scholarly journals [LYING LIFE: HOW LIFE DESIGNS LIES AND HOW LIES DESIGN LIFE]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Tanga
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Primary Factor ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Decisive Importance ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
Shed Light

[In this work we will show chance, necessity and, sometimes, opportunity of an abhorred informational alteration and how fake/true are artificial, conventional categories. Information arises with life, and with information arises a gap between reality (or another information that is assumed as original and true) and information that represents, repeats or replaces it. This is a gap and it creates a difference, a duality, a not virtual distance, it opens a space for potential (or unavoidable?) unfaithfulness, incongruities, falsehood. Lie can be meant as alteration, as distortion, as denial, or as creation “ex nihilo” if referred to what (world reality or other information) is assumed as original and authentic. The information (or latter information) is valued comparing it to the primary factor, aiming to find its compliance. Somehow or other, the conformity between these two poles is never full and unconditional. Due to this, life arises with the not eliminable lie “germ” inside. This has advantageous implications. “Untruthful” information has had a decisive importance in evolutionary balance and trending forever. Between life and lie, there is an indissoluble mutuality loop. Our thesis aims to: • Expand the meaning of lie and to draw its continuity (that is different from homology or identity) between biologic sphere and anthropic/cultural one • An appreciation of lie, starting from an investigation that examines its nature, its genetic processes and its function, both in the biological world and in the anthropic one • Show its inseparableness from truth, that is to say the continuity (not homogeneity) between it and the lie, both in the biological world and in the anthropic one • If the lie is meant in the widest sense, it presents some characterizing features. The lie is • Random, that is to say it arises by chance, due to neither predictable nor controllable causes • Necessary, because sometime it occurs in an inescapable way, due to the fact that it is intrinsic of the process of representation and/or of replication Appropriate, because sometimes it is the result of an aimed process and offers benefits if it is implemented. The excursus will be scientifically documented and it will be furnished with various iconography (pictures, video-clips…). It will lead us to adopt a wider, critical and not conventional overlook in considering topics as mimicry (meant in all its types: molecular, cryptic, batesian, müllerian, emsleyan, etc.), genetic mutations and evolution, sensorial (not only visual) illusions and hallucinations, the Theory of Games, the referentiality in semantics and in semiotics, gnoseologic, logic, heuristic, etic, aesthetic aspects of truthfulness. This work has no pretension to be a treatise, but it tries to shed light on what brings together so different aspects, in critical, epistemological and methodological ways. We will indicate historical (of very different periods) and authorial references of presented argumentations, thanks to drawing from several fields of knowledge and to comparing them: philosophy, figurative arts, life sciences, semiotics, literature, cinematography… All these argumentations will allow us to conclude that lie cannot be the enemy to be loathed. It must not be disapproved in a prejudicial way, but it deserves listening, attention and… esteem!... This should dispel or re-define the sense, the meaning and the function of (presumed) truth. It, both revealed and demonstrated, is often assumed as dogmatically absolute and (guiltily) it is interpreted as myth or it is mystified].

Drawing to mirror, destabilize and enact

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-239
Author(s):  
Daksha Patel
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Scientific Practices ◽  
Visual Material ◽  
Scientific Images ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Original Drawings

This article reflects upon an artist residency at the School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, hosted by Parkinson’s disease research. It examines three distinct ways in which drawing methods and the prints they generate respond to the medical research. First, drawing methods mirror practices of looking and visualizing in the research laboratories. The relationship between datasets, algorithms and the images they generate is explored to propose the unstable nature of visualizations. Second, the artist’s original drawings are destabilized and transformed into ‘mutants’ to mirror the genetic mutations that are at the heart of the research. By substituting artworks for scientific images in a public-facing event, scientists enact the uncertainties and ambiguities of interpreting visual material. Finally, visitors interact with a print installation to mirror and enact scientific practices of selecting, categorizing and searching for patterns to emerge in visualizations.

Modal Spelled Pitch Class, La-Minor Solfège, and Schubert’s Third Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-281
Author(s):  
Nathan L. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Piano Sonata ◽  
Pitch Class ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Letter Names ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Analytic Potential

This article develops the notion of modal spelled pitch class by combining Julian Hook’s theory of spelled heptachords and Steven Rings’s heard scale degree. Modal spelled pitch class takes the form of an ordered triple that includes the key signature, the generic pitch classes (letter names without accidentals) of the tonic, and the note in question. From there one can infer other information, such as scale degree, mode, and la-minor solfège. In the construction of modal spelled pitch class, la-minor solfège is of equal importance to do-minor solfège, and subsequent analyses contrast the perspectives of both types of movable-do solfège users. This argument aligns with recent reevaluations of Jacques Handschin’s tone character (Clampitt and Noll 2011; Noll 2016b) and suggests a path of reconciliation in the ongoing solfège debate. Close readings of Franz Schubert’s Impromptu in E♭ major, D. 899, and Piano Sonata in B♭ major, D. 960, demonstrate the analytic potential of modal spelled pitch class and the eight types of coordinated transpositions. While previous transformational theories have shed light on third relations in Schubert’s harmony (Cohn 1999), modal spelled pitch class transpositions show the scales and melodies that prolong third-related harmonies also participate in their own third relations.

