scholarly journals Online appendix 1:Spatial refuges buffer landscapes against homogenisation and degradation by large herbivore populations and facilitate vegetation heterogeneity

Koedoe ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keoikantse Sianga ◽  
Mario Van Telgen ◽  
Jip Vrooman ◽  
Richard W.S. Fynn ◽  
Frank Van Langevelde
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Large Herbivore ◽  
Vegetation Heterogeneity ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Composition Structure

Environmental heterogeneity across savanna landscapes, including different seasonal resources at different distances to water, may play a critical role in maintaining the size and diversity of wildlife populations and the sustainability of their resource base. We investigated whether extensive landscapes with functionally diverse seasonal resources and large waterless regions can mediate the effect of herbivory on plant composition, structure and diversity. Vegetation composition, structure and richness in two different vegetation types (mopane and sandveld woodland) at three distance zones (0 km – 5 km, 10 km – 15 km and > 20 km) from the permanent water of the Okavango Delta and Linyanti Swamps were surveyed. We modelled vegetation response of the most abundant species to herbivory in relation to distance from permanent water, and included fire frequency as a covariate. Trees favoured by elephants during the dry season occurred typically as immature, pollarded populations within 5 km of permanent water sources while mature tall populations of these species were found far from water (> 10 km – 15 km). Similarly, short high-quality grazing grasses were higher in abundance within 5 km of permanent water, whereas taller high-quality perennial grasses peaked in abundance beyond 20 km from permanent water. Trends in herbaceous richness with distance from water were contingent upon vegetation type, while tree richness did not change with distance from water. Spatial refuges in waterless regions of landscapes facilitate the creation of heterogeneity of vegetation structure, composition and richness by large herds of mammalian herbivores. Therefore, the extension of herbivore dry season foraging range, for example, by the creation of artificial water points (AWP) in backcountry woodlands, could seriously undermine the resilience of landscapes to herbivory by reducing the availability of spatial refuges. Consequently, it reduces the resilience of herbivore and predator populations that depend on these spatial refuges. We strongly advise that future scientific work, and management and policy actions should be focused on the identification and sustaining of these spatial refuges in wildlife areas.Conservation implications: Management and policy actions should be focused on the identification and sustainability of spatial refuges in wildlife areas. Too many AWP in backcountry woodlands could undermine the resilience of landscapes to herbivory by reducing the proportion of landscapes beyond 15 km from permanent water.

scholarly journals Spatial refuges buffer landscapes against homogenisation and degradation by large herbivore populations and facilitate vegetation heterogeneity

Koedoe ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keoikantse Sianga ◽  
Mario Van Telgen ◽  
Jip Vrooman ◽  
Richard W.S. Fynn ◽  
Frank Van Langevelde
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Large Herbivore ◽  
Vegetation Heterogeneity ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Composition Structure

Environmental heterogeneity across savanna landscapes, including different seasonal resources at different distances to water, may play a critical role in maintaining the size and diversity of wildlife populations and the sustainability of their resource base. We investigated whether extensive landscapes with functionally diverse seasonal resources and large waterless regions can mediate the effect of herbivory on plant composition, structure and diversity. Vegetation composition, structure and richness in two different vegetation types (mopane and sandveld woodland) at three distance zones (0 km – 5 km, 10 km – 15 km and > 20 km) from the permanent water of the Okavango Delta and Linyanti Swamps were surveyed. We modelled vegetation response of the most abundant species to herbivory in relation to distance from permanent water, and included fire frequency as a covariate. Trees favoured by elephants during the dry season occurred typically as immature, pollarded populations within 5 km of permanent water sources while mature tall populations of these species were found far from water (> 10 km – 15 km). Similarly, short high-quality grazing grasses were higher in abundance within 5 km of permanent water, whereas taller high-quality perennial grasses peaked in abundance beyond 20 km from permanent water. Trends in herbaceous richness with distance from water were contingent upon vegetation type, while tree richness did not change with distance from water. Spatial refuges in waterless regions of landscapes facilitate the creation of heterogeneity of vegetation structure, composition and richness by large herds of mammalian herbivores. Therefore, the extension of herbivore dry season foraging range, for example, by the creation of artificial water points (AWP) in backcountry woodlands, could seriously undermine the resilience of landscapes to herbivory by reducing the availability of spatial refuges. Consequently, it reduces the resilience of herbivore and predator populations that depend on these spatial refuges. We strongly advise that future scientific work, and management and policy actions should be focused on the identification and sustaining of these spatial refuges in wildlife areas.Conservation implications: Management and policy actions should be focused on the identification and sustainability of spatial refuges in wildlife areas. Too many AWP in backcountry woodlands could undermine the resilience of landscapes to herbivory by reducing the proportion of landscapes beyond 15 km from permanent water.

