scholarly journals Die literariteit van die sogenaamde ‘verhalende element’ in tradisionele heroïese Sothopoësie – ’n intertekstuele ondersoek

Literator ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
W. J. Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Heroic Poetry ◽  
Narrative Element ◽  
Historical Detail ◽  
Literary Codes

The literariness of the so-called “narrative element” in traditional heroic Sotho poetry – an intertextual analysis This article focuses on the “literariness” of the so-called narrative lines that feature prominently in traditional Sotho heroic poetry, better known as dithoko. By means of some intertextual references it has been illustrated that these lines do not merely convey historical detail by means of “ordinary informative” language. The recalling of historical events, is rather characterised by a reconstruction of activities in a poetic context, based on certain referential codes dominated by a specific cultural tradition. The poetic nature of these lines is not only created by the use of wellknown poetic devices such as imagery and rhythm, but also by the selective use of allusion which defamiliarizes communicative language usage. By alluding to historical actions, the traditional poet attempts to create a specific aesthetic convention rather than a mere factual one. Real events in these narrative lines are often camouflaged by defamiliarized language and the presentation of fictional creations. The analysis of a few examples from dithoko that are related to certain historical events clearly indicates that these narrative lines should be evaluated against the background of specific literary conventions and literary codes.

scholarly journals Lev Vygotsky on Joy and Sorrow (Comments on the Article «Thoughts and Moods»)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Sobkin ◽  
T.A. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
First World War ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Modern Reader ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Lev Vygotsky ◽  
First World

This publication focuses on one of the three early articles by Lev Vygotsky which deal with the issues of perception of modernity in the context of religious and historical events of the Jewish people. It is the second article in his historical and religious triptych and represents the young Vygotsky's reflections on the specifics of the Jewish Hanukkah holiday in two contexts: historical and the context of contemporary events. These comments on the article solve several tasks. First of all, they are aimed at reconstructing those socio-economic events that determined the life of Russia during the First World War. Also, the comments are intended to help the modern reader to understand more deeply the content of the published text and the originality of the personal and semantic position of the young Vygotsky. The comments are aimed at reconstructing the knowledge of religious and artistic texts necessary for understanding the article, as well as the discussions that are characteristic of the Jewish cultural tradition. The analysis of compositional and stylistic features of Vygotsky’s article and of its inner dialogical nature also plays an important part. The comments conclude with an outline of certain issues which would later reappear in Vygotsky’s psychological research.

Self-sacrifice for in-group's history: A diachronic perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Babińska ◽  
Michal Bilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Reciprocal Process ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe problem of extended fusion and identification can be approached from a diachronic perspective. Based on our own research, as well as findings from the fields of social, political, and clinical psychology, we argue that the way contemporary emotional events shape local fusion is similar to the way in which historical experiences shape extended fusion. We propose a reciprocal process in which historical events shape contemporary identities, whereas contemporary identities shape interpretations of past traumas.

Appropriation des Savoirs et Mémoire Collective

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Sophie Richardot
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Memoire Collective ◽  
Obedience To Authority

The aim of this study is to understand to what extent soliciting collective memory facilitates the appropriation of knowledge. After being informed about Milgram’s experiment on obedience to authority, students were asked to mention historical or contemporary events that came to mind while thinking about submission to authority. Main results of the factorial analysis show that the students who do not believe in the reproducibility of the experimental results oppose dramatic past events to a peaceful present, whereas those who do believe in the reproducibility of the results also mention dramatic contemporary events, thus linking past and present. Moreover, the students who do not accept the results for today personify historical events, whereas those who fully accept them generalize their impact. Therefore, according to their attitude toward this objet of knowledge, the students refer to two kinds of memory: a “closed memory,” which tends to relegate Milgram’s results to ancient history; and an “open memory,” which, on the contrary, transforms past events into a concept that helps them understand the present. Soliciting collective memory may contribute to the appropriation of knowledge provided the memory activated is an “open” one, linking past to present and going beyond the singularity of the event.

