Genetic diversity and phylogenetic behavior of some minor legumes

Twenty-four accessions of twelve species minor legumes collected from the germplasm unit of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture Ibadan, Nigeria were evaluated for their genetic diversities and phylogenetic relatedness. The accessions were planted into plots of 5 ridges of 5 meters long, spaced 1 meter apart and replicated three times at the Federal University Oye-Ekiti Teaching and Research Farm. The diversity and the relative phylogeny of the accessions were assessed through their floral morphological differences and the mean values between two accessions were evaluated by descriptive statistics. Principal component analysis was employed to identify the most discriminatory floral morphological traits and the similarities among the 24 accessions were assessed by cluster analysis (CA). Descriptive statistics through Duncan multiple range test adopted revealed genetic diversity and phylogenetic relatedness among the accessions. The first two principal component axes explained 64.66% of the total floral morphological variation. Standard petal length, calyx lobe length and stipule length contributed most of the variations in the legume accession. CA grouped the 24 accessions into six clusters. The study revealed intra-specific similarities and inter-specific floral morphological differences among the studied accessions.

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Genetic Variability and Diversity Analysis in Pod and Seed Characters of Some Neglected and Underutilized Legumes (NULs)

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.9734/ajbgmb/2019/v2i330059 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

J. O. Agbolade ◽

T. P. Olakunle ◽

K. M. Popoola ◽

J. A. Idowu ◽

A. I. Isiaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Diversity Analysis ◽

International Institute ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Pod Length ◽

100 Seed Weight

In response to the paucity of information challenge on the neglected and underutilized legumes, this paper explored pods and seeds morphological data of the twenty-four accessions of these crops with a view to establishing the occurrence of genetic variability and diversity analysis among the studied taxa. Twenty-four accessions of neglected and underutilized legumes (NULs) obtained from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria were assessed for genetic variability and diversity analysis through Pod and seed morphological characters. Each accession was planted into plot of 5 ridges of 5 meter long, spaced 1 meter apart and replicated three times at the teaching and research farm of the Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics was employed to evaluate differences in the mean values of the accessions while discriminatory traits among accessions were identified by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Similarities among the studied plants were assessed by cluster analysis. The first two principal component axes explained 72% of the total variation. Pod length, pod width and 100-seed weight were traits that contributed most of the variations in the legume accessions. There was a display of intra-species similarities and inter-specific genetic diversity among the studied accessions.

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Intra-line and inter-line genetic diversity in sire lines of the Old Kladruber horse based on microsatellite analysis of DNA

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1437-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 163-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

L. Vostrý ◽

O. Kracíková ◽

B. Hofmanová ◽

V. Czerneková ◽

T. Kott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Genetic Difference ◽

Principal Component ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Mean Value ◽

Pedigree Information ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Coefficient Of Relationship

The Old Kladruber horse is the oldest original Czech horse breed – gene resource, with pedigree records spanning three centuries. Because the population is closed, there is a concern about the loss of genetic variation. The genetic diversity within and amongst sire lines was evaluated using microsatellite markers and based on pedigree information. The DNA analysis, covering 16 microsatellite loci, revealed that the genetic diversity (observed heterozygosity = 0.637, genetic diversity = 0.678 and the mean number of alleles = 8.25) for the Old Kladruber horse is consistent with other populations of horses. Inter-line genetic difference in sire lines reached the mean value (the FST values ranged from 0.020 to 0.017). Differences amongst the sire lines were identified using genetic distances and principal component analysis. One gene cluster comprised black variation sire lines, while the second cluster included the sire lines of the grey variation. In the subjects monitored, the average inbreeding coefficient of 0.076 was estimated on the basis of pedigree information. The highest mean values of the coefficient of relationship were estimated within the colour variations. When comparing the genetic distance and the average coefficient of relationship, differences were found out. These results are useful for the development of breeding strategies which consider classical horse breeding as well as recent achievements of population and conservation genetics.

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Sexual dimorphism and variability in the skull of Martes foina

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/15707563-bja10020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 373-383

Author(s):

Ahmet Selçuk Özen

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Principal Component ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Martes Foina ◽

Mean Values ◽

Sexual Dimorphisms ◽

Condylobasal Length ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Positive Correlations

Abstract Morphometry can help to understand morphology and clarify taxonomy of species. The morphometric variability of the skull and sexual dimorphism of stone martens (Martes foina), obtained from various geographical regions of Turkey, were investigated. Measurements were made regarding 14 characters on skulls of the samples. Adults have significantly bigger skulls compared to juveniles. Regarding their sexual dimorphism, descriptive statistics revealed variability in the size of the skull between sexes, with mean values of males being higher than those of females. The most significant sexual dimorphisms (the highest variabilities) were observed in palatal width and especially frontal width. The strongest positive correlations were found between the basilar length and condylobasal length in males and between the mandibular length and total skull length in females. Furthermore, principal component analysis confirmed strong correlations between some characters of the skull in both sexes. By comparing characters with those of European populations this study contributes to a general model of the skull of Martes foina.