Phytocenotic selection of perennial grasses as a factor of increasing the productivity of mixed agrophytocenoses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Zolotarev ◽  
◽  
I.S. Ivanov ◽  
O.N. Lyubtseva
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the analysis of data available in the literature and our own experimental material on phytocenotic selection of the stony stalk (Bromopsis inermis Holub.) the important role of competition between plants in the field for the creation of new varieties of perennial grasses that provide high yields of feed polyvid agrophytocenoses is shown.

ISSUES OF GREENING THE LAND USE SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
The Creation

Soil protection in agrolandscapes is especially necessary in conditions of intensification of production and increasing anthropogenic pressure on them. This complex should fit into the landscape farming system. The more intensive the load on the land in the farm, the higher the level of soil protection against destruction. The article notes that raising soil fertility, increasing crop yields and ecological environmental improvement are possible only on the basis of agrolandscape farming system, which allows to establish the correct ratio of arable land, meadows and forests. The transition to such a system of agriculture requires: development of a project for agrolandscape land management with a set of anti-erosion measures for each farm; adjusting the structure of sown areas taking into account market conditions, that is, increasing the area of productive crops in demand (winter and spring wheat, perennial grasses), which in combination with occupied and green manure pairs determine the structure of biologized crop rotation; widespread use of legumes (peas, vetch) as factors in the biologization of agriculture. The efficiency of expanding the area of perennial grasses to 25 % of arable land in some areas of the Non-Chernozem region and the Belgorod region is shown. Here, techniques that increase the efficiency of arable land are based on strict adherence to crop rotation with legumes, the use of adaptive varieties, and the use of biologized fertilizer and plant protection systems. It is noted that the creation of a system of shelterbelts makes it possible to reduce the cost of planting and growing them in comparison with single forest belts and what is very important for farmers is to sharply increase the return on their exploitation in the form of increased increases in crop yields. The creation of forest-sized landscapes will improve the environmental conditions for the cultivation of crops.

An authoring tool for democratizing the creation of high-quality VR experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Ververidis ◽  
Panagiotis Migkotzidis ◽  
Efstathios Nikolaidis ◽  
Eleftherios Anastasovitis ◽  
Anastasios Papazoglou Chalikias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Authoring Tool ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Creation

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in water quality and macrophytes and the impact of cattle on tropical floodplain waterholes

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 788 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Pettit ◽  
T. D. Jardine ◽  
S. K. Hamilton ◽  
V. Sinnamon ◽  
D. Valdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
The Impact

The present study indicates the critical role of hydrologic connectivity in floodplain waterholes in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. These waterbodies provide dry-season refugia for plants and animals, are a hotspot of productivity, and are a critical part in the subsistence economy of many remote Aboriginal communities. We examined seasonal changes in water quality and aquatic plant cover of floodplain waterholes, and related changes to variation of waterhole depth and visitation by livestock. The waterholes showed declining water quality through the dry season, which was exacerbated by more frequent cattle usage as conditions became progressively drier, which also increased turbidity and nutrient concentrations. Aquatic macrophyte biomass was highest in the early dry season, and declined as the dry season progressed. Remaining macrophytes were flushed out by the first wet-season flows, although they quickly re-establish later during the wet season. Waterholes of greater depth were more resistant to the effects of cattle disturbance, and seasonal flushing of the waterholes with wet-season flooding homogenised the water quality and increased plant cover of previously disparate waterholes. Therefore, maintaining high levels of connectivity between the river and its floodplain is vital for the persistence of these waterholes.

