scholarly journals Natality. A theological approach to an anthropological basic concept in the context of bioethics

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-487
Author(s):  
UHJ K
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Medical Technologies

In the controversy about the introduction of new biotechnological and medical technologies, their judicial regulation and political control, not only so-called moral values are discussed but ultimately also religious credos. By the example of natality it will be shown what theology can contribute to the clarification of basic categories of anthropology, which are crucial for medical ethics. The term “natality” (“Geburtlichkeit”) derives from the philosopher Hannah Arendt. In terms of the human finiteness, attention is usually turned to the mortality of the human being. Yet what does it mean for human existence that we are born? What role does this factor play with regard to concrete problems in medical ethics, and which perspectives can theology contribute in terms of their solution?

Individualisation as a social-cultural process and morality

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 11-33
Author(s):  
Janusz Mariański
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Moral Relativism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Cultural Process ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Choices ◽  
Individual Human

In this article, the issue of structural individualisation, which is one of the results of social modernisation, is adopted as the subject-matter. In the processes of individualisation, it is, first and foremost, the importance of an individual human being and matters relevant to their life, including the obligation to make constant choices in all the aspects of life, that is placed emphasis upon. In the aspect of values, the process of individualisation means transfer from values seen as responsibilities (related to duties) to values connected with self-fulfilment (self-development). The consequence of individualisation is the significant changes in the realm of morality: departing from traditional moral values and standards, permissivism and moral relativism, the destruction of normativity, and the secularisation of morality. On the other hand, it creates the opportunity to determine one's own moral choices and shapean autonomous moral personality.

scholarly journals Pytanie o sens życia

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Karol Bujnowski
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Nowadays more often people are asking about the meaning of life. It is a fundamental question that every human being faces. Man is asking whether life is worth living, what to do to make our life meaningful?A human being, among many needs, has the need for discovering the sense of life, the need comes from the very core of human existence as placed in time and connected with the phenomenon of passing away. Discovering the sense of life leads to the experience of happiness, joy, and to inner life lived much more to the full. Showing the meaning of life and helping to find that meaning are very important functions of religion. Due to it, a man is able to live one’s life, ambitions, goals, joyful moments as well as his or her suffering in the light of deeper understanding. Religion is the one that can often bring the richest and deepest answers to the question of the two meanings: the meaning of life and the world.

scholarly journals The Buddhist Interpretation of the Confucianist Concept of Family

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2021/1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Hamar
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Value System ◽  
Proper Functioning ◽  
Buddhist Practice

Filial piety is one of the cardinal moral values in Confucianism, and has become a keystone in the Chinese social value system, describing and prescribing the proper functioning of human communities at micro (family) and macro (state) levels. The introduction of Buddhism, which advocates that only those who live in celibacy pursuing the career of a monk can easily have access to the highest truth, challenged the uniformly accepted moral obligations of Confucianism, and initiated a dialogue, sometimes a debate, with the Chinese literati on the differences and similarities of Buddhist and Confucianist ethics. This article offers an insight on how Chinese adepts of Buddhism made efforts to prove not only that filial piety is a requirement for all practitioners of Buddhism as a kind of concession in a social environment where filial piety is a representation of virtuous human existence, but also, by forging Indian scriptures on filial piety and visualisation and commenting on Indian scriptures, that this lies at the centre of Buddhist practice.

scholarly journals What is the Meaning of Immanuel Kant’s Notion of the Human Being as the Ultimate End of Nature?

Problemos ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Danutė Bacevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Vulnerability ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Natural Element ◽  
Ethical Vision ◽  
Insight Into

The article explores Kant’s notion of the human being as the ultimate end of nature, presenting an ethical interpretation of this notion. The author of this article believes that the analysis of Kant’s assumptions will allow a deeper understanding of our own hermeneutical situation, in which ecological problems force us to rethink our relationship with nature and the meaning of human existence. Analyzing Kant’s early texts on Lisbon earthquake and his reflection on the sublime in the Critique of Judgement, the author asks how the experience of an uncontrolled natural element complements Kant’s ethical vision of nature’s teleology. Emphasizing the importance of insight into human vulnerability for the implementation of moral purpose in nature, the article outlines guidelines for interpretation that allow the relevance of Kant’s position in the context of contemporary environmental ethics.

