scholarly journals Leprosy review

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lehlohonolo Makhakhe
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Hansen's Disease ◽  
Hansen’S Disease ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) can affect multiple organs and body structures. Skin signs are typically observed in the early phase of the disease, hence being the first identifiable signs to propel clinical suspicion. Leprosy predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. The disease has been documented many centuries preceding the biblical era. Over many decades, the classification of Hansen’s disease has changed as modern medical science evolved. Patients with leprosy are usually subjected to discrimination, rejection from society and can suffer from social stigma, poor quality of life (QoL), low self-esteem and permanent disfigurements. Studies have shown that leprosy has a significant negative impact on the patients’ QoL. Leprosy is often not suspected by practicing clinicians because it is no longer emphasised in the medical curricula. In modern years, attention has gradually shifted from leprosy to tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Financial Security, Food Security and Quality of Daily Lives of Residents in Nigeria during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7925
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Olanrewaju Ibigbami ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Brandon Brown ◽  
Nourhan M. Aly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Factors Associated

An online survey was conducted to identify factors associated with financial insecurity, food insecurity and poor quality of daily lives of adults in Nigeria during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The associations between the outcome (experience of financial loss, changes in food intake and impact of the pandemic on daily lives) and the explanatory (age, sex, education level, anxiety, depression, HIV status) variables were determined using logistic regression analysis. Of the 4439 respondents, 2487 (56.0%) were financially insecure, 907 (20.4%) decreased food intake and 4029 (90.8%) had their daily life negatively impacted. Males (AOR:0.84), people who felt depressed (AOR:0.62) and people living with HIV -PLHIV- (AOR:0.70) had significantly lower odds of financial insecurity. Older respondents (AOR:1.01) had significantly higher odds of financial insecurity. Those depressed (AOR:0.62) and PLHIV (AOR:0.55) had significantly lower odds of reporting decreased food intake. Respondents who felt anxious (AOR:0.07), depressed (AOR: 0.48) and who were PLHIV (AOR:0.68) had significantly lower odds of reporting a negative impact of the pandemic on their daily lives. We concluded the study findings may reflect a complex relationship between financial insecurity, food insecurity, poor quality of life, mental health, and socioeconomic status of adults living in Nigeria during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Consolidation and reconsolidation of visual and semantic memory in Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VB Nikishina ◽  
EA Petrash ◽  
AA Kuznetsova ◽  
TV Shuteeva ◽  
IA Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Memory Consolidation And Reconsolidation

Cognitive and mnestic impairments have a significant negative impact on the quality of parkinsonian patients’ life. Memory impairment causes changes in the mechanisms of information processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of transformations undergone by memorized visual and semantic content during memory consolidation and reconsolidation in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The study was conducted on 32 male patients with PD (ICD code: G20). Among the patients, 9 had rigidity/bradykinesia-d ominant PD, 11 had tremor-dominant PD, and 12 suffered from a mixed type of PD. Short-term memory span was assessed using the 10 words and the visual memory tests proposed by Luria. As stimulus materials we used a symbolic representation of the old Greek letter resembling an owl and a translated excerpt from a Canadian aboriginal epic. Regardless of the PD form, the quality of the memorized information was either altered or completely lost. The mechanisms underlying such transformations differed quantitively depending on the PD form. Transformation of the memorized information occurred in the conditions of both incidental and deliberate memorization and was represented by distortions (substitution of the original content with confabulations) and simplifications of the structural and semantic organization. We consolidated significantly lesser amount of auditory verbal (р = 0.018) and visual (p = 0.029) information. This trend was consistent with the pronounced distortion of content during its retrieval.

