scholarly journals Client Attitudinal Stance and Therapist-Client Affiliation: A View from Grammar and Social Interaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Muntigl ◽  
Naomi Knight ◽  
Adam O. Horvath ◽  
Ashley Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Therapist Responses

Although it is widely acknowledged in psychotherapy research that the de-velopment and maintenance of positive relational bonds are central to the therapeutic process, the ways that therapists and clients become affiliated through discourse and interaction has not received very much attention. Taking up this concern from a conversation analytic perspective, this paper explores how therapists and clients negotiate affiliation around clients’ affective and evaluative talk or attitudinal stance. In order to illustrate the application of our method, we have chosen to analyze audio- and video-recordings of two clinically relevant interactional contexts in which client stance constructions frequently occur: (1) client narratives; (2) client disagreements with therapists. We show that therapist responses to client attitudinal stances play an important role not only in securing affiliation and positive relational bonds with clients, but also in moving the interaction in a therapeutically relevant direction.

Walking through the city soundscape: an audio-visual analysis of sensory experience for people with psychosis

2022 ◽  
pp. 147035722110526
Author(s):  
Sara Merlino ◽  
Lorenza Mondada ◽  
Ola Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This article discusses how an aspect of urban environments – sound and noise – is experienced by people walking in the city; it particularly focuses on atypical populations such as people diagnosed with psychosis, who are reported to be particularly sensitive to noisy environments. Through an analysis of video-recordings of naturalistic activities in an urban context and of video-elicitations based on these recordings, the study details the way participants orient to sound and noise in naturalistic settings, and how sound and noise are reported and reexperienced during interviews. By bringing together urban context, psychosis and social interaction, this study shows that, thanks to video recordings and conversation analysis, it is possible to analyse in detail the multimodal organization of action (talk, gesture, gaze, walking bodies) and of the sensory experience(s) of aural factors, as well as the way this organization is affected by the ecology of the situation.

Interpersonal Considerations and Judgements in a Day Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 117 (539) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Ferguson ◽  
M. W. P. Carney
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Worker ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Skills ◽  
Operational Range ◽  
The Relationship

There is a body of opinion which regards psychiatrically ill individuals, or at least one great class or subdivision of them, as suffering primarily from disturbances in personal relationships and social interaction processes generally. Sullivan, Horney and Fromm have made the most significant theoretical contributions to this subject, and empirical applications have been reported by Balint (1957), Maxwell Jones (1968), Rapoport (1960) and Laing (1961). These writers have at least this in common, that they take the point of view that since the pathology of the illness lies in social relationships the fundamental treatment process must lie there also—must, in fact, consist of re-experiencing social interaction within a therapeutic re-educative framework. In the past attention has been directed principally to the doctor-patient relationship as a heuristic model of social interaction, but Rapoport has extended the operational range of significant interaction to include all staff-patient, staff-staff and patient-patient encounters. As the recent Subcommittee of the Central Health Services Council has pointed out (1968), little has been written of the nurse as therapist, but a considerable literature has accumulated concerning the role of the social worker or caseworker or counsellor (e.g. Halmos, 1965). Halmos investigates the nature of such relationships, and finds therapeutic utility to be unrelated to intellectual skills. The therapeutic process is adjudged to lie in the relationship, true enough, but the essential qualities have more to do with the interpersonal styles of the therapist, than with his analytical expertise. Such is his conclusion. Apparently social skills are necessary for the professional worker, but intellectual skills for the problems to be unravelled are of little importance, and are largely irrelevant.

scholarly journals Language and the Moving Body: Directive Actions With the Finnish kato “look” in Nature-Related Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Siitonen ◽  
Mirka Rauniomaa ◽  
Tiina Keisanen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Interactional Linguistics ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Intended Action ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Moving Body ◽  
Natural Ecology

