Appropriation des Savoirs et Mémoire Collective

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Sophie Richardot
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Memoire Collective ◽  
Obedience To Authority

The aim of this study is to understand to what extent soliciting collective memory facilitates the appropriation of knowledge. After being informed about Milgram’s experiment on obedience to authority, students were asked to mention historical or contemporary events that came to mind while thinking about submission to authority. Main results of the factorial analysis show that the students who do not believe in the reproducibility of the experimental results oppose dramatic past events to a peaceful present, whereas those who do believe in the reproducibility of the results also mention dramatic contemporary events, thus linking past and present. Moreover, the students who do not accept the results for today personify historical events, whereas those who fully accept them generalize their impact. Therefore, according to their attitude toward this objet of knowledge, the students refer to two kinds of memory: a “closed memory,” which tends to relegate Milgram’s results to ancient history; and an “open memory,” which, on the contrary, transforms past events into a concept that helps them understand the present. Soliciting collective memory may contribute to the appropriation of knowledge provided the memory activated is an “open” one, linking past to present and going beyond the singularity of the event.

Landscapes of belonging : Cuban ethnicity, class, and community

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Joshua E. Olsberg
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] This dissertation compares the life stories of Cubans in Miami, Florida and Baracoa, Cuba to explore how Cubans in different cultural spaces define their communities and sense of belonging. The study finds that collective memory and public narratives in those communities are shaped by political and historical events, and that elements of the community's broader history become part of our personal life stories.

scholarly journals Marie Stuart, Lettres de la dernière heure. Contribution à l’étude d’un « sous-genre » oublié

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-88
Author(s):  
Colette H. Winn ◽  
Hélène Camille Martin
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Memoire Collective ◽  
Genres Litteraires

Cet article se propose d’examiner les lettres de la dernière heure écrites par Marie Stuart lors de sa captivité à Fotheringay avant sa mort le 8 février 1587. Adressées à ses contemporains, ces lettres permettent à Marie Stuart de contrôler jusqu’au bout l’image qui restera d’elle-même dans la mémoire collective et, dans le même temps, elles favorisent l’examen de conscience. La lettre de la dernière heure se nourrit largement d’autres genres littéraires tels que la lettre d’adieu, les écrits sur l’art de mourir et le testament. Toutefois, ce qui fait sa spécificité, c’est le lien qu’elle entretient avec le rituel de la mort tel qu’il est conçu à l’époque. This article examines the letters of the last hour written by Mary Stuart during her captivity in Fotheringay before her death on February 8, 1587. Addressed to her contemporaries, these letters allow Mary Stuart to control until the end the image of her that will remain in collective memory and, at the same time, they promote self-examination. The letter of the last hour is closely related to several literary genres like the farewell letter, the arts of dying, and the testament but its specificity lies in its relation to the ritual of death as it was conceived at the time.

Malaysian generational cohorts in the new media era: historical events and collective memory

Media Asia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Hasrina Mustafa ◽  
Sharifah Nadiah Syed Mukhiar ◽  
Shariffah Suraya Syed Jamaludin ◽  
Norhani Mohd Jais
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Generational Cohorts ◽  
Historical Events

Alexander Chubaryan and Conflicts in the Field of European Historical Memory

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11 (109)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Viktor Ishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Development And Evolution

The article raises the question of the possibility of the existence of a pan-European historical memory, analyzes the features of the development and evolution of the content of the European narrative of historical memory in the late 20th — early 21st centuries and the historical policy of a number of countries. It is shown first of all on the example of the textbook for Russian and German teachers “Russia — Germany. Milestones of joint history in collective memory”, how through joint work on educational literature on history, Russian academics and their colleagues from some European countries manage to find consensus on complex debatable issues of interpretation of historical events. The role of Russian academy of Sciences member Alexander Chubaryan in the development and dissemination of this form of international cooperation of historians is revealed.

When a historical analogy fails: Current political events and collective memory contestation in the news

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis LF Lee ◽  
Joseph Man Chan ◽  
Dennis KK Leung
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Memory Studies ◽  
State Violence ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Historical Analogy ◽  
The Relationship

Collective memory studies have emphasized how people can utilize important historical events as analogies to make sense of current happenings. This article argues that the invocation of historical analogies may, under certain circumstances, become an occasion for people to negotiate and contest the significance of the historical events. Focusing on Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement in 2014, this article analyzes how references to the 1989 Tiananmen Incident emerged in the news as a dominant historical analogy when the movement began, foregrounding the possibility of state violence. But when state violence did not materialize, the authorities, young protesters, and radical activists started to contest the relevance of Tiananmen. The analogy was largely abandoned by the movement’s end. The analysis illustrates the recursive character of the relationship between past and present events: after the past is invoked to aid interpretations of the present, present developments may urge people to reevaluate the past.

