scholarly journals How well does synovial fluid gram staining correlate with cultures in native joint infections?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Gbejuade ◽  
Mohamed Elsakka ◽  
Lucy Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Low Sensitivity

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Gram staining of synovial fluid aspirated from native joints suspected to be infected, we reviewed results of synovial fluid Gram stain and cultures. The sensitivity and specificity of the synovial Gram stain were then calculated. From the 1067 consecutive synovial fluid samples evaluated, 830 samples fulfilled the set criteria. From these 830 synovial fluid samples, organisms were detected by culture technique in only 100 samples; most of which were Gram-positive bacteria (78%). The other 22% comprised Gram-negative bacteria, Fungi and a mixture of growth. Of these, concomitant Gram stain test revealed sensitivity and specificity of 17.0% and 99.7% respectively. Our study demonstrates that the Gram stain technique has low sensitivity in detecting organisms in presumed native joint infections. Our findings demonstrate that the Gram stain test is an unreliable investigation in diagnosing native joint infections.

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN PENENTUAN INDEKSHIDROLISIS BAKTERI AMILOLITIK DARI TANAH SEDIMENT MANGROVE DI WONOREJO, SURABAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Aliyah Siti Sundari ◽  
Ni Nyoman Purwani ◽  
Anita Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Lugol’S Iodine ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Special Soil

Mangrove sediment is a habitat for various bacteria, one of them is amylolytic bacteria which has the potential to produce amylase enzyme. Amylase enzyme has many benefits in industry, textiles and medical. The mangrove ecosystem area has special soil characteristics, which have the opportunity to have microorganism diversity, one of which is the mangrove ecosystem in the Wonorejo region, Surabaya. This study aims to obtain potential amylolytic bacteria from potential amylolytic isolates derived from mangrove sediment. Soil bacteria were isolated in Starch media for 2% agar and tested with Lugol’s Iodine reagents to measure their amylolytic index. Character isolates observed included colony morphology, Gram staining, and motility. Of the 27 isolates found there were 3 isolates with the highest index values in their activity, namely isolates A.7, A.27 and A.64. Characterization results showed that isolates A.7 and A.64 were Gram negative bacteria, and isolates A.27 were Gram positive bacteria. And the motility results for the three isolates were negative, with the results of a positive catalase test.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA ON MEDIA CONTAINING VARIOUS ANILIN DYES

1914 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Krumwiede ◽  
Josephine S. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Gentian Violet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Specific Difference ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The Common ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Gentian violet and allied anilin dyes have a similar influence on bacterial growth, dividing bacteria into two groups corresponding in general to their reaction to the Gram stain. Among Gram-negative bacteria a strain is occasionally encountered which will not grow on violet agar, differentiating it from other members of the same species or variety. The reaction is quantitative, although the quantitative character is more marked with some species than with others. The streptococcus-pneumococcus group differ from other Gram-positive bacteria in their ability to grow in the presence of amounts of dye sufficient to inhibit the other species. The dysentery bacillus group shows marked variation in the presence of dyes. In the case of fuchsin the variation approaches closely a specific difference between the dysentery and paradysentery groups. The variations of the latter groups with other dyes show no correlation with the common differential characteristics. A closer study might reveal variations in other characteristics which would parallel the different reactions to dyes. Decolorization with sodium sulphite robs the dyes of some of their inhibitive powers.

scholarly journals POLA KUMAN BERDASARKAN PEWARNAAN GRAM PADA TINJA ANAK DENGAN DIARE DI RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Dwi Pramana
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
In Infants And Children