Hirsutism

2011 ◽  
pp. 1239-1249
Author(s):  
Bulent O. Yildiz ◽  
Ricardo Azziz
Keyword(s):  
Hair Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Androgen Excess ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

Hirsutism is defined as excess growth of body or facial terminal (coarse) hair in females, in a male-like pattern. The condition has a significant negative impact on a woman’s self-esteem and on her quality of life. Hirsutism affects 5–15% of the women, and is the most commonly used clinical diagnostic criterion of androgen excess or hyperandrogenism (1). Depending on age and race/ethnicity, 80–90% of women with hirsutism will have an androgen excess disorder, most often polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and including idiopathic hirsutism, and non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH), among the others. This chapter outlines androgen metabolism in women, physiology and pathophysiology of hair growth, epidemiology of and differential diagnosis of hirsutism, other signs of androgen excess including acne, androgenetic alopecia, and virilization, and the clinical investigation, and treatment of the hirsute patient.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with erectile dysfunction among adult men in Moshi municipal, Tanzania: community-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan B. Nyalile ◽  
Emmanuel H. P. Mushi ◽  
Epiphania Moshi ◽  
Beatrice J. Leyaro ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) has a negative impact on ones’ relationships with poor quality of life as inevitable result. The effects of ED maybe worse in developing countries setting like Tanzania because men’s sexual health has been forgotten. Men’s sexual and reproductive health needs are not in the national reproductive health strategic. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with erectile dysfunction among adult men in Moshi municipality, northern Tanzania. Results The mean age of the 381 men was 39.6 (SD ±16.8) years. The overall prevalence of ED on this study was 29.7%. The severity of ED among study participants was; 13.4% (51), 9.7% (37), 3.7% (14), 2.9% (11) had mild, mild to moderate, moderate and severe erectile dysfunction respectively. Age 40–54 years (Adjusted OR 5.0, 95% CI 2.5–9.9), > 55 years (aOR 11.7, 95% CI 5.8–23.7) and hypertension (aOR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1–6.4) were independent predictors of ED respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of ED is high among men in Moshi municipal as 1 out of 3 men have ED. Age and hypertension were independent predictors of ED. These results point to the need of community awareness and education programs to raise awareness among men about existence of ED problem, its consequence and where they can get advice and care in this setting. Further, health providers taking care of hypertensive and men with DM should be equipped with knowledge and skills on early detection for ED and how to counsel and where to refer patients for help.

Supporting patients considering reconstructive surgery

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Harcourt ◽  
Alex Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Cancer diagnosis and treatment can have a significant negative impact on patients’ well-being, body image, sexuality, and sense of self. Reconstructive surgery is commonly assumed to offer improved body image and quality of life to patients whose appearance has altered as a result of cancer treatment, but deciding whether or not to undergo reconstructive surgery can be difficult. This chapter uses the example of breast reconstruction to consider the ways in which patients faced with complex decisions about appearance-altering reconstructive surgery might be helped to make the choice that is best for them. It outlines typical options around the type and timing of breast reconstruction, considers patients’ motivation for surgery, and satisfaction with the outcome. It then explores ways of helping them make their decision, highlighting the use of decision aids and interventions focused around patients’ expectations of surgery as a way of facilitating shared decision-making in this context.

Paradigm 8: Community Care Is Destigmatizing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Stuart ◽  
Julio Arboleda-Flórez ◽  
Norman Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Health Movement ◽  
Community Mental Health Movement

Chapter 9 addresses how there have been many negative consequences for people with a mental illness as a result of the rapid deinstitutionalization of mental hospitals without appropriate community services to provide a safety net. These have included criminalization, increased stigmatization, social exclusion, poor quality of care, and poorer health outcomes. It covers how these problems challenge the notion that the community mental health movement has been a destigmatizing force leading to greater social participation for people with a mental illness. Because they are now more visible, and often less supported by treatment systems, people with a mental illness living in the community may be at greater risk of experiencing social stigma.

