scholarly journals Salinity tolerance evaluation of barley germplasm for marginal soil utilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kico Dhima ◽  
Ioannis Vasilakoglou ◽  
Konstantinos Paschalidis ◽  
Nikitas Karagiannidis ◽  
Ilias Ilias
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Alternative Crop ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Barley Germplasm

One greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the tolerance to salinity and water deficit stresses of 184 barley varieties (breeding lines or registered varieties). Also, a 2-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield components of 16 of these varieties, representing tolerant, intermediate tolerant and susceptible ones, grown simultaneously in saline and non-saline soils. In the greenhouse, the K-means cluster analysis shown that 17 varieties were tolerant, 72 varieties intermediate tolerant, 16 varieties intermediate susceptible and 79 varieties susceptible. In the field, soil salinity reduced the germination of the barley varieties except for the varieties ICB 100126, Scarlett and Meteor. Barley varieties grown in the saline soil produced 33.2-to 83.4% lower dry biomass, 0.0-to 78.9% fewer ears and 0.0-to 81.5% lower grain yield than those of varieties grown in the non-saline soil. In the saline soil, the greatest grain yield was provided by the vars. Galt Brea 'S' and ICB 100126 (4.87 and 4.31 t ha-1, respectively), without significant differences between saline and non-saline soils. In most barley varieties, chlorophyll content and photosystem II quantum yield were greater under saline than under non-saline conditions. The results of this research indicated that, in barley germplasm, a remarkable genetic variation exists which would contribute to barley production in saline soils. Highlights - The salinity tolerance of 184 barley varieties was investigated. - There was great variability to salinity tolerance among barley germplasm. - There were barley varieties which grown in saline soil without significant yield reduction. - Barley could be an alternative crop system in soils with increased salinity.

scholarly journals Salinity tolerance of some elite rice breeding lines at reproductive stage

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
R Yasmeen ◽  
HU Ahmed ◽  
MRA Sarker ◽  
MS Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Elite Breeding Lines

Rice is relatively sensitive to salinity at reproductive stage. Screening of rice cultivars for salt tolerance at the reproductive stage is difficult at field conditions because of the heterogeneity of soil salinity. The present investigation aimed to characterize reproductive growth and yield potential of elite breeding lines in controlled saline environment at net house conditions. The experiment involved three advanced breeding lines, BR7100-R-6-6, IR78794-B-Sal29-1 and IR59418-7B-21-3 and a salt-tolerant check (BRRI dhan47) and susceptible check (BRRI dhan28) under four salinity levels (0, 4, 8, and 12 dS/m) at reproductive stage. The factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications. Salinity × genotypes demonstrated significant interactions on some yield contributing characters and grain yield. Salinity stresses, at 8 and 12 dS/m, decreased plant height, tiller and panicle numbers, panicle length, filled grain number and grain yields of all the tested genotypes in different magnitude. The breeding line IR59418-7B-21-3 performed greater tolerance to salinity than other tested lines and check varieties. At 8 dS/m IR59418-7B-21-3 produced 72% relative grain yield compared to that of 31% in BRRI dhan47. The breeding lines, BR7100-R-6-6 and IR78794-B-Sal29-1 produced 40 and 59% relative grain yield respectively, at 8 dS/m. At 12 dS/m, all the tested genotypes produced less than 20% relative grain yield. Based on the salinity pressure (8 dS/m) at the reproductive stage, IR59418-7B-21-3 produced 68% higher yield than that of BRRI dhan47. BR7100-R-6-6 and IR78794-B-Sal29-1 out yielded BRRI dhan47 by 45 and 49% respectively. All the three breeding lines performed better than that of BRRI dhan47 in terms of salinity tolerance at the reproductive stage.Bangladesh Rice j. 2014, 18(1&2): 33-37

scholarly journals Characterization of Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L.) for Resistance to Striga asiatica and S. hermonthica and Compatibility with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS) in Tanzania

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
John Lobulu ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Mark D. Laing ◽  
Arnold Angelo Mushongi ◽  
Admire Isaac Tichafa Shayanowako
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
The Mean