Abstract: Background: Bacterial infection is one of the causes of diarrhea in infants and children. Bacteria are a group of microorganisms belongs to the prokaryotes which are structurally simpler than eukaryotics. There were many examinations used to detect the bacteria caused diarrhea, one of them was microscopic examination of the Gram stain smear. This technique is to determine whether the examination is Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria. Objective: This study aimed to determine the pattern of bacteria by Gram stain in children’s feces with diarrhea. Methods: This research used a descriptive designed with cross sectional approach by consecutive sampling from November to December 2013. There were 50 children in this study. Result: The results showed, 29 girls (58%) and 21 boys (42%). There were 34 children (68%) as the largest group that belongs to 1 - <3 years old. The results of feces microscopic examination showed 29 children (58%) got contaminated by bacteria. 23 children (46%) were contaminated with Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Gram negative Basil bacteria ware the most common bacteria that found in 23 preparations. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacilli germ were the most common germs that found in children’s feces with diarrhea and the numbers of diarrhea on November to December 2013 were increased. Key words: bacterial pattern, Gram staining, children, diarrhea  Abstrak: Latar belakang: Infeksi bakteri merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya diare pada bayi dan anak. Bakteri merupakan mikroorganisme yang termasuk dalam golongan prokariot yang strukturnya lebih sederhana dari eukariot. Banyak pemeriksaan yang dilakukan untuk mendeteksi bakteri penyebab diare, salah satunya dengan pemeriksaan mikroskopis pulasan yaitu pewarnaan Gram yang merupakan salah satu teknik pemeriksaan untuk menentukan apakah termasuk bakteri Gram positif atau bakteri Gram negatif. Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan unutk mengetahui pola kuman berdasarkan pewarnaan Gram pada tinja anak dengan diare. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional yang dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling dari bulan November sampai Desember 2013. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 50 anak dan dilakukan pemeriksaan pewarnaan Gram. Hasil penelitian: Hasil penelitian didapatkan, perempuan 29 anak (58%) dan Laki-laki 21 anak (42%). Kelompok umur terbanyak 1 ─ <3 berjumlah 34 anak (64%). Hasil pemeriksaan mikroskopis feses ditemukan positif bakteri sebanyak 29 anak (58%). Bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif didapatkan berjumlah 23 anak (46%). Bakteri Basil Gram negatif merupakan bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan yaitu 23 preparat. Kesimpulan: Kuman basil Gram negatif merupakan kuman terbanyak yang ditemukan pada tinja anak dengan diare dan terjadi peningkatan angka kejadian diare pada bulan November – Desember 2013. Kata kunci : pola kuman, pewarnaan Gram , anak, diare

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of GemellaSpecies from Three Patients with Endocarditis

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard La Scola ◽  
Didier Raoult
Keyword(s):  
Specific Problem ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Identification Schemes ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Testing Susceptibility ◽  
Severe Infections

Gemella morbillorum and Gemella haemolysansare opportunistic pathogens which cause endocarditis and other severe infections. We report on three patients with endocarditis, one with endocarditis caused by G. haemolysans and two with endocarditis caused by G. morbillorum. The paucity of reports concerning these bacteria is probably related to the difficulties associated with their identification. For example, one of the strains reported in this study was originally sent to our laboratory with a preliminary characterization as a short “gram-negative” coccobacillus, highlighting the specific problem associated with Gram staining of these bacteria. The usefulness of 16S rRNA gene amplification, partial sequencing, and comparison of the nucleotide sequence to those in databases when standard phenotypic identification schemes are not helpful is emphasized. We also suggest that the use of simple tests, such as testing susceptibility to vancomycin for gram-negative bacteria and colistin for gram-positive bacteria, could prevent misinterpretation of Gram staining in gram-variable bacteria such as Gemella spp.

CONTRIBUTION ON THE BEHAVIOR AND STRUCTURE OF THE CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE OF BACTERIA

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
Roland Fischer ◽  
P. Larose
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The One ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Positive State

