Contamination and current practice in decontamination pof nebulisers in ventilated patients

To examine the incidence of contamination and current practice of decontamination of nebulisers after use within a ventilator circuit, in public- and private sector intensive care units (ICUs) in Johannesburg; to assess the presence of and adherence to a decontamination protocol in these ICUs and to identify which practices were associated with lower or no bacterial growth. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used which included a semi-structured interview with the ICU manager and an audit of current nebuliser practice. Nebulisers that were identified in the interview were swabbed and streaked on blood agar plates (BAPs). BAPs were incubated and assessed for bacterial colonisation, number of colony forming units (CFUs) and number of different species of CFUs present. Results: Two hundred and sixty-nine ICU beds were surveyed over a two-month period resulting in 45 nebulisers used within a ventilator circuit that could be tested. The majority (93%) were single-use jet nebulisers, all were being re-used and 52% presented with contamination. None of the ICUs had a nebuliser decontamination protocol in place. Contaminated nebulisers that were stored in a sterile drape had significantly higher concentrations of bacterial growth (p=0.03). Conclusion: The rate of colonisation of re-used jet nebulisers is high. Nebuliser decontamination protocols are urgently needed.

Download Full-text

Tuberculosis practices among private medical practitioners in Kaski district, Nepal

International Journal of Infection and Microbiology ◽

10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7085 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 68-75

Author(s):

AK Nepal ◽

A Shrestha ◽

SC Baral ◽

R Bhattarai ◽

Y Aryal

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Care ◽

Private Sector ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Sputum Microscopy ◽

Public And Private Sector

INTRODUCTION: Although the evidences suggest that more than one third tuberculosis (TB) cases are being managed in private sector, the quality of care in private sector is major concern. However, the information regarding the private practices were lacking. Therefore the study was conducted to gain insights on current practices of TB management at private sectors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study, applying quantitative method, was conducted at two cities of Kaski among all private practitioners, private pharmacies and private laboratories through self administered questionnaire and structured interview schedule. RESULTS: Nearly one fourth of the TB suspects in the district were found to have consulted private providers with about 20.0% of the total smear positive cases diagnosed in private laboratories. Beside sputum microscopy, Private Medical Practitioners (PMPs) were also found to prefer other tests like X-ray, culture for TB diagnosis. Similarly, PMPs’ varying prescription of anti TB drugs beyond National TB Programme (NTP) recommendation along with their weak recording and case holding were noteworthy, and the cost of TB treatment seemed higher in private sector. Only one third of private institution had their staff trained in TB. Except some informal linkage, no collaboration between public and private sector was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Private sector was managing many TB cases in the district. However, their practice of TB management was not much satisfactory. Therefore NTP should take effective measures for Public Private Mix and to make them aware of the standards through training and orientation in order to improve the quality of care. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i2.7085 Int J Infect Microbiol 2012;1(1):68-75

Download Full-text

The Training Experience and Professional Expectations of Allied Health Workers Students in Angola

10.21203/rs.3.rs-142615/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paulo Ferrinho ◽

Nkanga Guimarães ◽

Helga Freitas

Keyword(s):

Allied Health ◽

Support Systems ◽

Health Workers ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Training Experience ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Training Institutions ◽

Public And Private Sector

Abstract BackgroundWe describe the profile of Angolan final year allied health workers (AHW) students: where they come from, their experience of training and expectations regarding professional future. MethodsIt was a questionnaire based observational cross-sectional study applied to final year AHW students in 24 public and private sector , higher and mid-level training institutions in 14 of the 18 provinces of Angola during 2014.ResultsMost AHW students were women, satisfied with their choice of training. Satisfaction with teachers was high but low regarding support systems such as access to library, laboratories and clinical cases.After training AHW students wanted to settle in Angola, preferable in hospital practice, preferably in the public sector and in a national or provincial capital, rather than in the municipal hospitals. ConclusionsThis study highlights some of the issues that will have to be addressed by training institutions in order to contribute to a balanced health workforce in Angola, with AHW in quantity with the quality and distribution necessary to address health system and population needs. It highlights the importance of private education institutions in meeting this need. As training is a significant investment by students or their relatives, training institutions must strive to improve support systems in terms of access to libraries, laboratories, clinical cases, informatic support, canteens, accommodation and leisure activities.