Striga species cause significant yield loss in maize varying from 20 to 100%. The aim of the present study was to screen and identify maize genotypes with partial resistance to S. hermonthica (Sh) and S. asiatica (Sa) and compatible with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (FOS), a biocontrol agent. Fifty-six maize genotypes were evaluated for resistance to Sh and Sa, and FOS compatibility. Results showed that FOS treatment significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced Striga management compared to the untreated control under both Sh and Sa infestations. The mean grain yield was reduced by 19.13% in FOS-untreated genotypes compared with a loss of 13.94% in the same genotypes treated with FOS under Sh infestation. Likewise, under Sa infestation, FOS-treated genotypes had a mean grain yield reduction of 18% while untreated genotypes had a mean loss of 21.4% compared to the control treatment. Overall, based on Striga emergence count, Striga host damage rating, grain yield and FOS compatibility, under Sh and Sa infestations, 23 maize genotypes carrying farmer preferred traits were identified. The genotypes are useful genetic materials in the development of Striga-resistant cultivars in Tanzania and related agro-ecologies.

scholarly journals Rate and Timing Effects of Growth Regulating Herbicides Applications on Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Growth and Yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Thierry E. Besançon ◽  
Ranjit Riar ◽  
Ronnie W. Heiniger ◽  
Randy Weisz ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Timing Effects

Dicamba and 2,4-D are among the most common and inexpensive herbicides used to control broadleaf weeds. However, different studies have pointed the risk of crop injury and grain sorghum yield reduction with postemergence applications of 2,4-D. No research data on grain sorghum response to 2,4-D or dicamba exists in the Southeastern United States. Consequently, a study was conducted to investigate crop growth and yield response to 2,4-D (100, 220, and 330 g acid equivalent ha−1) and dicamba (280 g acid equivalent ha−1) applied on 20 to 65 cm tall sorghum. Greater stunting resulted from 2,4-D applied at 330 g acid equivalent ha−1or below 45 cm tall sorghum whereas lodging prevailed with 2,4-D at 330 g acid equivalent ha−1and dicamba applied beyond 35 cm tall crop. Regardless of local environmental conditions, 2,4-D applied up to 35 cm tall did not negatively impact grain yield. There was a trend for yields to be somewhat lower when 2,4-D was applied on 45 or 55 cm tall sorghum whereas application on 65 cm tall sorghum systematically decreased yields. More caution should be taken with dicamba since yield reduction has been reported as early as applications made on 35 cm tall sorghum for a potentially dicamba sensitive cultivar.

scholarly journals Effects of Pecan Bacterial Leaf Scorch on Growth and Yield Components of Cultivar Cape Fear

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Sanderlin ◽  
K. I. Heyderich-Alger
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Scorch

Pecan bacterial leaf scorch (PBLS) recently was recognized to be caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. The objective of this work was to compare certain tree growth and yield components of trees with and without PBLS. The evaluations were made for 3 years (1999 to 2001) on the disease-sensitive cv. Cape Fear. At nut maturity (October) each year, the number of leaves and leaflets and the leaflet weight were significantly smaller on terminals from trees with leaf scorch than on terminals from trees not infected with X. fastidiosa. Similar amounts of defoliation occurred on bearing and nonbearing terminals. The symptomatic terminals averaged 58% fewer leaflets at the end of the growing season. The weight of terminals from diseased trees was significantly lower in 2 of the 3 years for nonbearing terminals compared with similar terminals from uninfected trees. Terminals of infected trees generally were not significantly shorter than terminals of uninfected trees. The weight of the nuts from terminals with leaf scorch was lower than the weight from uninfected trees each year. The primary effect was on kernel development, which averaged 16% lower weight. Phosphorus concentration was slightly but significantly lower in infected leaflets during October in three of six comparisons. There were no other consistent differences in the concentration of nine other elements in leaflets between diseased and uninfected terminals. PBLS is capable of causing economically significant yield reductions. Because the disease is chronic, the potential yield reduction over the life of a tree is large on disease-sensitive trees.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Use Efficiency and Yield of Direct Seeded Rice and Wheat Influenced by Residues Incorporation and Phosphorus Application under Saline Soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Imdad Ali Mahmood ◽  
Arshad Ali ◽  
Armghan Shahzad ◽  
Tariq Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Rate ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application