scholarly journals Mémoire collective dans les industries culturelles

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Julie Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
The World ◽  
Systemic Discrimination ◽  
Memoire Collective ◽  
Public Decision

The cultural industries participate in building collective memory because, in many cases, public decision-makers have chosen to elevate individual memories to the rank of collective memory. Cultural industries are faced with systemic discrimination (Eikhof and Warhurst, 2013), which suggests the collective memory of these industries face the same challenges. In this theoretical article, we propose a framework based on Boltanski andThévenot’s (1991, 2006) theory of justification in order to make collective memory in cultural industries more inclusive. First, we conceptualize collective memory as a compromise between the domestic and civic worlds of Boltanski and Thévenot (1991, 2006). Then, the artists and their individual memories are presented using the world of inspiration. Finally, we propose using the world of projects to make the collective memory of cultural industries more inclusive. We, therefore, propose greater openness and democratization of collective memory in the cultural industries due to the world of projects.

scholarly journals Between Grief and Pride: Visual Methods for the Study of Intergenerational Features of Emotional Experiences and Collective Memory of the War

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-143
Author(s):  
A.M. Rikel ◽  
N.V. Fedorova ◽  
I.B. Bovina
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Second World

The category of generation and emotional reactions within the framework of collective memory are considered as central categories within the framework of the research presented here. It is assumed that historical events are associated with certain emotional experiences, and the collective memory retains extremely positive or extremely negative ones. The study was conducted using visual methods, in which the subjects were asked to assess their feelings and emotions when looking at photographs of various wars of the XX century. Conclusions are drawn about the most pronounced feeling of fear among all generations of Russians when assessing various images of war; the absence of differences in the perception of the Second World War among four generations of Russians (N = 589 people) in all emotional reactions, except for the experience of pride in the results of the war. Separately, the so-called “Y” generation is described, experiencing the least vivid emotional reaction, including in terms of feelings of empathy.

scholarly journals Beyond the Battlefields of Memory: Historical Traumas and Hungarian Literature

Porównania ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Tamás Kisantal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
Hungarian Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
Literary Canons

One can describe the contemporary Hungarian collective memory as an interpretational field of some traumatic historical events of the twentieth century. The essay aims to sketch some important tendencies of the literary representation of these events after the millennium. At first, it outlines the wider social and political contexts of these literary works. Secondly, it models the current Hungarian cultural field as an opposition between two strategies of memory labeling them in Michael Rothberg’s terminology as competitive and multidirectional ones. These approaches to the past are also associated with different ideological implications and literary canons. Finally, with a brief overview of some recent novels, the essay demonstrates some pathways of representing multidirectional attitudes to the past in the Hungarian literary fiction of the 2000s.

Mémoire des conflits, conflits de mémoires: une approche psychosociale et philosophique du rôle de la mémoire collective dans les processus de réconciliation intergroupe

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Licata ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Raphaël Gély
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Memoire Collective ◽  
Crucial Part

Reconstructing the past is a crucial part of intergroup reconciliation processes because, after a conflict, collective memory undermines a great part of animosity, hatred, and distrust between groups. The di ficulty of managing memories rests on the triple challenge it has to face: allowing the recognition and healing of individual su ferings; preserving social identities of both groups; while allowing them to live together in peace. Hence, an improper management of collective memory could lead to the resurgence of conflict, or even to a cycle of revenge wherein past wounds justify present violence. In this paper, which will draw both from social psychology and from philosophy, we start by delineating the concept of collective memory and its relationships with social identity. Then we identify the processes through which collective memory of past conflicts is likely to impede reconciliation. Finally, we attempt to envision solutions through processes of transmission of memories both within and between social groups.

Tell me what you remember and I will know who you are: The link between collective memory and social categorization

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Louis Tavani ◽  
Julie Collange ◽  
Patrick Rateau ◽  
Michel-Louis Rouquette ◽  
Bo Rasyid Sanitioso
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Categorization ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Target Person ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Collective Memories

The present article aims to show that collective memories could serve as a criterion in social categorization. We predicted that a target person who shares common collective memories will be perceived as similar (to the self), relatively more favorably and categorized as an ingroup member. We conducted four studies using memories of historical events or childhood objects. These studies consistently showed that a target who shares common memories is more likely to be perceived as an ingroup member than someone who does not. This effect is mediated by perceived similarity to the self. Finally, individuals who share common memories are perceived more favorably than when they do not. However, according to the type of collective memories (historical events vs. childhood memories) sharing memories impacts either perceived competence or perceived warmth. The current sets of studies support the idea that collective memory influences social categorization processes, exemplifying its group identity-defining function.

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