scholarly journals Tackling the COVID-19 pandemic: the Bangladesh perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Taimur Islam ◽  
Anup Kumar Talukder ◽  
Md. Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
Tofazzal Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Personal Awareness ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Multi Disciplinary Team

An outbreak of a COVID-19 pandemic disease, caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has posed a serious threat to global human health. Bangladesh has also come under the attack of this viral disease. Here, we aimed to describe the responses of Bangladesh to tackle the COVID-19, particularly on how Bangladesh is dealing with this novel viral disease with its limited resources. The first case of a COVID-19 patient was detected in Bangladesh on March 8, 2020. Since then, a total of 263,503 peoples are officially reported as COVID-19 infected with 3,471 deaths until August 11, 2020. To combat the COVID-19, the government has taken various steps viz. diagnosis of the suspected cases, quarantine of doubted people and isolation of infected patients, local or regional lockdown, closure of all government and private offices, increase public awareness and enforce social distancing, etc. Moreover, to address the socio-economic situations, the government announced several financial stimulus packages of about USD 11.90 billion. However, the government got 3 months since the disease was first reported in China, but the country failed in making proper strategies including contact tracing, introducing antibody/antigen-based rapid detection kit, and also failed to make multi-disciplinary team to combat this disease. Further, limited testing facilities and inadequate treatment service along with public unawareness are the major challenges for Bangladesh to tackle this situation effectively. Along with the government, personal awareness and assistance of non-government organizations, private organizations, researchers, doctors, industrialists, and international organizations are firmly required to mitigate this highly contagious disease.

scholarly journals Tackling the Pandemic COVID-19: The Bangladesh Perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Taimur Islam ◽  
Anup Kumar Talukder ◽  
Md. Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
Tofazzal Islam
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

An outbreak of a pandemic COVID-19 disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has posed a serious threat to human health and the economy of the whole world. Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, which has also come under the attack of this viral disease. This perspective report aimed to describe the responses of Bangladesh to tackle the COVID-19, particularly on how Bangladesh is dealing with this novel viral disease with limited resources. The first case of a COVID-19 patient was detected in Bangladesh on March 8, 2020. Since then, a total of 2,144 peoples are officially reported as COVID-19 infected with 84 deaths. To combat the COVID-19, the government has taken various steps to tackle the epidemic outbreak of it such as diagnosis of the suspected cases, quarantine of doubted people and isolation of infected patients, local or regional lockdown, grant general leave from all offices for staying home of people, increase public awareness and enforce social distancing and so on. In addition, to address the socio-economic situations, the government announced several financial stimulus packages of about USD 11.17 billion. However, very limited diagnostic facilities, health workers, resources such as hospital beds, personal protective equipment, intensive care unit, and ventilators in the hospitals along with limited public unawareness are the major challenges for Bangladesh to tackle the situation effectively. This report described the responses of Bangladesh to tackle the COVID-19 and discusses prevailing challenges to mitigate this highly contagious disease with limited resources.

scholarly journals COVID-19: An Updated Situation from Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Yan Loo ◽  
Angel Yun-Kuan Thye ◽  
Lydia Ngiik-Shiew Law ◽  
Jodi Woan Fei Law
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Since the first reports of COVID-19 in 2019, the viral respiratory disease has spread across nations, sending the world into a global pandemic. The pandemic has heavily impacted the public health of the global community. Over 237 million confirmed cases have been reported, and more than 4.8 million lives have been lost due to the novel coronavirus. In Singapore, the government quickly took action in the early stages of the pandemic to limit the spread of the virus to protect the local communities from the disease. Singapore has been able to keep their confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths at low numbers by implementing movement restrictions, raising public awareness, mask mandates, social distancing, providing free vaccinations for the public, and utilizing advancements in technology for contact tracing. The public has also upheld their social responsibility in cooperating with the Singaporean government to control the disease spread. COVID-19 is now moving into an endemic phase in Singapore as the vaccination rates are at an all-time high resulting in lower death rates, and the confirmed cases are primarily mild to asymptomatic. Singapore has set a precedent for how pandemics can be handled in the future to minimize mortality rates and protect public health.