Şiirde sürgünün izdüşümü: Özkan Mert'in Ülkesinden Ayrılan Bir İşçinin Türküsü ve bir Mültecinin Mektubu şiirlerine Göstergebilimsel bir yaklaşım

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-248
Author(s):  
Medine Sivri
Keyword(s):  
Deep Structure ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Exile Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
Deductive Method

Bu çalışmada, bir ‘sürgün şair’ olarak anılan Özkan Mert’in Ülkesinden Ayrılan Bir İşçinin Türküsü ve Bir Mültecinin Mektubu şiirleri göstergebilimsel bir yaklaşımla yeniden okunmaya çalışılacaktır. Özellikle farklı imgesel yapıları ve farklı bir dil kullanımını içinde barındıran ve bir ‘dünyalı şair’ olarak da anılan Özkan Mert’in şiirlerini biçimsel ve içeriksel yapılarıyla ele almak, son zamanlarda çokça tartışılan ‘sürgün edebiyatı’ ile ilgili görüşlere de katkı sunacaktır. Şiirler çözümlenirken, yüzeysel yapıdan derin yapıya doğru ilerleyen tümdengelimci yöntem izlenecek ve en son aşamada şiirler anlamsal yapılarıyla karşılaştırılmaya çalışılacaktır.ENGLISH ABSTRACTThe Projection of Exile in Poetry: A Semiotics Approach to Özkan Mert’s poems titled Ülkesinden Ayrılan Bir İşçinin Türküsü and Bir Mültecinin Mektubu In the current study, it will be tried to reread the poems titled Ülkesinden Ayrılan Bir İşçinin Türküsü and Bir Mültecinin Mektubu of Özkan Mert, who is known as an exiled poet, with a semiotics approach. Considering the poems of Özkan Mert, who is known as an “poet of the world” and contains different imaginary structures and a different language usage, with their stylistic and contextual structure will also make contribution to the “exile literature” that is argued recently. During the analysis of poems, the deductive method proceeding from the superficial structure to deep structure will be practised and finally the poems will be compared about their semantic structures.Keywords: Özkan Mert; Semiotics; Exile Literature; Superficial Structure; Deep Structure

Archibald Menzies (1754–1842), an early botanist on the northwestern seaboard of North America, 1792–1794, with further notes on his life and work

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIC W. GROVES
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Short Biography

ABSTRACT: This paper includes a short biography of Menzies and an outline of the historical events on the northwest Pacific coast leading up to Vancouver's voyage. A table listing the botanical visitors to that area prior to 1792 is given followed by a résumé of the evolution of Menzies's journal. Sources used in compiling the chronology of his movements during Vancouver's voyage are then set down, ending the section with an account of Menzies's own visit, 1792–1794. His method of plant collecting is discussed along with an account of his collections and their subsequent disposal. The paper concludes with details of Menzies's later life, his connection with other botanists of the day, and an assessment of his achievements.

Staging the World: The Devils as Theatrum Mundi

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-514
Author(s):  
Christophe Van Eecke
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Tidal Wave ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Mise En Abyme ◽  
Political Allegory ◽  
The World

When Ken Russell's film The Devils was released in 1971 it generated a tidal wave of adverse criticism. The film tells the story of a libertine priest, Grandier, who was burnt at the stake for witchcraft in the French city of Loudun in the early seventeenth century. Because of its extended scenes of sexual hysteria among cloistered nuns, the film soon acquired a reputation for scandal and outrage. This has obscured the very serious political issues that the film addresses. This article argues that The Devils should be read primarily as a political allegory. It shows that the film is structured as a theatrum mundi, which is the allegorical trope of the world as a stage. Rather than as a conventional recreation of historical events (in the tradition of the costume film), Russell treats the trial against Grandier as a comment on the nature of power and politics in general. This is not only reflected in the overall allegorical structure of the theatrum mundi, but also in the use of the film's highly modernist (and therefore timeless) sets, in Russell's use of the mise-en-abyme (a self-reflexive embedded play) and in the introduction of a number of burlesque sequences, all of which are geared towards achieving the film's allegorical import.