Biomorphological structure of the flora of the ancient settlements of the Lower Dnipro

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-297
Author(s):  
P Dayneko
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Type Transformation ◽  
Adventitious Species ◽  
Total List ◽  
High Share

The biomorphological analysis of the flora of eighteen ancient settlements of the Lower Dnipro as a potential "islands" of steppe biodiversity has been introducing. Based on the most commonly used linear systems of life forms by K. Ranquier and by V.M Golubev there have been presented the results of the analysis of biomorphs. In addition to the main biomorph, the following characteristics were taken into account: multiplicity of fruiting, main types of vegetation, type of underground shoots, type of aboveground shoots, type of root system. Domination in the general spectrum of life forms of the studied flora of herbaceous plants was determined (455 species or 86.8 % of the total number), among which perennials made up the majority (259 species or 49.4 %). The second and third groups are occupied by annuals (148 species or 28.2 % of the total) and biannuals (48 species or 9.2 % of the total), respectively. According to the multiplicity of fruiting, the participation of polycarpics (328 species; 62.6 %) is significant. However, it should be noted, that the high share of herbaceous monocarpics (196 species; 37.4 %) can be explained by the invasion of adventitious species from neighboring agricultural fields and existing settlements. By type of vegetation, summer-green species represent almost half of the total list of flora (231 species), while that of the group of summer and winter green plants was represented by 168 species or 32 %. By type of aboveground shoots, the predominance is given to semi-rosette species (276 species; 52.7 %), and by type of underground shoots - to caudex (201 species; 38.4 %) and plants without rhizomes (196; 37.4 %). Our study confirmed that biomorphological structure of the flora of ancient settlements are quite typical for the flora of the steppe zone and the flora of the Holarctic in general, as evidenced by the predominance in the respective spectra of perennial grasses, hemicryptophytes, polycarpics, plants with caudex type of underground shoots and rod type. Transformation of the zonal spectrum as a result of anthropogenic impact is manifested in a significant percentage of trees, annuals, monocarpics and species of rhizome structure.

scholarly journals Integrated Pathology Informatics Enables High-Quality Personalized and Precision Medicine: Digital Pathology and Beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Volynskaya ◽  
Hung Chow ◽  
Andrew Evans ◽  
Alan Wolff ◽  
Cecilia Lagmay-Traya; ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Digital Pathology ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Whole Slide Imaging ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pathology Informatics ◽  
Prognosis And Prediction ◽  
The Right

Context.— The critical role of pathology in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction demands high-quality subspecialty diagnostics that integrates information from multiple laboratories. Objective.— To identify key requirements and to establish a systematic approach to providing high-quality pathology in a health care system that is responsible for services across a large geographic area. Design.— This report focuses on the development of a multisite pathology informatics platform to support high-quality surgical pathology and hematopathology using a sophisticated laboratory information system and whole slide imaging for histology and immunohistochemistry, integrated with ancillary tools, including electron microscopy, flow cytometry, cytogenetics, and molecular diagnostics. Results.— These tools enable patients in numerous geographic locations access to a model of subspecialty pathology that allows reporting of every specimen by the right pathologist at the right time. The use of whole slide imaging for multidisciplinary case conferences enables better communication among members of patient care teams. The system encourages data collection using a discrete data synoptic reporting module, has implemented documentation of quality assurance activities, and allows workload measurement, providing examples of additional benefits that can be gained by this electronic approach to pathology. Conclusion.— This approach builds the foundation for accurate big data collection and high-quality personalized and precision medicine.

scholarly journals OPEN URBAN AND FOREST DATASETS FROM A HIGH-PERFORMANCE MOBILE MAPPING BACKPACK – A CONTRIBUTION FOR ADVANCING THE CREATION OF DIGITAL CITY TWINS

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B1-2021 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
S. Blaser ◽  
J. Meyer ◽  
S. Nebiker
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Digital Twins ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Creation