A two years field study according to split plot design was conducted to investigate the impactof crop residue (CR) incorporation and P application (0, 40, 80, 120 kg P2O5/ha) on P use efficiency andyield of direct seeded rice (DSR) and wheat grown under saline soil (ECe = 4.59 dS/m; pHs = 8.38;SAR = 6.57 (mmolc/L)1/2; extractable P = 4.07 mg/kg; texture = sandy clay loam), during the years 2011and 2012. Planting of DSR (with and without crop residue incorporation @ 2 tonnes/ha) were placed inmain plots and P application was in sub plots. Data on tillering, plant height, panicle length, 1000 grainweight, paddy and straw yields were collected. On an average of two years, maximum tillers (18), paniclelength (33), grain/panicle (121) and paddy yield (3.26 t/ha) were produced with P application @ 80 kgP2O5/ha along with CR incorporation. Similarly in case of wheat grown after DSR, maximum tillers (17),spike length (17), grains/panicle (66) and grain yield (3.56 t/ha) were produced with P application @ 80 kgP2O5/ha along with CR incorporation. Although, the growth and yield contributing parameters with thistreatment (80 kg P2O5/ha + CR) performed statistically equal to 120 kg P2O5/ha without CR incorporationduring both the years, but on an average of two years, grain yield of DSR and wheat was significantlysuperior (22 and 24%, respectively) than that of higher P rate (120 kg/ha) without CR. Overall, continuoustwo years CR incorporation further increased (17%) paddy yields during the follow up year of crop harvest.Higher P use efficiency and concentrations of P, K+ and Ca2+ in both DSR and wheat plant tissues wasfound where 80 kg P2O5/ha was applied along with CR incorporation or 120 kg P2O5/ha alone while Na+and Mg2+ concentration decreased with CR incorporation and increasing P rate. An increasing trend inDSR paddy and wheat grain yields was observed with increasing the rate of P application without CRincorporation, however, it was not as much as that of 80 kg P2O5/ha application with CR incorporationand found to be superior than rest of the treatments during both study years.

scholarly journals Performance of Sunflower Genotypes in Non-Saline and Saline Soils of Southern Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
MK Hossain ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
AA Mamun ◽  
SM Abdullah Al Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Seed Head ◽  
Total Seed

A research work was conducted with three sunflower genotypes to evaluate their performance in saline and non-saline soil after harvesting of T. Aman rice. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Three genotypes significantly influenced almost all the growth and yield parameters in both non-saline and saline field. Genotype Hysun-33 showed maximum germination percentage in non-saline soil but minimum in saline soil. Whereas, KUSL- 1 performed the best in saline soil but worst in non-saline condition. Hysun-33 produced maximum leaf at flowering in both conditions but minimum leaf by BARI Sunflower-2 in saline soil and by KU-SL-1 in non-saline soil. In both non-saline and saline soils, plant height at flowering, head diameter, total seed head-1 and filled seed head-1 were maximum for the genotype Hysun-33 and that of minimum for the genotype BARI Sunflower-2. Genotype KU-SL-1 showed maximum value for 1000- seed weight followed by Hysun-33 in both saline and non-saline soils. In case of seed yield head-1, Hysun-33 performed best in saline soils but worst in non-saline soil. In non-saline soil, KU-SL-1 produced maximum seed yield head-1. Biomass at harvest, head diameter and number of filled seed head-1 was well correlated with number of seed head and seed yield head-1. Thus genotype Hysun-33 may be considered as best for saline and KU-SL-1 for non-saline soil. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2018, 21(1): 1-7

Weeds in grain-lupins. 2. The response of narrow-leafed lupins to pre-emergence herbicides

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Allen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield

Results are reported from 18 experiments in which pre-emergence herbicides were evaluated in narrow-leafed lupins, (Lupinus angustifolius). At all 11 sites south of Perth (latitudes 32�S to 35�S) there was a significant lupin grain yield response to herbicides (P<0.05). There was a significant yield increase at only one of the seven sites north of Perth (latitudes 28�S to 32�S). Significant yield increases were obtained on at least one occasion with alachlor 1.1, 2.2 kg a.i. ha-1; diuron 0.4, 0.8, 1.3 kg a.i. ha-1; linuron 1:1, 2.2 kg a.i. ha-1; simazine 1.1, 1.7, 2.4 kg a.i. ha-1 and trifluralin 0.5, 1.1 kg a.i. ha-1 (P<0.05). Diuron 0.8 kg a.i. ha-1; linuron 2.2 kg a.i. ha-1 and simazine 1.1, 1.7 kg a.i. ha-1 each resulted in a significant lupin yield reduction on one occasion (P<0.05).

