
Xiaoying Yang ◽  
Haolin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr

Sperm-associated antigen 11A (SPAG11A) is expressed exclusively in the epididymis, which can specifically regulate sperm maturation. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal expressions of beta-defensin (SPAG11A) and androgen receptor (AR) in the epididymis of the wild ground squirrels (Citellus dauricus Brandt). Morphologically, the results showed that epididymis length and weight in the breeding season were significantly higher than those of the non-breeding season. Histologically, the results revealed that enlarged lumen diameters, thickened epithelial and abundant sperm in the breeding season while reduced lumen diameters and epithelial with no sperm in the non-breeding season. SPAG11A was intensely expressed in cytoplasm and nucleus of epithelial cells in the breeding season, and weaker staining in the non-breeding season. The immunostaining of AR was only presented in nucleus of smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells in the whole epididymis with stronger staining in the breeding season. The results of real-time quantitative PCR also showed that the mRNA levels of SPAG11A and AR in the epididymis during the breeding season were significantly higher than those of the non-breeding season. In addition, the levels of testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the serum were higher during the breeding season. Taken together, these results suggested that SPAG11A might play an important role to regulate seasonal changes in epididymal function of the wild ground squirrels.

scholarly journals Seasonal Expression of Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinases in the Colon of Wild Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus Dauricus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Song ◽  
Xiaoying Yang ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Jueyu Zhu ◽  
Yixin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Extracellular Signal

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to explore the localization and expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase/phospho-extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERK/pERK) in the colonic tissue of wild ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) in the breeding season and the non-breeding season. Methods and Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot were used in this study. The histological results showed that the diameter of the colon lumen in the non-breeding season was larger than that in the breeding season, and the number of glandular cells in the non-breeding season was also more than those in the breeding season. The immunochemical results showed that ERK1/2 was expressed in the cytoplasm of goblet cells and intestinal epithelial cells, while pERK1/2 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of goblet cells and intestinal epithelial cells. The immunolocalization of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 expression were more obvious in the non-breeding season, especially in intestinal epithelial cells. The results of real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 in the breeding season was significantly lower than that in the non-breeding season.Conclusions: The expression of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 in the colons of the wild ground squirrels had seasonal changes, which had significant increases in the non-breeding season comparing to those in the breeding season. This study revealed the potential role of ERK1/2 in colon to the adaptation of seasonal changes in wild ground squirrel.

scholarly journals Seasonal expressions of androgen receptor, estrogen receptors and cytochrome P450 aromatase in the uteri of the wild Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
Wenyang Yu ◽  
Xia Sheng ◽  
Haolin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Aromatase ◽  
Glandular Cells

The reproductive tissues including the uterus undergo dramatic changes in seasonal breeders from the breeding to non-breeding seasons. Classically, sex steroid hormones play important roles in the uterine morphology and functions. To clarify the relationship between sex steroid hormones and seasonal changes in the uterine morphology and functions, the wild Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus) were used as seasonal breeder model. And the immunolocalizations and expression levels of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) were investigated in the uteri of the wild Daurian ground squirrels in the breeding (April) and the non-breeding (June) seasons via immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR. Histologically, the uterine weight, the thickness of endometrium and the glandular density were significantly higher in the uteri of the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season. In both seasons, the immunostaining of AR was only presented in stromal cells of the uteri; the positive staining of ERα and ERβ were localized in stromal cells and glandular cells; P450arom was merely immunolocalized in glandular cells. The protein and mRNA expression levels of ERα, ERβ and P450arom were higher in the uteri of the breeding season than those of the non-breeding season; conversely, the expressions of AR were higher in the uteri of the non-breeding season comparing with those of the breeding season in both protein and mRNA levels. The AR: ER ratio in the uteri of the non-breeding season exceeded the AR: ER ratio in the uteri of the breeding season in the wild Daurian ground squirrels. These results suggested that seasonal changes in the expression levels of AR, ERs and P450arom might be correlated with the uterine morphology and histology changes, and estrogen may play an important autocrine/paracrine role in regulating the uterine functions of the wild Daurian ground squirrels.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes of androgen receptor, estrogen receptors and aromatase expression in the medial preoptic area of the wild male ground squirrels (Citellus dauricus Brandt)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zhang ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
Y. Jiao ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Estrogen Receptors ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Medial Preoptic Area ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Male ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>The wild ground squirrel is a typical seasonal breeder. In this study, using RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, we investigated the mRNA and protein expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) and aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of hypothalamus of the wild male ground squirrel during the breeding season (April), the non-breeding season (June) and pre-hibernation (September). AR, ERα, ERβ and P450arom protein/mRNA were present in the MPOA of all seasons detected. The immunostaining of AR and ERα showed no significant changes in different periods, whereas ERβ and P450arom had higher immunoreactivities during the breeding season and pre-hibernation when compared to those of the non-breeding season. Consistently, both the protein and mRNA levels of P450arom and ERβ were higher in the MPOA of pre-hibernation and the breeding season than in the non-breeding season, whereas no significant difference amongst the three periods was observed for AR and ERα levels. These findings suggested that the MPOA of hypothalamus may be a direct target of androgen and estrogen. Androgen may play important regulatory roles through its receptor and/or the aromatized estrogen in the MPOA of hypothalamus of the wild male ground squirrels.</p>

