scholarly journals Frederick II of Hohenstaufen and modern ecology

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Pekka Niemelä ◽  
Timo Vuorisalo ◽  
Simo Örmä
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of Biology ◽  
Western History ◽  
Modern Ecology ◽  
Bird Fauna ◽  
History Of

Emperor Frederick II’s early thirteenth-century book on falconry, De arte venandi cum avibus, is probably the most famous single source for scholars who survey the state-of-the-art in natural sciences in medieval times. Most of the research on his book has focused on the marginal illustrations featuring about 80 bird species. However, the book contains a large amount of ethological, ecological, morphological and faunistic knowledge about bird fauna. Frederick was also one of the first to conduct experiments with birds. Here, we describe the ornithological experiments and observations of Frederick and evaluate them from the perspective of modern ecology. In many contexts, Frederick expressed criticism of Aristotle and his work Liber Animalium. Frederick’s observation upon the geographical variation of species was partially in contrast to the Aristotelian typological or essentialist species concept. This is an important finding from the point of view of the western history of biology. De arte venandi cum avibus demonstrates Frederick’s deep knowledge of the ecology, morphology and behaviour of birds. This knowledge he gained via his long practice with falconry. The love of falconry made Frederick an early proponent of empiricism, and De arte venandi cum avibus was actually the most important achievement of empirical zoology in the thirteenth century.

Toward a Global History of Young Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-292
Author(s):  
Oded Heilbronner
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
State Building ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Global History ◽  
Western History ◽  
Building Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European

Abstract This article argues that the first two decades of Israeli state-building can be compared structurally to some main processes in postwar Western-European societies, and that this approach productively situates Israel within a global perspective, uncovering new relationships between the local and the global. In addition, it proposes a methodological reading of the young Israeli society before the Six-Day War and a theoretical framework in which to place it. It provides an analysis of this young society from the perspective of Western history, constituting a new reference point that does not strive to negate other common approaches. If, until now, the history of the first two decades of Israel has been examined from a local and particular point of view – whether the state-building process or political, social, and national controversies – I propose to view the Israel of the 1950s–1960s as a postwar society that underwent the same structural processes as other Western European societies during those years, despite domestic differences.

The Metaphysics of Evolution

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Species Concept ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Species Concepts ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of Biology ◽  
Extreme Variation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

Extreme variation in the meaning of the term “species” throughout the history of biology has often frustrated attempts of historians, philosophers and biologists to communicate with one another about the transition in biological thinking from the static species concept to the modern notion of evolving species. The most important change which has underlain all the other fluctuations in the meaning of the word “species” is the change from it denoting such metaphysical entities as essences, Forms or Natures to denoting classes of individual organisms. Several authors have taken notice of the role of metaphysics in the work of particular biologists. An attempt will be made in this paper to present a systematic investigation of the role which metaphysics has played in the work of representative biologists throughout the history of biology, especially as it relates to their species concepts.

scholarly journals Application of lasers in automotive industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milesa Srećković ◽  
◽  
Nenad Ivanović ◽  
Stanko Ostojić ◽  
Aleksandar Kovačević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Automotive Technology ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Contemporary Development

Laser role and couplings with vehicles and solar power are numerous and in this paper we will analyze the principles, contemporary development of special scientific areas and engineering, from the metrological point of view. This area is, in broader sense, connected to history of our planet, or since the midst of the previous century and golden age of quantum electronics. Some of the general problems have rather slow dynamics of solving, but on the other hand, considering contemporary state-of-the-art of unconventionally powered vehicles and realized components, some characteristics change conservative opinions on the realizable capacities. The main goal of this consideration is to point to the unity of problems, which might speed up the gradients of the developments in solar technology of automotive technology, by multi-disciplinary approach. Overall, we have considered both theoretical approaches and current developed systems in the fields of technology, metrology and power production and transformation.

scholarly journals Justice in the miniatures of Brunetto Latini's art of rhetoric: Columbia Library, Plimpton MS 281

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Old French ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
History Of

This article presents the miniatures in the art of rhetoric of a fifteenth-century French manuscript, Plimpton MS 281 (Columbia University, Rare Book and Manuscript Library). The text is Brunetto Latini’s Tresor, a thirteenth-century compilation written in Old French on the art of government. The iconography of Plimpton MS 281 seems to be new with regard to the art of rhetoric and to be intended for a legal milieu. By studying the images from the point of view of the history of the text, the aim is to understand what might have caused a change in the iconography of the art of rhetoric.