The article explores how social interaction is accomplished through intertwined verbal and bodily conduct, focusing on directive actions that include a second-person imperative form of the Finnish verb katsoa “to look,” typically kato. The study draws on video recordings of various outdoor activities in nature, mostly from family interaction with small children, and employs interactional linguistics and conversation analysis as its analytic framework. The directive kato actions in focus are produced (1) as noticings, to initiate a new course of action by directing the recipient to look at and possibly talk about a target that the speaker treats as newsworthy; (2) as showings, to initiate an evaluative course of action by directing the recipient to look at and align with the speaker’s stance toward the target; or (3) as prompts, to contribute to an ongoing course of action by directing the recipient to do something relevant to or with the target. Apart from the use of kato, the actions differ in their design. In noticings, the target is typically named verbally and pointed at through embodied means, but the participants remain at some distance from it (e.g., kato muurahaispesä tuossa “look an anthill there”). In showings, the participant producing the action typically approaches the recipient with the target in hand, so that the naming of the target is not necessary but, by evaluating the target themselves, the shower explicates how the target should be seen (e.g., kato kuinka jättejä “look how giant {ones}”). In prompts, neither the target nor the intended action is named, but the target is typically indicated by embodied means, for example, by the participants’ approaching and pointing at it, and the intended action is inferable from the participants’ prior conduct (e.g., kato tuossa “look there” and pointing at a berry in the participants’ vicinity when berry picking has been established as relevant). By examining these three grammar-body assemblages, the article uncovers regularities in the co-occurrence of multiple modalities and contributes to new understandings of language use in its natural ecology – in co-present social interaction.

The Differential Effect of Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis with Anaclitic and Introjective Patients: The Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project Revisited

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Blatt
Keyword(s):  
Object Representation ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Therapeutic Outcome ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Interpersonal Relatedness ◽  
Self Worth

Analyses of the data from the Menninger Psychotherapy Research Project (MPRP) have consistently indicated little difference in the therapeutic outcome between patients seen in psychoanalysis and those seen in psychotherapy. Reanalysis of the data from the MPRP, utilizing a distinction between two broad configurations of psychopathology (Blatt, 1974, 1990a; Blatt and Shichman, 1983), however, indicates that patients whose pathology focuses primarily on disruptions of interpersonal relatedness and who use primarily avoidant defenses (anaclitic patients), and patients whose pathology focuses primarily on issues of self-definition, autonomy, and self-worth and who use primarily counteractive defenses (introjective patients) differ in their responsiveness to psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Based on recently developed procedures for systematically evaluating the quality of object representation on the Rorschach, reanalysis of the Menninger data reveals that anaclitic patients have significantly greater positive change in psychotherapy, while introjective patients have significantly greater positive change in psychoanalysis. These statistically significant patient-by-treatment interactions are discussed in terms of their clinical implications as well as the importance of differentiating among types of patients in studies of therapeutic outcome and of therapeutic process.

The multimodal interactional organization of tasting: Practices of tasting cheese in gourmet shops

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Mondada
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Mutual Gaze ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Way

Taste is a central sense for humans and animals, and it has been largely studied either from physiological and neurological approaches or from socio-cultural ones. This paper adopts another view, focused on the activity of tasting rather than on the sense of taste, approached within the perspective of ethnomethodology and multimodal conversation analysis. This view addresses the activity of tasting as it is interactionally organized in specific social settings, observed in a naturalistic way, on the basis of video recordings. Focusing on video recorded improvised tastings of cheese in gourmet shop encounters, the paper offers a systematic analysis of the way in which tasting is orderly achieved in an intersubjective way. It follows the various steps characterizing tasting, from the invitation to taste, to the grasping of a bit to taste, which is put in the mouth, chewed, and swallowed; it details how an interactional moment offering the taster a priviledged, individual, focused space in which to devote exclusive attention to the object tasted is actively tailored by all parties. By contrast, the completion of tasting is marked by a return to mutual gaze, the animation of facial expressions and nods, and the final production of a judgment of taste. By offering a systematic reconstruction of how these tasting moments are organized, the paper invites to a multimodal approach of sensoriality in social interaction.

scholarly journals A developmental perspective on adolescent psychoanalytic psychotherapy. An Italian study with the Adolescent Psychotherapy Q-Set

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Di Lorenzo ◽  
Alfio Maggiolini ◽  
Virginia Anna Suigo
Keyword(s):  
Psychodynamic Psychotherapy ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Adolescent Psychotherapy ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Developmental Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Therapist Response