Effect of various anaesthetics on resting plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin in ovariectomized ewes

1983 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Clarke ◽  
B. W. Doughton
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Experimental Series ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Pulsatile Secretion ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

Effects of various anaesthetics on plasma LH, FSH and prolactin levels were studied in ovariectomized ewes. In the first experimental series, conducted between June and November (late breeding season, early anoestrous season), the following treatments were given: saline (i.v.) (n = 7); single thiopentone injection (i.v.) (n = 4); induction of anaesthesia for 2 h with thiopentone (n = 5), ketamine/thiopentone mixture (n = 6), Alphathesin (n = 6) or induction with thiopentone and maintenance with halothane (n = 6). The major findings were: (1) halothane anaesthesia reduced mean plasma LH levels by preventing pulsatile secretion of LH; (2) Alphathesin had the least effect on tonic LH concentration; (3) a single thiopentone injection did not affect LH levels; (4) continuous thiopentone anaesthesia increased LH pulse amplitude; (5) plasma FSH concentration was not affected by any of the treatments; (6) ketamine/thiopentone-induced and Alphathesin-induced anaesthesia increased plasma prolactin levels. In a second experimental series four ovariectomized ewes were anaesthetized with thiopentone for 3 h in January. In contrast to the results obtained with thiopentone in August, treatment in January reduced plasma LH pulse amplitude and mean plasma LH levels. These latter results support the hypothesis that there may be seasonal variation in responses to barbiturate anaesthesia.

Determinants of the annual pattern of reproduction in mature male Merino and Suffolk sheep: responses to a nutritional stimulus in the breeding and non-breeding seasons

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Hötzel ◽  
Stephen W. Walkden-Brown ◽  
James S. Fisher ◽  
Graeme B. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Breeding Seasons

This study was designed to test whether an acute improvement in diet would increase gonadotrophin secretion and testicular growth in strongly photoperiod-responsive Suffolk rams and weakly photoperiod-responsive Merino rams in both the breeding (February–March) and the non-breeding (July–August) seasons. Mature rams (n = 5 or 6) of these breeds were fed a maintenance diet (0.9 kg chaff + 100 g lupin grain) or the same diet supplemented with 1.5 kg lupin grain for 42 days in each season. Lupin grain is a rich source of both energy and protein. Testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in plasma from blood sampled every 20 min for 24 h on Days −1, 12 and 35 relative to the change in feeding. In rams supplemented with lupins, body mass increased in both breeds in both seasons (P < 0.001). Scrotal circumference and LH pulse frequency increased with lupin supplementation in both seasons (P < 0.003) in Merinos, but only during the breeding season (P < 0.003) in Suffolks. Plasma FSH concentrations were affected by diet only during the breeding season, being elevated on Day 12 in lupin-supplemented rams of both breeds (P < 0.05). It was concluded that Merino rams exhibit reproductive responses to improved nutrition irrespective of time of the year, whereas Suffolk rams respond to nutrition only when the hypothalamic reproductive centres are not inhibited by photoperiod. Thus, Suffolks do respond to nutrition, just as Merinos do, but only when photoperiod allows. This difference between breeds appears to be a result of differences in the neuroendocrine pathways that control pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone secretion.

scholarly journals Cytoplasmic Accumulation of Incompletely Glycosylated SHBG Enhances Androgen Action in Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eui-Ju Hong ◽  
Biswajyoti Sahu ◽  
Olli A. Jänne ◽  
Geoffrey L. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Steroid Withdrawal ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Gene ◽  
Androgen Action ◽  
Androgen Withdrawal

Abstract Human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) accumulates within the cytoplasm of epithelial cells lining the proximal convoluted tubules of mice expressing human SHBG transgenes. The main ligands of SHBG, testosterone and its metabolite, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), alter expression of androgen-responsive genes in the kidney. To determine how intracellular SHBG might influence androgen action, we used a mouse proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) cell line with characteristics of S1/S2 epithelial cells in which human SHBG accumulates. Western blotting revealed that SHBG extracted from PCT cells expressing a human SHBG cDNA (PCT-SHBG) is 5–8 kDa smaller than the SHBG secreted by these cells, due to incomplete N-glycosylation and absence of O-linked oligosaccharides. PCT-SHBG cells sequester [3H]DHT more effectively from culture medium than parental PCT cells, and the presence of SHBG accentuates androgen-dependent activation of a luciferase reporter gene, as well as the endogenous kidney androgen-regulated protein (Kap) gene. After androgen withdrawal, androgen-induced Kap mRNA levels in PCT-SHBG cells are maintained for more than 2 wk vs 2 d in parental PCT cells. Transcriptome profiling after testosterone or DHT pretreatments, followed by 3 d of steroid withdrawal, also demonstrated that intracellular SHBG enhances androgen-dependent stimulation (e.g.Adh7, Vcam1, Areg, Tnfaip2) or repression (e.g.Cldn2 and Osr2) of many other genes in PCT cells. In addition, nuclear localization of the androgen receptor is enhanced and retained longer after steroid withdrawal in PCT cells containing functional SHBG. Thus, intracellular SHBG accentuates the uptake of androgens and sustains androgens access to the androgen receptor, especially under conditions of limited androgen supply.

