Identifying risks facing the South African tourism industry

Even though risks certainly influence travel and tourism patterns, very little research has been conducted into how the industry generally perceives and manages risks. This article aims to (i) identify the risks the South African tourism industry deems important; (ii) construct a matrix for assessing the various risks identified and (iii) determine whether sectors of the industry rate the importance of risks differently. In total, there were 212 responses to the questionnaire in the survey on South African tourism businesses. The statistical analysis included a factor analysis and an ANOVA (analysis of variance). Nine factors were identified and the ANOVA confirmed that sectors do perceive differing levels of importance in the various risks. The risk assessment matrix showed that internal risks are rated among the most important, even though little attention is paid to these in the literature.

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THE FIRE, THE BURGLARY AND THE PRAETORIAN EDICT DE NAUTIS, CAUPONIBUS ET STABULARIIS

Obiter ◽

10.17159/obiter.v31i1.12385 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mark Tait ◽

Patrick Vrancken

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Foreign Currency ◽

Service Providers ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

The South ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

Unique Nature ◽

Bed And Breakfast ◽

Tourism Activity

The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest industry. This industry is also seen as one of the priority growth areas for the South African economy. In South Africa travel and tourism activity is expected to grow at a rate of 4.8% per annum in real terms between 2007 and 2016. This will mean an increase in travel and tourism economic activity in South Africa from R198.1 billion in 2006 to R511.5 billion in 2016. Based on these figures it is estimated that the travel and tourism industry will contribute 9.3% of the South African Gross Domestic Product (“GDP”) by 2016. One of the main benefits of the travel and tourism industry is its potential for attracting foreign currency. Already, tourism is the fourth largest foreign exchange earner in South Africa. Furthermore, the travel and tourism industry has major potential for generating employment. It is expected that by 2016 the travel and tourism industry will provide 1.5 million jobs (or one in every 11.6) in South Africa. South Africa’s travel and tourism industry has experienced significant growth in the last decade. This resulted in a substantial number of guest houses and bed-and-breakfast establishments opening their doors in every city, town and in between. This growth is evidenced, for example, in that South Africa is well on its way to reaching its target of attracting 10 million foreign visitors per year with a reported 7.6% increase in foreign visitors in the first five months of 2008 to a total of 3 983 061. With the rise in travel and tourism activity, it can be safely forecasted that there will be a rise in litigation revolving around the respective rights of tourists and tourist service providers. In a nascent travel and tourism law jurisprudence, each case decided in this regard ought to be carefully considered by both legal practitioners and the industry. A matter came before the then Cape High Court during 2002, based on an action whose (continued) existence in South African law had been questioned more than eighty years earlier. The case was Gabriel v Enchanted Bed and Breakfast (2002 2 SA 597 CPD (hereinafter the “Gabriel case”)). Just to confirm that this was not to be an isolated reliance upon an almost obsolete remedy, the Gabriel case was followed in 2005 by Roy v Basson NO (2007 5 SA 84 CPD (hereinafter the “Roy case”)). The legal remedy in question is the Praetorian edict de nautis, cauponibus et stabulariis. (Considering the fairly unique nature of the legal ground under consideration in these two cases it is somewhat surprising to note that the court in the Roy case did not refer to the Gabriel case at all). Both these cases concern the liability of the proprietor of an inn in terms of the Praetorian edict de nautis, cauponibus et stabulariis and are therefore of particular relevance for the South African travel and tourism industry. It is therefore opportune to consider the Praetor’s edict and its application anew.

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Strategic Conceptualisation of the South African Sport Tourism Sector’s Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic

African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure ◽

10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-86 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10(1) (10(1)) ◽

pp. 54-68

Author(s):

Janice Hemmonsbey ◽

Tembi Tichaawa ◽

Brendon Knott

Keyword(s):

Crisis Management ◽

South African ◽

Disaster Management ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Government Support ◽

Local Context ◽

Sport Tourism ◽

The South ◽

Travel And Tourism

This study aimed to identify the practical and policy-based implications for the South African sport tourism organisations by highlighting strategic approaches to rethinking sport tourism planning and management. A content analysis of published academic and industry papers that focused on disaster management or mitigation within the sport tourism context, within a global and local context were analysed and thematically coded. The results reveal the vulnerability of the sport tourism industry to global threats while highlighting the lack of preparedness of this sector to strategically respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Previous pandemics and disasters may provide an impetus for rethinking sport event hosting as well as travel and tourism, however not without substantial financial investments and government support. The resilient theory emphasises the synergistic effects of crisis management in sport tourism. This study proposes strategies to guide industry stakeholders towards a research agenda that is based on identified gaps in knowledge within the sport tourism field in order to rethink sport tourism. This paper also contributes to the extant knowledge on crisis management and disaster management by incorporating strategic perspectives of resilient theory. There is significant value to current policies and practices regarding new strategic approaches to crisis management in sport tourism

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Incentive Guidelines for South African Tourism: Implications and Challenges in the Context of Developing Socio-Political Trends

Tourism Economics ◽

10.1177/135481669500100103 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jonathan Z. Bloom ◽

Frederik J. Mostert

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

South African ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Significant Issue ◽

The South ◽

Decision Matrix ◽

Fiscal Incentives ◽

Tourism Policy ◽

The Government

The need for some form of support from governmental sources to advance the tourism industry by means of financial and fiscal incentives has become a significant issue. This article provides a comparison of incentives found internationally with those available in South Africa. Various shortcomings pertaining to the types of incentives provided are discussed. The main aim of the paper is to analyse three incentive options in the context of tourism policy together with a decision matrix which could be used by the government to make a choice between alternative options. A conceptual framework is provided which could form the basis for the government in its choice of incentives. The implications and challenges of providing incentives for the tourism industry are discussed in the context of developing socio-political trends within the South African environment