scholarly journals Perceptions and attitudes of patients towards medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ): a qualitative study in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Sturrock ◽  
Philip M Preshaw ◽  
Catherine Hayes ◽  
Scott Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) on quality of life and to explore the attitudes and perceptions of patients towards the multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of the condition.DesignInterpretivist methodology using qualitative semistructured interviews.SettingPrimary care general medical practices and secondary care dental services in England.Participants23 patients; 6 with MRONJ, 13 prescribed bisphosphonates, 4 with osteoporosis not currently prescribed any medication.ResultsPatients felt that MRONJ had a significant negative impact on their quality of life and had poor knowledge of the preventive strategies recommended in the literature. Patients demonstrated positive attitudes towards a multidisciplinary approach to care; however, they perceived prescribers as having the key role in articulating risk. Four salient and inter-related themes emerged from the interviews: (1) perception of knowledge, indicating limited awareness of the condition, risk factors and preventive strategies; (2) quality of life, indicating the lived experiences of patients and the physical, psychological and social impacts of MRONJ; (3) interprofessional management, indicating a perceived organisational hierarchy, professional roles and responsibilities, prioritising aspects of care, articulation of risk and communication and (4) wider context, indicating demands on National Health Service resources and barriers to dental care.ConclusionsMRONJ has a significant detrimental impact on quality of life, yet appropriate preventative education is not apparent. Effective interprofessional patient education and prevention to mitigate against the risk of developing MRONJ is required.

scholarly journals Viruses infecting main ornamental plants: an overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Vjacheslavovna Mitrofanova ◽  
Alexsandr Vladimirovich Zakubanskiy ◽  
Olga Vladimirovna Mitrofanova
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Viruses And Viroids ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Ornamental plants are cultivated for decorative and utility purposes in urban landscapes throughout the world. They are much valued for their aesthetic properties and constitute an important part of the global horticulture industry. Plant viruses and viroids of various taxonomic groups have a significant negative impact on ornamentals provoking a wide range of symptoms, reducing both decorative value and quality of propagated material and causing large economic damage. A significant growth of the ornamental plants market in recent years promotes the spread of viral diseases. Therefore, systematization of data on virus and viroid phytopathogens diversity in these cultures is an urgent research task. Among the most popular ornamentals are chrysanthemum, rose, clematis, canna, and lavender. More than fifty viruses and viroids from 17 different families (including two viroid families) have been identified in these crops to date. In the presented review, we described the variety of these pathogens and their effect on the above-mentioned ornamentals

scholarly journals Interrelationship of Neurogenic Obesity and Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Felix ◽  
David R. Gater
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chronic Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

The prevalence of obesity and of neuropathic pain are both estimated at above 50% in the population of people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). These secondary consequences of SCI have significant negative impact on physical functioning, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Investigations of relationships between weight or body composition and chronic neuropathic pain in people with SCI are lacking, but investigations in non-SCI cohorts suggest an association between obesity and the presence and severity of neuropathic pain conditions. In the present article, we present a review of the literature linking obesity and neuropathic pain and summarize findings suggesting that metabolic syndrome and chronic, systemic inflammation due to excess adiposity increase the risk for neuropathic pain after an SCI.

scholarly journals Social Indicators and the Effectiveness of Social Transfers in Greece over the Recent Crisis

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Maria Botsari ◽  
Theodoros Mitrakos
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Of Greece

<p>In this paper we present key statistics on poverty, inequality and social exclusion in Greece and the eurozone over the crisis period 2009-2014. The data presented in this paper reveal that six years of economic recession and usterity in Greece have had a significant negative impact on rates of poverty and social exclusion, which have reached historically unprecedented and socially unacceptable high levels. Our data and analyses suggest that the Welfare State, one of the major functions of which is to redistribute income collected through taxation via social transfers, is the least effective in Greece, among all eurozone countries, in alleviating poverty and income inequality. Greece is ranked last in the Eurozone in terms of trust in government, freedom of choice, perceived levels of public sector corruption, and happiness, and third and second to last, respectively, in terms of trust in others and social support. We argue that the erosion of the social fabric and the perceived quality of the Greek climate of trust appear to be part of the story of Greece being the biggest happiness loser among 125 countries from 2005-2007 to 2012-2014.</p>

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