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Evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of five Chinese indigenous donkey breeds using microsatellite markers

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/9/2016-cjas ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Di ◽

Q.Y. Liu ◽

F. Xie ◽

W.P. Hu ◽

X.-Y. Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Structure ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Principal Component ◽

Principal Component Analysis Plot ◽

Animal Conservation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Expected Heterozygosity ◽

The Mean ◽

Near Future

China had the largest population of raising donkeys in the world, however the number of Chinese indigenous donkey decreased dramatically due to the increase of agriculture mechanization in the last century. The species has still been important in China because of its edible and medical value, therefore the survey on its genetic diversity in China is necessary for its conservation and utilization. In this study, 15 microsatellite markers were used to evaluate genetic diversity and population structure of five Chinese indigenous donkey breeds. The mean values of expected heterozygosity, allelic richness, and total number of alleles for all the tested Chinese donkeys were 0.70, 6.04, and 6.28 respectively, suggesting that the genetic diversity of Chinese indigenous donkeys is rich. The Bayesian analysis and principal component analysis plot yielded the same clustering result, which revealed that Guanzhong donkey was the most differentiated breed in all detected samples, and Jinnan (JN) and Guangling (GL) were genetically closed together. Additionally, our results indicated that the heterozygote deficit was severe in two Chinese indigenous donkey breeds (GL and JN), and it warned us that animal conservation activities on this species should be considered carefully in near future.

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GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG MANGO HYBRIDS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION1

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n323rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 709-719

Author(s):

JOSÉ EDUARDO VASCONCELOS DE CARVALHO JÚNIOR ◽

CARLOS HUMBERTO AIRES MATOS FILHO ◽

REGINA LUCIA FERREIRA GOMES ◽

ÂNGELA CÉLIA DE ALMEIDA LOPES ◽

MARIA AUXILIADORA COELHO DE LIMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Open Pollination ◽

Mean Values ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Light Yellow ◽

Chemical Traits

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate mango hybrids obtained by open pollination based on the physical and chemical traits of the fruit, and to analyze the genetic diversity among these hybrids to find plants that produce quality fruit both for direct consumption and for industrial processing. The hybrids under study were generated from seeds produced from crosses with unknown genotypes as a result of open pollination. The unknown genotypes were randomly scattered in areas dedicated to growing a Tommy Atkins variety, and plants were obtained from mango seeds generated through sexual propagation. To assess genetic diversity, cluster analysis was carried out, as well as principal component analysis. Two hybrids were most prominent in terms of fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, pulp weight, and pulp yield, with mean values greater than 245 g for pulp weight and 70% for pulp yield. Regarding fiber content in the pulp, six hybrids had a score of "2", that is, moderately fibrous fruit. For acidity and soluble solids content, the hybrids exhibited variations from 0.19 to 1.06% of citric acid and from 13.1 to 20.6 ºBrix, respectively. For peel color, tones ranging from reddish orange to yellow and green were observed. As for pulp color, there was variation from orange to light yellow tones. There was variability among the mango hybrids regarding the fruit traits analyzed, and hybrids that produce fruit that combine traits of economic interest were identified.

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GENETIC DIVERSITY OF INDONESIAN SHALLOTS BASED ON BULB-TUNIC PATTERNS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.21082/ijas.v20n1.2019.p19-28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Lina Herlina ◽

Reflinur Reflinur ◽

Sobir Sobir ◽

Awang Maharijaya ◽

Suryo Wiyono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Clustering Analysis ◽

Cell Shape ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Cell Patterns ◽

Main Production

Variation within bulb tunics has been used to determine the genetic diversity in Allium species, including shallots. However, no such study has been reported for shallots of Indonesia. The study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of the Indonesian shallots based on the bulb-tunic patterns. Thirty-five shallot genotypes from main production centers in Indonesia were used. The ultrasculptures of the bulb tunics were examined by light microscopy, including the inner surface and cell shape patterns of the bulb tunics. The phenotypic data, i.e. quantitative and qualitative traits were subjected to the descriptive statistics, principal component, correlation, regression, and clustering analyses. The results showed that the bulb-tunic cell patterns were varied, which shared almost identical with 13 Allium species. Total bulb weight per genotype showed the greatest variation (cv = 89.10%) and significant correlation with bulb weight per plant (r = 0.773). The principle component analyses showed the cumulative proportion of 78% of the total morphological variation in all shallot genotypes. Based on clustering analysis, the genetic variation of Indonesian shallots are grouped into twelve clusters with 50% genetic similarity. The study indicates that Indonesian shallots are genetically varied and could be useful for further utilization in their genetic improvement program.