Introduction: despite large and widely accepted research on effectiveness, most of psychotherapy research has been done with adults; few studies have been published on the process of adolescent psychotherapy, due to the complexity of the subject and the absence of instruments sensitive enough to empirically capture its nuances. Within psychoanalytic framework, a developmental approach is particu-larly helpful in the psychotherapy of adolescents. Objective: the purpose of this study was to investigate the typical features of Italian Adolescence Psychodynamic Psychotherapy and its similarities and differences with other adolescence psycho-therapeutic approaches; We also aimed at analyzing typical therapists’ responses to adolescent patients. Method: 50 italian adolescence psychotherapists filled a brief questionnaire about their clinical expertise, completed the Adolescent Psychothe-rapy Q – Set (APQ) and the Therapist Response Questionnaire (TRQ) in order to describe their “actual” practice with adolescents. Results: therapeutic process is characterized by a priority to helping adolescent make sense of his own experience, it focuses on present relationships and emotions rather than on past. Strong similar-ities with Mentalization Based Therapy, mild and no correlations with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Classical Psychoanalysis respectively were found; towards adolescents therapists generaly display positive and protective countertransference responses. They less frequenlty show negative responses as overprotection, hostility or feeling of overwhelming. Conclusions: APQ and TRQ can provide meaningfull information about adolescent psychotherapy process. Instruments’ improvement (i.e. reviewd items for APQ) and future perspectives are also discussed.

Sharing Books with Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Lennox
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Early Childhood Teachers ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Expository Texts ◽  
Story Reading ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Factor

A descriptive study was undertaken to look at the interactions, goals and purposes of four mothers as they shared two narrative and two expository texts with their preschoolers over a six-month period. The study was based within the framework of Vygotsky's (1978) theory of literacy and learning. A key factor in Vygotsky's theory is the social interaction between the literate adult and the young child. Informal observations of literacy in the home, discussions with mothers, and analysis of video recordings of story reading sessions revealed differences in the way literacy was constructed. Despite these differences there were also some similarities. Each mother in her own way was a successful teacher of her child and there was some support for Vygotsky's theory; through verbally mediated assisted performance the children were learning and were taught about literacy. However, there were some areas where mothers did not increase the challenge for their children as might be expected with the Vygotskian model. These findings prompted me to reflect on my practice and that of other early childhood teachers when sharing books with young children.

Making multiple requests in French and Finnish convenience stores

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Mondada ◽  
Marja-Leena Sorjonen
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Comparative Analyses ◽  
Sequence Organization ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Time Periods

AbstractThis article systematically explores the sequential contexts for making multiple requests during shop encounters. Based on video recordings in convenience stores in France and Finland, it describes the multimodal practices that buyers and sellers use to treat multiple requests as progressively building a global buying project. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how multiple requests can be packed together, as relatively simple actions achieved simultaneously or successively in embodied and verbal ways either as subsequent contiguous sequences of actions, or as sequences of actions separated by inserted actions. This article also examines how requests are tied together, and how ‘late’ requests are fitted to the last sequential opportunities in the unfolding encounter. This analysis contributes to the study of commercial encounters and the buying process, as well as to the understanding of sequence organization. It likewise contributes to comparative analyses by discussing the similarities and specificities of this activity across cultural contexts and in different time periods. (Requests, shop encounters, social interaction, multimodality, French, Finnish)

Reading and embodying the script during the theatrical rehearsal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Check Reading

Abstract The paper develops an ethnomethodological, conversation-analytic and multimodal approach of the theatrical rehearsal, examining how participants collaboratively read, understand and embody the script. After examining the spatial organization of the setting, the paper focuses on the following interactional practices: (1) from the participants’ perspective, the script appears as a written sequence of lines to connect with their knowledge of social interaction; (2) participants understand the script through their sequential and contextual readings; (3) they collaboratively connect the utterance of written lines with embodied behavior through the check-reading, and (4) by coordinating the lines with pauses and gaze directions. The analysis relies on video-recordings in French and Japanese collected at an Art center in Japan.

Bodies in action

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenza Mondada
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Human Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Sequence Organization ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Dynamic Organization

Studies of gesture and language, multimodality, and embodied talk constitute a blooming domain that revisits our conceptions of language as well as of human action. However, research until now has focused on the upper part of the body — mainly on gesture, gaze, head movements and facial expressions. This paper contributes to and expands this line of research by looking at the lower part of the body — in practices of walking and talking — and by demonstrating how the entire body is crucially involved in the organisation of social interaction. Adopting a conversation analytic perspective, the paper is based on video recordings of people talking and walking in a garden. The study shows how the entire body moves in significant and systematic ways, within complex multimodal Gestalts. In particular it shows how walking both reflexively shapes and is shaped by emergent turn formatting, ongoing sequence organization and the dynamic organization of participant frameworks.

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