scholarly journals Seasonal expressions of VEGF and its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in the prostate of the wild ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Yao ◽  
Wenqian Xie ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
Yingying Han ◽  
Zhengrong Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factors

As a vital male accessory reproductive gonad, the prostate requires vascular endothelial growth factors for promoting its growth and development. In this study, we investigated the localizations and expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors including VEGF-receptor1 (VEFGR1) and VEGF-receptor2 (VEGFR2) in the prostate of the wild ground squirrels during the breeding and the non-breeding seasons. The values of total prostate weight and volume in the breeding season were higher than those in the non-breeding season. Histological observations showed that the exocrine lumens of the prostate expanded in the breeding season and contracted in the non-breeding season. The mRNA expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 in the prostate were higher in the breeding season than those in the non-breeding season, but the mRNA expression level of VEGFR1 had no significant change between the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Immunohistochemical results revealed that VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 were presented in epithelial and stromal cells during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. In addition, the microvessels of the prostate were widely distributed and the number of microvessels increased obviously in the breeding season, while decreased sharply in the non-breeding season. These results suggested that expression levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 might be correlated with seasonal changes in morphology and functions of the prostate, and VEGF might serve as pivotal regulators to affect seasonal changes in the prostate functions of the wild male ground squirrels via an autocrine/paracrine pathway.

scholarly journals Summer heat stress affects prostaglandin synthesis in the bovine oviduct

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Kobayashi ◽  
Kaori Wakamiya ◽  
Misa Kohka ◽  
Yuki Yamamoto ◽  
Kiyoshi Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Summer Heat ◽  
Embryo Transport

Summer heat stress (HS) negatively affects reproductive functions, including prostaglandin (PG) F2α secretion in the endometrium, and decreases fertility in cattle. In the present study, we examined the effects of elevated temperatures on PG synthesis in oviductal epithelial cells. The epithelial cells obtained from the ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct were incubated at various temperatures (38.5, 39.5, 40.0, and 40.5 °C) for 24 h. In the ampulla, PGE2 concentration was higher at 40.5 °C than at 38.5 °C, while PGF2α production was not affected by the temperatures in this range. The expressions of microsomal PGE synthase 1 (PTGES (mPGES1)), cytosolic PGES (PTGES3 (cPGES)), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90AA1 (HSP90)) mRNAs and proteins were higher at 40.5 °C than at 38.5 °C in the ampullary epithelial cells. Seasonal changes in the expressions of PGES and HSP90AA1 mRNAs in oviductal tissues were also investigated. The expressions of PTGES3 and HSP90AA1 mRNAs were higher in the ampullary tissues in summer than in winter. In summary, elevated temperatures stimulated PGE2 production in the ampullary oviduct by increasing the expressions of PGESs and HSP90AA1, which can activate cPGES. The overall results suggest that HS upsets PG secretions and reduces oviductal smooth muscle motility, which in turn could decrease gamete/embryo transport through the oviduct.

scholarly journals Distribution and changes in the sbGnRH system in Rastrelliger brachysoma males during the breeding season

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Sinlapachai Senarat ◽  
Jes Kettratad ◽  
Wannee Jiraungkoorskul ◽  
Niwat Kangwanrangsan ◽  
Masafumi Amano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Rastrelliger brachysoma is a mariculture candidate species, but reproduction in captive fish has been problematic. This report examines the difference in the HPG axis, the neuroendocrine system and the development of reproductive tissues between captive vs. wild male R. brachysoma. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of sexually mature male wild R. brachysoma was 1.12±0.34 and 1.94±0.26 during the non-breeding and breeding seasons, respectively. Captive R. brachysoma had a GSI of 1.88±0.17. All wild R. brachysoma were in the late spermatogenic stage irrespective of seasons. Immunostaining results showed that sbGnRH-immunoreactive neurons were distributed in three areas of the brain, namely the nucleus periventricularis, nucleus preopticus and nucleus lateralis tuberis. Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone immunoreactivities were also observed in the pituitary gland. The levels of brain sbGnRH and GtH mRNA were not significantly different between the non-breeding and breeding seasons, but captive fish displayed (times or percent difference) lower mRNA levels than wild fish. These results suggest that these hormones control the testicular development in R. brachysoma and that the impaired reproduction in captivity may be due to their relative lower expression levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone genes.

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