The Qur'an, Faith and the Impact of the Feminist Interpretative Movement on the Arabic Text and its Legacy

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Hassan al-Shafīe
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Text ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Intellectual Movement ◽  
Qur'anic Interpretation

The present study discusses the cultural and intellectual movement, now on the point of prevalence in the contemporary Islamic world, which adopts the Western ‘hermeneutical method’ and applies it to the Qur'an in particular, and Islamic religious texts in general. The author shows this movement's complete disregard for the established principles of tafsīr, the traditional Arab-Islamic rules of Qur'anic interpretation and the related Prophetic aḥādīth as preserved in the authenticated Sunna. The author argues that the ‘hermeneutical method’ starts from the preconceived notion that the Islamic heritage is male-centred and biased against women, both theoretically and practically, and, on this basis, proposes that the time has come for an intellectual break with this premise and the re-interpretation of the Qur'an and faith in the light of Western Christian hermeneutics. This paper proposes that this method fails to take historical events and the civilisational Islamic experience into account.

Wilde Crimes: The Art of Murder and Decadent (Homo)Sexuality in Gyles Brandreth's Oscar Wilde Series

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Susanne Gruss
Keyword(s):  
Oscar Wilde ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
The Real ◽  
Victorian Fiction ◽  
Historical Detail

Gyles Brandreth's Oscar Wilde novels (2007–12) appropriate Wilde for a neo-Victorian crime series in which the sharp-witted aestheticist serves as a detective à la Sherlock Holmes. This article explores Brandreth's art of adapting Wilde (both the man and the works) and English decadent culture on several levels. The novels can, of course, be read as traditional crime mysteries: while readers follow Wilde as detective, they are simultaneously prompted to decipher the ‘truth’ of biographical and cultural/historical detail. At the same time, the mysteries revolve around Wilde's scandalous (homo)sexuality and thus his masculinity. The novels remain curiously cautious when it comes to the depiction of Wilde as homosexual: all novels showcase Wilde's marriage, Constance's virtues, and Oscar's love for his children, and the real ‘Somdomites’ are the murderers he pursues. By portraying these criminals and their crimes, the novels evade the less comfortable, transgressive aspects of Wilde's sexuality and help to reduce him to a thoroughly amusing decadent suitable for a general reading public. Brandreth's novels can therefore be read as a decidedly conservative account of Wilde's masculinity for the market of neo-Victorian fiction.

Ethical criteria of civilization choice

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-113
Author(s):  
Mykhaylo Loshchinin ◽  
Yurii Privalov ◽  
Yuriy Sapelkin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethical Criteria

The article discusses the understanding of civilizational choice as a sequence of political, social, cultural and other historical events. An assessment is made of the scale of social actions aimed at the civilizational reversal of society. The authors attempted to assess the risks of civilizational choice along the social vertical, using previously developed theoretical models of social risks for a socially heterogeneous society. In the course of the study, different phenomena related to the solution of the problem of ethics of civilizational choice were considered.

Getting Tough

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julilly Kohler-Hausmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
African American ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
The U.S

In 1970s America, politicians began “getting tough” on drugs, crime, and welfare. These campaigns helped expand the nation's penal system, discredit welfare programs, and cast blame for the era's social upheaval on racialized deviants that the state was not accountable to serve or represent. This book sheds light on how this unprecedented growth of the penal system and the evisceration of the nation's welfare programs developed hand in hand. The book shows that these historical events were animated by struggles over how to interpret and respond to the inequality and disorder that crested during this period. When social movements and the slowing economy destabilized the U.S. welfare state, politicians reacted by repudiating the commitment to individual rehabilitation that had governed penal and social programs for decades. In its place, they championed strategies of punishment, surveillance, and containment. The architects of these tough strategies insisted they were necessary, given the failure of liberal social programs and the supposed pathological culture within poor African American and Latino communities. This book rejects this explanation and describes how the spectacle of enacting punitive policies convinced many Americans that social investment was counterproductive and the “underclass” could be managed only through coercion and force. Spanning diverse institutions and weaving together the perspectives of opponents, supporters, and targets of punitive policies, the book offers new interpretations of dramatic transformations in the modern American state.

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