COVID-19 Related Web Search Behaviors: An Analytical Study of Google Trends-based Query Volumes in Indonesia (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Widyasari ◽  
Karisma Trinanda Putra ◽  
Jiun-Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Web Search ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Google Trends ◽  
P Value ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Anxiety

BACKGROUND The volume of search keywords on Google can be used as a reference to an ongoing online trend during COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to estimate the responsiveness and public awareness in early days of the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia using Google Trends relative search volumes (RSV). METHODS Sixty terms or keywords forming six topics included in the analysis were basic information, prevention, government policy, socio-economic, anxiety, and other issues related to COVID-19. All these keywords were checked for surveillance purposes between January 1 and May 4, 2020. The Python programming language was used for data mining from Google Trends databases. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the correlations between the incidence of COVID-19 and the search terms. RESULTS Community response and awareness in the six topics were associated with the number of COVID-19 cases (r range between 0.570-0.825, P-value<.005). Before the first case announced in Indonesian, the prominent topics were basic information and other issues. One month after the first case, all topics experienced an increase in RSV. In the phase of outbreak, socio-economic and anxiety got much more attentions. CONCLUSIONS The government should consider to optimize the internet as a media for timely delivering most relevant information and dynamically respond massive queries, and improve health communications to increase public awareness and intention to prevent the disease.

Assessment of bio-medical waste before and during the emergency of novel Coronavirus disease pandemic in India: A gap analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110214
Author(s):  
Rahul Rajak ◽  
Ravi Kumar Mahto ◽  
Jitender Prasad ◽  
Aparajita Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Medical Waste ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Considering the widespread transmission of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) globally, India is also facing the same crisis. As India already has inadequate waste treatment facilities, and the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 virus has led to significant growth of Bio-medical waste (BMW), consequently safe disposal of a large quantity of waste has become a more serious concern. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of BMW of India before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this article highlights the gaps in the implementation of BMW rules in India. This study uses various government and non-government organizations, reports and data specifically from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). The finding of the study demonstrated that most of the States/Union Territories (UTs) of India are lacking in terms of COVID-19 waste management. India has generated over 32,996 mt of COVID-19 waste between June and December 2020. During this period, Maharashtra (789.99 mt/month) is highest average generator of COVID-19 waste, followed by Kerala (459.86 mt/month), Gujarat (434.87 mt/month), Tamil Nadu (427.23 mt/month), Uttar Pradesh (371.39 mt/month), Delhi (358.83 mt/month) and West Bengal (303.15 mt/month), and others respectively. We draw attention to the fact that many gaps were identified with compliance of BMW management rules. For example, out of all 35 States/UTs, health care facilitates (HCFs), only eight states received authorization as per BMW management rules. Moreover, the government strictly restricted the practice of deep burials; however, 23 States/UTs are still using the deep burial methods for BMW disposal. The present research suggests that those States/UTs generated on an average of 100 mt/month COVID-19 waste in the last 7 months (June–December 2020) should be considered as a high priority state. These states need special attention to implement BMW rules and should upgrade their BMW treatment capacity.

scholarly journals Short epidemiological overview of the current situation on COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast European (SEE) countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Edmond Puca ◽  
Rok Čivljak ◽  
Jurica Arapović ◽  
Corneliu Popescu ◽  
Iva Christova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
First Case ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Index Cases

We are living in times where a viral disease has brought normal life in much of the world to a halt. The novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China initially and in a short time crossed the European borders. After mitigating the epidemic in China, Italy became one of the most COVID-19 affected countries worldwide. International travelers are important sources of infectious diseases and a possible source of epidemic. Due to its political, geographic, and cultural similarities, Italy is one of the main economic partners of Southeast European (SEE) countries. Our data show that infection in index cases in all 11 SEE countries was travel-related with Italy being a source country for 8/11 countries. After the first case identifications on February 25, the number of cases in SEE countries is continually rising reaching the total number of 15,612 with 565 fatal cases and overall case fatality ratio (CFR) of 3.6 (median 3.8, range 0.8–5.5) by April 10, 2020. At a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is approaching its peak, apart from the problems with treatment of the disease and care for critically ill patients, there are other equally important problems, such as organization of outbreak response, provision of health care, lack of hospital personnel, disruption of personal protective equipment supply chains and health care workers (HCWs) protection. But what is more important is the heroic behavior of the HCWs who are showing their humanity by disregarding their lives.

scholarly journals Fractional-order mathematical model for analysing impact of quarantine on transmission of COVID-19 in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-266
Author(s):  
D. D. Pawar ◽  
◽  
W. D. Patil ◽  
D. K. Raut ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Euler Method ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
The Novel ◽  
First Case ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

An outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In India, the first case was reported on January 30, 2020 on a person with a travel history to an affected country. Considering the fact of a heavily populated and diversified country like India, we have proposed a novel fractional-order mathematical model to elicit the transmission dynamics of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the control strategy for India. The classical SEIR model is employed in three compartments, namely: quarantined immigrated population, non-quarantined asymptomatic immigrated population, and local population subjected to lockdown in the containment areas by the government of India to prevent the spread of disease in India. We have also taken into account the physical interactions between them to evaluate the coronavirus transmission dynamics. The basic reproduction number ($R_{0}$) has been derived to determine the communicability of the disease. Numerical simulation is done by using the generalised Euler method. To check the feasibility of our analysis, we have investigated some numerical simulations for various fractional orders by varying values of the parameters with help of MATLAB to fit the realistic pandemic scenario.