scholarly journals Need for NAD+: Focus on Striated Muscle Laminopathies

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2248
Author(s):  
Déborah Cardoso ◽  
Antoine Muchir
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Shed Light

Laminopathies are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases caused by genetic mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding A-type lamins. A-type lamins are nuclear envelope proteins which associate with B-type lamins to form the nuclear lamina, a meshwork underlying the inner nuclear envelope of differentiated cells. The laminopathies include lipodystrophies, progeroid phenotypes and striated muscle diseases. Research on striated muscle laminopathies in the recent years has provided novel perspectives on the role of the nuclear lamina and has shed light on the pathological consequences of altered nuclear lamina. The role of altered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the physiopathology of striated muscle laminopathies has been recently highlighted. Here, we have summarized these findings and reviewed the current knowledge about NAD+ alteration in striated muscle laminopathies, providing potential therapeutic approaches.

Indeterminism in the Immune System: The Case of Somatic Hypermutation

PARADIGMI ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Bartlomiej Swiatczak
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Random Process ◽  
Somatic Hypermutation ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological World

One of the fundamental questions of life sciences is one of whether there are genuinely random biological processes. An affirmative or negative answer to this question may have important methodological consequences. It appears that a number of biological processes are explicitly classified as random. One of them is the so-called somatic hypermutation. However, closer analysis of somatic hypermutation reveals that it is not a genuinely random process. Somatic hypermutation is called random because the exact outcome of this process is difficult to predict in practice. The case of somatic hypermutation suggests that there may be no scientific evidence of a single case of ontologically random process in the biological world.

scholarly journals Foreword to the special issue of EJAM on crime modelling

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. BERESTYCKI ◽  
S. D. JOHNSON ◽  
R. OCKENDON ◽  
M. PRIMICERIO
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Applied Mathematics ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Shed Light

This special issue is one of the very first dedicated to crime modelling in a journal of applied mathematics. It emphasizes one of the new areas at the Social Science frontier, where modelling and mathematical tools are put to use with a view to shed light on phenomena previously thought to be outside of their reach. Pioneering research is increasingly being carried out in many different areas in the life sciences or social sciences, often under the heading of the study of complex systems. When addressing issues regarding society, individuals or the collective behaviours of humans, several questions naturally arise about the modelling enterprise. What is the nature and role of modelling in social sciences? What is one to expect from these new approaches? The case of economics, which has relied on mathematics for a very long time now, can serve as a paradigm for what is happening in other social sciences.

scholarly journals Online EFL Teaching During The Covid-19 Crisis: Changes In Trainee-Teachers’ Planning And Teaching Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Irina Ivanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Lesson Plans ◽  
Online Learning Environment ◽  
State University ◽  
Trainee Teachers ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
The University ◽  
Shed Light

The article deals with the changes in planning and conducting EFL lessons which resulted from the transition to online teaching due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The data on which the present discussion is based were obtained from three sources: lesson plans prepared by trainee-teachers’ (both novice and already practicing) enrolled in an MA course in a Bulgarian state university, oral discussions of the same lesson plans between the trainees and the university supervisor, and video clips of lessons recorded by trainees who at the time of the study worked as teachers in schools. The analysis showed that there were a number of changes in planning for online teaching, and these changes were duly reflected in the teaching the lessons, the evidence of which can be found in the videos submitted together with the plans. The changes in the teaching approach, classroom management and the use of teaching materials were made by the trainees in an attempt to adjust their approach to the modifications of the online learning environment. The analysis helped us identify some features of online teaching which shed light on the processes of adjustment the trainees went through, and the way this transition affected the nature of their teaching. Some of the most symptomatic changes involved increased teacher-centredness in both planning and teaching, and preference for deductive approaches in presenting grammar and vocabulary, which resulted in fewer opportunities for students’ active involvement and participation in the lesson.

Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Klausen ◽  
Fabian Kaiser ◽  
Birthe Stüven ◽  
Jan N. Hansen ◽  
Dagmar Wachten
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenylyl Cyclases ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensors ◽  
Subcellular Domains ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Cyclic Amp Signaling

The second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.

Seeking to uncover biology's chemical roots

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addy Pross
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Systems Chemistry ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Inanimate Matter ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Opening Up

Despite the considerable advances in molecular biology over the past several decades, the nature of the physical–chemical process by which inanimate matter become transformed into simplest life remains elusive. In this review, we describe recent advances in a relatively new area of chemistry, systems chemistry, which attempts to uncover the physical–chemical principles underlying that remarkable transformation. A significant development has been the discovery that within the space of chemical potentiality there exists a largely unexplored kinetic domain which could be termed dynamic kinetic chemistry. Our analysis suggests that all biological systems and associated sub-systems belong to this distinct domain, thereby facilitating the placement of biological systems within a coherent physical/chemical framework. That discovery offers new insights into the origin of life process, as well as opening the door toward the preparation of active materials able to self-heal, adapt to environmental changes, even communicate, mimicking what transpires routinely in the biological world. The road to simplest proto-life appears to be opening up.

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