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Application of the Technology Acceptance Model and the Technology–Organisation–Environment Model to examine social media marketing use in the South African tourism industry

SA Journal of Information Management ◽

10.4102/sajim.v20i1.790 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosemary Matikiti ◽

Mercy Mpinganjira ◽

Mornay Roberts-Lombard

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Technology Acceptance ◽

South African ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Ease Of Use ◽

Social Media Marketing ◽

Perceived Ease Of Use ◽

The South ◽

Travel Agencies ◽

Use Of Social Media

Background: In tourism, globally there is a growing interest in social media marketing research. However, most previous research on social media marketing has focused on large tourism enterprises such as chain hotels, leaving out small tourism businesses such as travel agencies and tour operators. Objective: The aim of this research was to establish factors that influence attitude towards the use of social media marketing by travel agencies and tour operators in South Africa. Method: The study adopteda quantitative approach through the use of questionnaires. Data used in the analysis were collected from 150 travel agencies and tour operators by means of a structured questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that managerial support and managers’ level of education are the two main internal factors which influence attitude towards the use of social media marketing. Pressure from competitors, perceived benefits and perceived ease of use were found to be the most prominent external factors which influence the use of social media marketing. The results also revealed that technical knowledge moderates the relationship between attitude towards social media marketing and the level of social media marketing usage. Conclusion: The study concludes with these recommendations: Management of travel agencies, tour operating businesses and the South African government should support the use of social media marketing by small tourism businesses through providing training and workshops on social media marketing for the employees to acquire the required skills.

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Construction and Validation of the South African Version of the Fear Survey Schedule for Children: An Exploratory Factor Analysis

Behavior Therapy ◽

10.1016/j.beth.2012.02.001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 570-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Käthe Burkhardt ◽

Helene Loxton ◽

Ashraf Kagee ◽

Thomas H. Ollendick

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

South African ◽

Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽

The South ◽

Fear Survey Schedule

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Risk factors for failure in newly established small, micro and medium-sized enterprises in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province, South Africa

Risk Governance and Control Financial Markets & Institutions ◽

10.22495/rgcv5i4art1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 8-18

Author(s):

Zeleke Worku

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

The South ◽

Gauteng Province ◽

Entrepreneurial Skills ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Networking Ability ◽

Tourism Enterprises

The annual report issued for the financial year 2013/2014 by the South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2015) shows that the business confidence index of South Africa was equal to 89.3% in January 2015. According to the South African National Department of Tourism (2015), the tourism sector contributed 93 Billion Rand (3%) to the South African GDP in the year 2012. The contribution of the tourism sector was equal to 189.4 Billion Rand in the year 2009. This figure is projected to grow to 499 Billion Rand by the year 2020. According to the South African Small Enterprise Development Agency (2015), newly established and emerging business enterprises conducting business in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province are less viable and efficient in comparison with well-established tourism enterprises. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify risk factors for underperformance and bankruptcy in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province in South Africa. The study was based on data collected from a stratified random sample of size 311 tourism enterprises that operate in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Data was collected on a large number of socio-economic factors that adversely affect entrepreneurial activities in the tourism sector of Gauteng Province. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection and analyses was used in the study. Examples of variables on which data was gathered was level of entrepreneurial skills, level of formal education, location of business, duration of experience, amount of capital, number of employees, ability to network with other tourist operators, degree of competition from rival operators, geographical location, category of business, category of entrepreneurial skills, average number of visitors per month, net profit, size of business, market share, access to finance, and degree of support from Government agencies. Results obtained from the study showed that the long-term survival and viability of African entrepreneurs in the tourism industry of Gauteng Province was significantly and adversely affected by the degree of competition from rival operators, poor networking ability, lack of entrepreneurial skills, low capital, and geographical location. The study found that African entrepreneurs in the tourism industry of Gauteng Province lagged behind their white counterparts significantly in terms of networking ability, capital and entrepreneurial skills. In addition, 82% of the 311 African entrepreneurs who participated in the study lacked suitable skills due to their poor and irrelevant academic and vocational background, and that 59% of entrepreneurs had received little or no assistance in terms of mentoring or training opportunities from South African Government agencies.

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The Problems of Small Businesses in the South Carolina Travel and Tourism Industry. John A. Pearce II, Bruce R. Schmidt, and Fred R. David. Business and Economic Review, vol. 26, no. 5, April 1980, pp. 18-23. Division of Research, College of Business Administra tion, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208

Journal of Travel Research ◽

10.1177/004728758001900128 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 32-32

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Small Businesses ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

The South ◽

University Of South Carolina ◽

Travel And Tourism ◽

College Of Business ◽

The University

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Intelligence-led policing: A proactive approach to combating corruption

South African Crime Quarterly ◽

10.4314/sacq.v52i1.5 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Trevor Budhram

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Risk Management ◽

South African ◽

The South ◽

Proactive Approach

Corruption causes substantial social and economic harm. The South African government’s attempts to combat corruption have relied on strengthening legislation, introducing statutory investigative bodies, initiating public anti-corruption campaigns, and appealing to the integrity of individuals. Yet corruption remains a big problem in South Africa. However, one approach that has yet to be pursued is intelligence-led policing (ILP). ILP is a model built around proactive risk assessment and risk management. This article explains how ILP can be used to investigate corruption in South Africa.

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