scholarly journals COVID-19 denial in Turkmenistan veiling the real situation

2022 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Talib Hashim ◽  
Ahed El Abed El Rassoul ◽  
John Bchara ◽  
Attaullah Ahmadi ◽  
Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Real Situation ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unethical Practices ◽  
First Case ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late 2019, with the first case identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, on 12 December 2019. In order to perceive the comprehensive impact of this pandemic, we have to know that misinformation and denials about COVID-19 have surely exacerbated its diffusion and hindered the response against it. Turkmenistan remains one of the very few countries in the world that lacks reports about emerging cases of the novel coronavirus. Turkmen authorities claim that they have adopted all attainable measures required in order to combat the virus, asserting that COVID-19 has yet to reach their country. Despite the government’s reported absence of COVID-19 in the country, rumors, media reports and independent sources suggest the spread of the pandemic in Turkmenistan. By mid-June 2020, the outbreak was referred to as being serious with patients suffering extreme health risks, and following its state of disrepair and unethical practices, many of those anticipated to be COVID-19 infected tend to suffer at home, discouraging any interaction with the healthcare system. The civil society in Turkmenistan, for the time being, takes full part of the government’s duty in the process of informing and educating the public regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, and endeavors to keep the government and WHO accountable for behaving in such repressive ways that could lead to rather preventable loss of human life in Turkmenistan. Yet, efforts hang fire before unveiling the real situation, and Turkmenistan’s government owning up to the negations and roaming speculations, not only regarding the coronavirus crisis, but every public-related issue itself.

scholarly journals Estimating the serial interval of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A statistical analysis using the public data in Hong Kong from January 16 to February 15, 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zhao ◽  
Daozhou Gao ◽  
Zian Zhuang ◽  
Marc KC Chong ◽  
Yongli Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Lognormal Distribution ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
First Case ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Censored Likelihood

Abstract Background: The emerging virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a large outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China since December 2019. As of February 15, there were 56 COVID-19 cases confirmed in Hong Kong since the first case with symptom onset on January 23, 2020. Methods: Based on the publicly available surveillance data, we identified 21 transmission events, which occurred in Hong Kong, and had primary cases known, as of February 15, 2020. An interval censored likelihood framework is adopted to fit three different distributions, Gamma, Weibull and lognormal, that govern the SI of COVID-19. We selection the distribution according to the Akaike information criterion corrected for small sample size (AICc). Findings: We found the Lognormal distribution performed lightly better than the other two distributions in terms of the AICc. Assuming a Lognormal distribution model, we estimated the mean of SI at 4.9 days (95%CI: 3.6−6.2) and SD of SI at 4.4 days (95%CI: 2.9−8.3) by using the information of all 21 transmission events in Hong Kong. Conclusion: The SI of COVID-19 may be shorter than the preliminary estimates in previous works. Given the likelihood that SI could be shorter than the incubation period, pre-symptomatic transmission may occur, and extra efforts on timely contact tracing and quarantine are crucially needed in combating the COVID-19 outbreak.

scholarly journals Effective Reproduction Number and Dispersion under Contact Tracing and Lockdown on COVID-19 in Karnataka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Athreya ◽  
Nitya Gadhiwala ◽  
Abhiti Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

We analyze the data provided in the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) media bulletins of the Government of Karnataka. We classify the patients of COVID-19 into clusters and study the Reproduction number and Dispersion for eight specific clusters. We find that it is uniformly less than one, indicating the benefits of contact tracing, lockdown and quarantine measures. However, the Dispersion is low indicating individual variation in secondary infections and the occurrence of Super-spreading events. Finally, we analyze the surge in infections after 27th June and find it unlikely that it was caused solely by the large Migration in May and June 2020.

Public libraries’ responses to a global pandemic: Bangladesh perspectives

IFLA Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 034003522110411
Author(s):  
Dilara Begum ◽  
Md Roknuzzaman ◽  
Mahbub E Shobhanee
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Administrative Functions ◽  
Counselling Services ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Government

The whole world is experiencing a new reality – the global outbreak of COVID-19, which has forced every institution into lockdown. This study aims to explore the responses of the government public libraries of Bangladesh. An online questionnaire was used to gather primary data from all of the 71 public libraries, which was followed by semi-structured interviews with eight librarians. The analysis suggests that more than 50% of the libraries had a low level of preparedness to face any crisis, and none of the libraries were fully prepared to manage this pandemic. All of the libraries were open for administrative functions without physical access to users. The study found that 52% of the libraries created public awareness through social media, while 46% supported local government organizations and 40% provided counselling services. Considering the existing challenges, the study recommends some measures for the public libraries of Bangladesh to cope with this situation.

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