Download Full-text

Disciplined Nation? Attitude towards Self Practiced Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention in Prevention of Covid-19 Infection among Adults before Complete Lockdown was Imposed in India

International Journal of Preventive Curative & Community Medicine ◽

10.24321/2454.325x.202004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 (01) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Shweta Goswami ◽

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

English Language ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Work Place ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Urban Adults ◽

Public And Private Sector

Background: Preparedness for passive intervention in form of social distancing in cultural setting of India needs to be studied. Objective: To determine the attitude of urban adults of India regarding feasibility of social distancing as a mode of prevention of Covid-19 transmission before complete lockdown in country was imposed. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among adults who were literate in English language and were residing in urban areas of various regions India. Data was collected between 16th to 20thMarch, 2020 before lockdown in various districts were started and Janatacurfew (lockdown) was announced. Questionnaire included hypothetical scenarios to assess attitude of study population on social distancing. Result:There were 264 completed responses. 87.9% among all believed that social distancing will prevent them and others too. Positive attitude towards work place related social distancing was reported by 84.8%. Feasibility towards avoiding market and going to family functions (coping strategies) were showing positive attitude among 52.3% and 72.9% respectively. Giving leave to maid (active prevention) was difficult for 47.4% female respondents, 73.3% employees in public and private sector and 83.3% of age more than 60 years. Conclusion: The urban India with so much of diversities showed a promising favorable attitude towards social distancing.

Download Full-text

Bacterial contamination and stethoscope disinfection practices: a cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers in Karachi, Pakistan

Tropical Doctor ◽

10.1177/0049475516686543 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 226-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Danish Ahmed Rao ◽

Aiysha Aman ◽

Syed Muhammad Mubeen ◽

Ahmed Shah

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Private Institutions ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Micro Organisms

Stethoscopes routinely used for clinical examination of patients may potentially transfer micro-organisms and cause iatrogenic infections. This study was undertaken to detect the presence of microorganisms on stethoscopes used clinically in hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan and to ascertain the infection control practices of healthcare workers (HCWs). In a cross-sectional study, 118 samples were collected from public and private institutions. Samples were tested for the presence and sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms. Microorganisms were found on diaphragms of 33/64 (51.6%) and 19/57 (33.3%) stethoscopes in public and private sector hospitals, respectively. Methycillin resistance was identified in all staphylococcally contaminated samples. Only 33 (18%) respondents reported cleaning their stethoscopes regularly. We highlight the need for more and better on-the-job routines for decontaminating stethoscopes among HCWs in Karachi.

Download Full-text

Examining the Antecedents of Job Satisfaction and further its impact on Organizational Commitment

Journal of Public Administration and Governance ◽

10.5296/jpag.v3i3.6224 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 317

Author(s):

Aisha Javeria ◽

Muhammad Rizwan ◽

Ali Junaid Khan ◽

Amjad Hameed ◽

Qazi Naeem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Organizational Commitment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vital Role ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Workplace Environment ◽

The Public ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

The Human capital plays a vital role in success of any organization. The contended and committed employee is a key to achieve organizational objective. There are several researches conducted to understand the function of worker’s satisfaction and commitment towards job but this area of study is remain unexposed. The purpose of this study is to discuss and examine the forces which lead to private and govt sector workers Job satisfaction and organizational commitment. A theoretical model was anticipated and tested and findings indicates various challenges for HRM that the factors which contributes to job satisfaction does not necessarily makes the employee committed. This research is a cross sectional study. A sample of 170 respondents was taken from the Public and Private sector Professional around Pakistan. The data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire, using the earlier conventional scales and the results demonstrated that Relationship with coworkers, workplace environment, empowerment, pay and promotion have a significant positive relationship with job satisfaction while in turn only the job satisfaction and empowerment leads to organizational commitment. Relationship with coworkers, pay and promotion and workplace environment have insignificant relation with organizational commitment.

Download Full-text

Knowledge and practice regarding prevention of puerperal sepsis among postpartum women attending a private hospital in Bangladesh

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184029 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 3264

Author(s):

Shirin Sultana ◽

Fatema Zohora Methe ◽

Faisal Muhammad ◽

ABM Alauddin Chowdhury

Keyword(s):

Maternal Mortality ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

College Hospital ◽

Related Condition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Puerperal Sepsis ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Study Participants

Background: Puerperal sepsis is a common pregnancy-related condition that could eventually lead to obstetric shock or sometimes death. In developing world, the puerperal sepsis is the second most cause of maternal mortality. Cases of Maternal mortality have not declined in spite of efforts by both the public and private sector to prevent such deaths.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 postpartum mothers who attended Ibn Sina Medical College Hospital (ISMCH) Bangladesh during August to December 2017. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the study participants and the data was collected using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire by face to face interview. The collected information was analysed using SPSS 22.0 version.Results: About 50.7% of the study participants were in the age group 19-29 years and the mean age of the study participants was 29.6±15.9 years. More than seven-tenths (73.3%) of the study participants were Muslims and the majority (24.7%) of the study participants had senior secondary certificate. Most of the study participants (62%) were living in urban area and only 18.7% were service holders. Only 39.3% of the respondents think that they have sufficient knowledge regarding prevention of puerperal sepsis and about 78% of the study participants mentioned that getting immediate medical care for any wounds or even seasonal diseases prevents puerperal sepsis. About 37.4% were disagreed to avoid sexual intercourse during last 2 months of pregnancy prevents puerperal sepsis and about 51.3% were agreed to avoid appearances in crowded and unhygienic places, this will prevent from catching respiratory diseases.Conclusions: The findings reported that most of the study participants had poor level of knowledge regarding prevention of puerperal sepsis. However, the study participants had satisfactory practice level about prevention of puerperal sepsis. It further reveals that educational level and age of the study participants was found statistically significant with knowledge about prevention of puerperal sepsis.