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Genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut {Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.}

Agricultura tropica et subtropica ◽

10.2478/ats-2021-0009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Nwakuche Chinenye Onwubiko

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Block Design ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

Grain Legume ◽

International Institute

Abstract Bambara groundnut is a grain legume with enormous morphological variability. In order to genetically establish the variation that exists in this crop, an assessment of genetic diversity was therefore carried out with 20 accessions of Bambara groundnut collected from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan. The design of the experiment was randomised complete block design with three replications. Results from analysis of variance (ANOVA), and principal component analysis (PCA) showed outstanding genetic diversity among the collections. The first four principal components accounted for 91.89% of the total variability. Cluster analysis and the dendrogram discretely grouped the accessions into four genetically distinct groups. One accession TVSU 353 singly formed a group in cluster analysis and dendrogram, which implies that TVSU 353 was genetically distinct from the rest of the accessions. Morphological characters assessed provided a useful measure of genetic differences among Bambara groundnut accessions, which can facilitate identification and selection of potential breeding lines for crop improvement as well as germplasm conservation.

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Multivariate Analysis using D2 and Principal Component Analysis in Mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] for Study of Genetic Diversity

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4508 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R.A. Jadhav ◽

S.P. Mehtre ◽

D.K. Patil ◽

V.K. Gite

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Principal Component ◽

Research Station ◽

Mean Values ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Cluster Distance ◽

Improvement Programme ◽

Bean Yield

Background: Seventy breeding lines of mung bean were evaluated for 20 different characters and mean values were worked for genetic diversity by Mahalanobis D2 statistic. Methods: The experiments included 70 mung bean breeding lines which were collected from Plant Breeding Unit, Agricultural Research Station, Badnapur. They were grown during Kharif 2016 at experimental research farm Badnapur of Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani. The data were recorded for 20 different characters on 10 randomly selected plants. The statistical analysis were done by Mahalanobis D2 statistics.Result: The results of D2 analysis indicated the presence of considerable genetic divergence among these breeding lines. In the present study, inter-cluster distances were worked out considering 20 characters and these distances ranged from 240.96 (between cluster V and cluster VII) to 1080.72 (between cluster V and cluster VIII). The inter-specific derivatives were grouped into eight clusters. The maximum inter-cluster distance was between cluster V and cluster VIII. The maximum inter-cluster distance was between cluster V and cluster VIII (1080.72), followed by cluster II and cluster III (932.25), cluster IV and cluster VIII (910.11), cluster VII and cluster VIII (738.30), cluster I and cluster VIII (732.61), cluster VI and cluster V (660.49) and cluster II and cluster VI (494.93). This suggested that there is wide genetic diversity between these clusters. Based on these studies, crosses can be made between breeding lines of these clusters to obtain desirable results either in transgressive breeding or in heterosis breeding. Cluster VIII and cluster IV showed high mean values for most of the yield contributing traits like100-seed weight, shelling %, harvest index, pod length, primary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, leaf width and days to shattering. So the lines from cluster IV and cluster VIII can be used for mung bean yield improvement programme.

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GENETIC DIVERSITY IN BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranean) AS REVEALED BY MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF THE SEEDS’ PROTEINS

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.3329/bjpbg.v30i2.35528 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 19-28

Author(s):

A. J. Oludare ◽

J. I. Kioko ◽

A. A. Akeem ◽

A. T. Olumide ◽

K. R. Justina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Seed Proteins ◽

Electrophoretic Analysis ◽

Protein Characterization ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

Vigna Subterranea ◽

Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

National Centre ◽

Standard Marker

Nine accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.,syn. Voandzeia subterranea (L.) Thouars ex DC.) obtained from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Oyo state, were assessed for their genetic and phylogenetic relatedness through electrophoretic analysis of the seed proteins. 0.2g of the seeds were weighed and macerated with mortar and pestle in 0.2M phosphate buffer containing 0.133M of acid (NaH2PO4) and 0.067 of base (Na2HPO4) at pH 6.5. Protein characterization with standard marker revealed that the seeds of the nine accessions contained proteins (B.S.A, Oval Albumin, Pepsinogen, Trypsinogen and Lysozyme) with molecular weights ranging from 66kda and above, 45 – 65 kDa, 44 – 33 kda, 32-24 kDa and 23-14 kDa, respectively. The student T-test revealed that accessions B, C, E, F, H and I have molecular weights not significantly different from one another (P<0.05) while samples A, D and G showed significantly different values (P>0.05). All the accessions had at least two proteins and two major bands in common. The study revealed intra-specific similarities and genetic diversity in protein contents among the nine accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterraranea (L.) Verdc.syn

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