Abstract. With this contribution, we describe and publish two high-quality street-level datasets, captured with a portable high-performance Mobile Mapping System (MMS). The datasets will be freely available for scientific use. Both datasets, from a city centre and a forest represent area-wide street-level reality captures which can be used e.g. for establishing cloud-based frameworks for infrastructure management as well as for smart city and forestry applications. The quality of these data sets has been thoroughly evaluated and demonstrated. For example, georeferencing accuracies in the centimetre range using these datasets in combination with image-based georeferencing have been achieved. Both high-quality multi sensor system street-level datasets are suitable for evaluating and improving methods for multiple tasks related to high-precision 3D reality capture and the creation of digital twins. Potential applications range from localization and georeferencing, dense image matching and 3D reconstruction to combined methods such as simultaneous localization and mapping and structure-from-motion as well as classification and scene interpretation. Our dataset is available online at: https://www.fhnw.ch/habg/bimage-datasets

scholarly journals The Multimedia Nature of Modern Literary Discourse

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Margarita G. Bogatkina ◽  
Elena S. Doroschuk ◽  
Tatiana S. Staroverova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
External Context ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Multimedia Product ◽  
Dialogic Interaction

Today the convergence processes determine the most promising areas of modern science. This methodological setting in the field of journalism is implemented in a variety of multimedia forms, which has led to the creation of the fundamentally new information and communication environment and the emergence of a variety of multimedia projects. The question about the criteria and methods for creating a high-quality multimedia product remains open. The multimedia method of perception and presentation of materials require special philological preparation and mastering of the interdisciplinary technique of interpretation of the source materials, which would help to create its qualitative multimedia variation. To transfer the literary discourse into a multimedia projection, it is necessary to identify its semantic channels, contexts that can be implemented in the cross-media content using various technical means. In this regard, it is important to substantiate the basic principles of the contextual method of interpreting literary discourse. It is also proposed to highlight contexts that are present in the discourse and are actualized by the perceiving recipient including historical, biographical, literary, linguistic, philosophical, mythological, literary critical, as well as those of various types of art - painting, music, etc., and the scientific context. The structure-forming principle that allows comprehending these contexts as an integral system is the process of dialogic interaction of their intra- and extra-textual existence. The nature of the functioning of this context system is based on the implementation of the following factors: 1) the degree to which authorial/reader determinism manifests itself in the process of implementation of a specific context; 2) the degree of awareness/unconsciousness of the context embodiment in the work; 3) the degree of relative stiffness/probability of the context functioning; and 4) the degree of certainty/uncertainty of the implementation of the external context in the literary discourse. Considering an example of the story by Sholokhov, “The Fate of Man”, it is considered as the development of the context system in the form of a substantive basis for the further transfer of this text into a multimedia projection. It is revealed that the literary discourse is born at the junction of information and communication approaches to the text. The disclosure of the multimedia nature of literary discourse helps to restore the very process of its functioning and its dialogical nature. The contextual methodology for the interpretation of literary discourse also allows determining the dialogue channels - the context system that are the basis for the creation of high-quality multimedia content in the future. Since the multimedia method of material perception and presentation requires special preparation, it is advisable to develop the skills of multimedia thinking using the example of classical literature, based on the principles of contextual methodology. A philological literacy can also play an important role in the process of training future journalists.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Conformity between the Closed-Circuit Embroidery Elements of Different Widths and the Digitally Designed Elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-256
Author(s):  
Žaneta Juchnevičienė ◽  
Milda Jucienė ◽  
Vaida Dobilaitė ◽  
Virginija Sacevičienė ◽  
Svetlana Radavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Closed Circuit ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Requirements ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
The Creation

Abstract The embroidery process is one of the means of joining textile materials into a system, which is widely applied in the creation of products of special destinations. The development of the functionality of embroidery systems is indissoluble from high-quality requirements for the accuracy of the form of the element. In the embroidery process, the system of textile materials experiences various dynamic loads, multiple stretching, and crushing; therefore, the geometrical parameters of the embroidery element change. The objective of this paper was to analyze the widths of the different square-form closed-circuit embroidery elements and also to perform their analysis with the purpose to evaluate the embroidery accuracy of the embroidered elements. Test samples were prepared in the form of square-form closed-circuit embroidery elements of five different contour widths: 6 mm, 10 mm, 14 mm, 18 mm, and 22 mm. During the investigation, it has been determined that in most cases the contour widths of the five closed-circuit square-form embroidery elements were obtained, smaller than the size of the digitally designed element.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document