Download Full-text

COMPARISON OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY AND STRESS SCORE AMONG CLINICAL AND NON-CLINICAL HEALTHCARE WORKERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i5.5372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 1865-69

Author(s):

Mishal Iqbal ◽

Mehak Iqbal ◽

Nadia Iftikhar ◽

Syed Hashim Ali Inam ◽

Hamza Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Public And Private Sector

Objective: To assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Health Diseases in June 2020. Methodology: A total of 317 healthcare professionals, of different designations, affiliated with different public and private sector hospitals in Pakistan participated in this project. They were asked to complete Depression, anxiety and stress scales-42 (DASS-42). Results: Out of 317 healthcare workers, 107 (33.75%), 111 (35.02%), 103(32.49%) were depressed, anxious and stressed respectively. Female gender was associated with a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusion: More than one third of healthcare workers were depressed, anxious or stressed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two out of five female healthcare workers were suffering from depression, anxiety or stress.Keywords:, , .

Download Full-text

PROSTATE CANCER AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE; A STUDY OF ADULT MEN IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v8i3.142 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 128-132

Author(s):

Bilal Mahmood Beg ◽

Abu Bakar Pasha ◽

Nasir Farooq Butt ◽

Sarah Shoaib Qureshi ◽

Fawad Ahmad Randhawa

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cancer Awareness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Adult Men ◽

Soft Copy ◽

Public And Private Sector

Background: The incidence and prevalence of prostate cancer is increasing in Pakistan in recent years. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in the whole world. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done using a questionnaire having questions related to symptoms and treatment options of Prostate cancer. A total of 352 healthy males aged 18 years and above were included in the study. Questionnaire was handed over to 102 healthy male attendants of patients presenting to outpatient department, Mayo hospital Lahore. A soft copy was also formatted using google forms and emailed to around 250 men of different age groups studying or working at various public and private sector nonmedical colleges and universities of Lahore. Descriptive statistics including mean, percentages and standard deviation was used to conclude results. Results: Out of 352 participants, more than half (55.7%) of the participants had heard of the prostate cancer while the others did not. Only 12.8% participants knew about the early symptoms of prostate cancer. More than a quarter participants (29.5%) were not sure about the treatment options of prostate cancer. Conclusion: The overall knowledge and awareness among general public about prostate cancer was poor. There is an urgent need to introduce a public sector awareness campaign for Prostate cancer in Pakistan.

Download Full-text

Service Quality Satisfaction: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Public and Private University Librarians in Pakistan

Libri ◽

10.1515/libri-2017-0011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shamshad Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Service Quality ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Private University ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Libraries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Four Dimensions ◽

The Public ◽

Public And Private Sector

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to identify service quality differences among librarians working in the public and private sector university libraries of Pakistan. An adapted instrument based on the SERVQUAL model, comprised of 30 items and divided into four dimensions, (a) responsiveness; (b) reliability; (c) assurance; and (d) empathy, was used to measure the service quality of librarians. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from the users of public and private university libraries, with the Mann-Whitney

Download Full-text

KNOWLEDGE OF CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT AMONG DOCTORS FROM GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECTORS OF UNION TERRITORY, CHANDIGARH

Indian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/issn.0019-5359.indianjmedsci20163522 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Sukhbir Singh ◽

Ashok Kumar ◽

Anil Kumar Gupta ◽

Arun K. Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Consumer Protection ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Medical Organization ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Consumer Protection Act ◽

Public And Private Sector ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

CONTEXT: Enough literature is not available on knowledge of the doctors regarding Consumer Protection Act (CPA). Lack of awareness of the treating doctors may make the entire hierarchy in the medical organization liable to the implications due to vicarious liabilities. AIM: A study was planned to benchmark the existing level of doctors’ knowledge regarding CPA in selected public and private sector medical organizations in Chandigarh. SETTING AND DESIGN: Hospital-based cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 440 doctors working in various government and private hospitals of Chandigarh were given a pretested self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 35 closed-ended questions of which 25 questions were for knowledge assessment and 10 questions were for assessing the perceptions of the doctors on the implications of the act. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: All the 25 knowledge questions were scored. Data analysis was done to describe the sub-group mean scores in univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The mean knowledge score of the respondents was 15.83 (range 4-24). It was 63.3% of the total achievable score. On multivariate analysis, keeping institution, designation, educational qualification, and sex as predictors in the model, private institution, associate professors, assistant professors, and medical officers scored significantly better independently than the others in the model. Some important observations with respect to perceptions of the doctors about implications of the act have been described in the paper. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of doctors about many aspects of CPA is not satisfactory. Practicing government and private doctors have better knowledge than the academicians. Regular planned teaching and training programs are required to keep the doctors updated about CPA.

Download Full-text