Identification of Salt Tolerant Chickpea Genotypes Based on Yield and Salinity Indices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
S.K. Sanwal ◽  
Nirmala Sehrawat ◽  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Stage Yield

Background: Legumes are under explored crops in comparison to staple cereal crops and decreasing agricultural lands along with waste lands and poor water resources are the main constraints for sustainable agricultural production. Chickpea is the third most important food legume, known for its high nutritive values, generally considered as relatively salt sensitive crop. Existence of large genetic variation provides opportunity to explore variations and exploit the available salinity tolerance in chickpea. Methods: A Randomised block design experiment was conducted to explore the salinity tolerance in 10 chickpea genotypes including CSG-8962 (Karnal Chana-1), as salt tolerant check during 2018-19 and 2019-20 under control and salinity ECiw 6 dS/m and ECiw 9 dS/m. The leachate was collected from time to time to monitor the buildup of the desired salinity. At harvesting stage, yield and yield attributing traits were recorded and yield indices were calculated to identify the potential of chickpea genotypes against salinity stress.Result: Saline irrigation water significantly decreased the number of pods/plant by 21.29% under ECiw 6 dS/m and 53.29% under ECiw 9 dS/m. Genotypes ICCV 10, CSG 8962 and DCP 92-3 retained maximum number of filled pods at ECiw 6 dS/m, while under higher salinity of ECiw 9 dS/m, CSG 8962, ICCV 10 and KWR108 had the highest filled pods. Saline water of 6 dS/m caused reduction of 36.1% - 65.0% in grain yield, which further increased to 81.0% - 98.5% with saline water of 9 dS/m. Genotypes S7 and ICCV - 10 had percent grain yield reduction of 36.13% and 41.24% respectively whereas the salt tolerant check had a percent reduction of 46.94% at ECiw 6 dS/m. Based on studied yield indices, genotypes S7, KWR108 and CSG 8962 showed relatively higher tolerance than other studied genotypes, whereas BG 256 and ICC 4463 were the most salt sensitive chickpea genotypes.

scholarly journals Moisture Stress and Different Rates of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
KP Halder ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MR Manir ◽  
MA Ali
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Reproductive Phase

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) Gazipur farm during Boro 2003-04 seasons to observe the moisture stress effects in relation to nutrient rates on growth and yield of rice. The treatments were three moisture stresses (NS= Always saturated condition i.e. 1-2 cm standing water; VPS= Withholding water at the vegetative phase i.e. 15 days after transplanting (DAT) to maximum tillering stage; RPS=Withholding water at the reproductive phase i.e. PI to flowering stage) and three fertilizer doses (F0= No fertilizer; HD= Half of the optimum dose and OD= Optimum dose i.e. 120-60-40-10-2 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5, K2O, S and Zn respectively). The treatments were applied in high yielding variety BRRI dhan29. The result showed that irrespective of nutrient rates, drought stress decreased plant height, tiller number and shoot dry weight. Unstressed plants (NS) produced the highest grain yield (3.14 to 6.51 tha-1) followed by vegetative phase stressed (VPS) plants (2.73 to 4.50 tha-1). The reproductive phase stressed (RPS) plants produced the lowest grain yield (2.54 to 4.20 t ha-1). Regardless of water stress, application of optimum dose (OD) of nutrients produced the highest grain yield followed by half dose (HD) of nutrients. No fertilizer treatment (F0) produced the lowest grain yield. Due to water stress, the highest grain yield reduction occurred in OD (22-32%) followed by HD (12-19%) and the lowest in F0 (4-15%). Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(2): 23-30

scholarly journals Hop Stunt Viroid: Effects on Vegetative Growth and Yield of Hop Cultivars, and Its Distribution in Central Washington State

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Kappagantu ◽  
Mark E. Nelson ◽  
Jeff M. Bullock ◽  
Stephen T. Kenny ◽  
Kenneth C. Eastwell
Keyword(s):  
Washington State ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Stunt Viroid ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Parallel Pattern ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Open Access Article

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) is an economically important pathogen that reduces growth and yield of hops. Visual symptoms of infected hop are highly dependent on cultivar. A study was conducted using six cultivars of hop to determine the impact on yield. Average dry cone yields of infected ‘Glacier’, ‘Cascade’, and ‘Willamette’ were reduced by 62, 14, and 34%, respectively, relative to noninoculated healthy plants. No significant yield reduction was observed for ‘Nugget’, ‘Columbus’, and ‘Galena’. The α-acid and β-acid contents showed a parallel pattern. Horticultural parameters of Willamette and Nugget were measured in the final year of the study. Internode length, shoot length, and side-arm length were reduced by 29, 26, and 73%, respectively, for infected Willamette bines relative to noninfected bines; no effects were observed resulting from infection of Nugget. To understand the current potential impact of HSVd, a survey was conducted to determine its distribution in central Washington. The survey revealed that 17% of hop plants tested are infected. Hop yield and hop plant longevity will be significantly affected by this level of infection. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

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