scholarly journals Historische formelhafte Sprache als "harte Nuss" der Korpus- und Computerlinguistik. Ihre Annotation und Analyse im HiFoS-Projekt

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Filatkina
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German Language ◽  
Formulaic Language ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Computer Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Linguistic Methods ◽  
The University

The following article tackles not so much the corpus and computer linguistic questions in a narrow sense. It rather focuses on such linguistic phenomena as formulaic patterns in the history of German language and describes them from a corpus and computer linguistic perspective. Since July 2007, historical formulaic language has been a subject of investigation in the research group "Historical Formulaic Language and Traditions of Communication" at the University of Trier. Corpus and computer linguistic methods are not in the middle of the research interest in this project but they constitute its important methodological part. After a short introduction (Chapter 1), Chapter 2 gives a brief outline about the state of the art in the field of formulaic language within the framework of corpus and computer linguistics. Chapter 3 analyzes some problems in this area with regard to modern languages. The issues tackled here turn to be even more problematic from an historical point of view, as shown in the following Chapter 4. Finally, Chapter 5 suggests a possible solution that was developed and implemented in the HiFoS-group.

Philosophy in Germany

Philosophy ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 13 (49) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
F. H. Heinemann
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Historical Consciousness ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
Moral Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intellectual Product ◽  
As If

One of the fundamental differences between English and German civilisation which leads to different philosophical problems is their attitude to the reality of history. The English “live” history as if it were nature. They found at least by the thirteenth century their own form of life, of government, constitution, and state, which have lasted ever since through all changes so that a rich system of traditions has developed. Germany did not find a lasting unity as early as that, but, being divided into many autonomous parts, religions, and tribes, it did not reach a strong social or moral tradition. Consequently the “rise of the historical consciousness“ and even the wish to awaken the nation as a whole to it is in Germany an intellectual product. But what has been a disadvantage in the sphere of politics has been an advantage to science and philosophy. The German even believes it to be one of their chief contributions to the History of Thought that they have developed a scientific history and all the sciences which analyse its field, and above that the “Historism,“ a historical Weltanschauung or the task of interpreting the whole world from the point of view of history.

William Henry Fox Talbot (1800–1877) and the “Interim Period” in the history of English etymology

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Anatoly Liberman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
History Of ◽  
William Henry Fox Talbot ◽  
Interim Period ◽  
At Home

Henry Fox Talbot, the father of photography, was a polymath, and among his many publications we find works on mathematics, physics, astronomy, chemistry, archeology, ancient history, mythology, and Assyrian cuneiform inscriptions. He was also at home in botany. In 1847 he brought out a thick book titled English Etymologies. His archive at Cambridge allows one to trace the preparatory stages for this work. Talbot’s book is instructive as an example of how some talented, brilliantly educated, and industrious Englishmen in the forties of the nineteenth century went about discovering the origin of Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and English words. Talbot was aware of sound correspondences but did not feel bound by them. A list of his sources gives a good idea of the state of the art in England. Talbot’s etymologies are interesting only from this point of view. They should be studied as we study the efforts of much earlier researchers, that is, as part of the history of science.

Perspectives of Reforming the System of Interbudget Relations in Russia (in the Light of the International Experience)

2006 ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nazarov
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Short History ◽  
History Of

The attempts to reconstruct the instruments of interbudget relations take place in all federations. In Russia such attempts are especially popular due to the short history of intergovernmental relations. Thus the review of the ¬international experience of managing interbudget relations to provide economic and social welfare can be useful for present-day Russia. The author develops models of intergovernmental relations from the point of view of making decisions about budget authorities’ distribution. The models that can be better applied in the Russian case are demonstrated.

Beérkezett könyvek

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-770
Author(s):  
Csaba Pléh
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
New Science ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Oxford University Press

Danziger, Kurt: Marking the mind. A history of memory . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008Farkas, Katalin: The subject’s point of view. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008MosoninéFriedJudités TolnaiMárton(szerk.): Tudomány és politika. Typotex, Budapest, 2008Iacobini, Marco: Mirroring people. The new science of how we connect with others. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2008Changeux, Jean-Pierre. Du vrai, du beau, du bien.Une nouvelle approche neuronale. Odile Jacob, PárizsGazzaniga_n

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