The relations previously found to exist between the bactericidal activity of substances and their affinity for wool have been used as the basis for a further study of the similarity between Gram-negative bacteria and intact wool on the one hand, and between Gram-positive bacteria and degraded wool on the other. A porrespondence in behavior has been shown to exist in the case of Gram-staining, of the Eisenberg–Gutstein techniques, and of the Feulgen reaction. It was possible to produce with degraded wool a conversion from a Gram-positive state to a Gram-negative one (corresponding to that of intact wool) just as it is possible to carry out the similar conversion with Gram-positive bacteria by using oxidizing and/or acidic agents. Reconversion to the original Gram-positive state was also shown to be possible with reducing and/or alkaline agents. A mechanism is offered to explain the above findings and the respective cytochemical reactions characteristic of the cytoplasmic membrane of the bacteria. This mechanism is based on similarities in composition and structure (α-keratin) between the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria and degraded wool, and the “cytoplasmic membrane” of Gram-negative bacteria and intact wool. Further possible similarities are pointed out. A new definition for bactericidal action is given in the light of these results. A direction for future work is indicated and discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of the Fermentation Parameters of an Artisanal Beer Based on Wax and Honey in the North of Côte d'Ivoire

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Karamoko Detto ◽  
Fagbohoun Jean Bedel ◽  
Moroh Jean-Luc Aboya ◽  
Ouattara Gnénépari Odjo Mahoua ◽  
Djè Koffi Marcellin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
The North ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study is to evaluate some microbiological and physicochemical parameters during the production of artisanal beer based on honey and beeswax. Samples were collected at various critical points during the production process. The load of mesophilic aerobic germs and yeasts remains high during production. A total absence of lactic acid bacteria is observed in both types of beer during production. Moreover, Gram staining made it possible to isolate for wax beer, 26% of the Gram negative bacteria of which only one (1) is rod-shaped (5%) and (4) strains are hulls (21%) and 74% of the Gram positive bacteria of which three (3) strains are rods (16%) and eleven (11) strains are hulls (58%). For honey beer, 45% of the Gram-negative bacteria were isolated, of which seven (7) strains are hulls (32%) and three (3) strains are rods (13%), and 55% Gram-positive bacteria, of which seven (7) strains are hulls (32%) and five (5) strains are rods (23%). Wax and honey beers contain a high level of reducing sugars at the beginning of exploitation. During the heat treatment, the reducing sugars reduce the microorganisms disappear after 9 min and 11 min heat treatment respectively for wax and honey beer.

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

BAKTERI PADA KARANG SCLERACTINIA DI KAWASAN PERAIRAN BUNAKEN, MOROTAI DAN RAJA AMPAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Eghbert Eghbert Elvan Eghbert Elvan Ampou ◽  
Iis Iis Triyulianti ◽  
Nuryani Widagti ◽  
Suciadi Catur Nugroho ◽  
Yuli Pancawati
Keyword(s):  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Field Sampling ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Coral Mucus ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The method used for field sampling is time swim, which is by diving at a depth of 5-10 meters for ± 30 minutes and randomly taking samples of coral mucus using siring or by taking directly on corals (reef branching). Mucus samples were analyzed by bacterial isolation in the laboratory. The result shows that there were differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the three research sites and that gram-positive bacteria were higher or dominant. Further research that can identify the bacteria species and explain its relationship to the ecosystem is highly recommended.Keywords: Bacteria, Scleractinian coral, gram-positive and -negative, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat  AbstrakPenelitian tentang karang keras (Scleractinian coral) yang terkontaminasi bakteri masih belum banyak dilakukan, terutama di perairan Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel mucus karang pada tahun 2010 di 3 (tiga) lokasi berbeda, yakni Bunaken (Mei); Morotai (September) dan Raja Ampat (November), yang difokuskan pada analisis bakteri gram postif dan gram negatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel di lapangan adalah time swim, yaitu dengan penyelaman pada kedalaman 5-10 meter selama ±30 menit dan mengambil sampel mucus karang secara acak menggunakan siring atau dengan mengambil langsung pada karang (fraksi cabang). Sampel mucus dianalisis dengan cara isolasi bakteri di laboratorium. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara bakteri gram positif dan gram negative di tiga lokasi survei dan bakteri gram positif lebih tinggi atau dominan. Penelitian lebih lanjut yang dapat menentukan jenis bakteri serta menjelaskan hubungannya dengan ekosistem sangat disarankan untuk dilakukan.Kata Kunci : Bakteri, Scleractinian coral, gram positif dan negatif, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat

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