Conclusion

Words Fail ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colby Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Spiritual Dimension ◽  
The One

The conclusion is an alternate, and somewhat more original, account of the book’s aims—more “readable” in many ways and synthetic in its incorporation of others’ valuable insights. There would be no conclusion such as the one presented here without the “hard work” of the first three chapters. Its focal point is accordingly to be found in the development of a “material spirituality” lodged within the potentiality of the human being—something that is never severed from the possibility of encounter with an O/other, even if such an encounter continuously fails to be recorded in words—examined here through the concrete dynamics found in the practices of writing and publishing. Though the conclusion could certainly “stand alone” from the rest of the work, it achieves its “fuller” sense in light of what came before it, and, in this sense, points beyond the merely theoretical and toward that creative and spiritual dimension of human existence we have been pining for all along, which pushes the boundaries of both philosophy and theology more than just a little bit, and which may only be graspable through the failures of our representations.

A closer look into alterity: eccentricity

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Stanghellini
Keyword(s):  
Human Existence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Subjectivity

This chapter argues that at the heart of alterity lies a double paradox. First, alterity speaks of eccentricity, of the non-coincidence of the Self with itself. Most of the philosophical anthropologies of the last hundred years emphasize that the phenomenon of eccentricity is indigenous to human existence, and characterize Man as an eccentric being. Fundamental to the understanding of human subjectivity is clarifying the ways self-awareness is structured as an experience inextricably entangled with an experience of a basic otherness. To be a human being is to be in juxtaposition with, and sometimes to feel in opposition to, a set of given involuntary dispositions in front of which we need to voluntarily take a position.

Pedagogika wobec problematyczności bytu ludzkiego. O konfliktach w życiu człowieka

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2 (252)) ◽  
pp. 70-85
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rumianowska
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Existential Philosophy ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Complex Mechanisms

The purpose of the article is to outline the problem of widely understood conflicts in human life from the perspective of existential philosophy. Without questioning the importance of psychological research on complex mechanisms underlying conflicts, the author points to the issue of the problematic nature of human existence, the category of freedom, the problem of the authenticity of being and the sense of meaning. In the second part of the paper, the essence of educational process in the context of experiencing difficulties and conflicting situations by human beings has been introduced. The necessity of taking into account the problem of being oneself and constituting a human being in relation to himself, the world and others has been presented.

Slovakia and the European ethos

Human Affairs ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viera Bilasová
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Moral Consciousness ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe paper explores how the ethos in Slovakia has been shaped and “matured” in the context of the values, principles and norms inherent in the European ethos. The presence of this ethos, including its sources and forms, can be considered in the Slovak historical context to be a moral phenomenon and an integral part of human being, encoded in the moral values held by individuals and society. By seeking out its ties and analysing the way it is intertwined with the evolution of the European ethos, it provides us with the space to understand and resolve many of today’s issues and conflicts in an ethical manner. The author considers moral consciousness to be an important part of the culture of civilization today, which faces the challenge of finding new forms of human coexistence and a life in peace. It attests to the importance of ethics and morality in the life of individual and society, and the utility of ethical reflection in solving moral issues in life and in searching for one’s own way through it.

Lessons from a Bygone Medical Ethics Program

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANONYMOUS
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
American Medical ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Ethics Program ◽  
Ethics Teaching ◽  
The 1960S

Ethicists in American medical schools feel increasingly discouraged these days. In the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, society's enthusiasm for teaching about medical ethics flourished as new medical technologies posed new ethical perplexities. Americans eagerly sought ethics advice and looked to medical schools to provide it. As the sites where many of the new technologies were developed and future physicians were trained, medical schools were the logical place for medical ethicists to work and teach. A few schools recognized society's need and instituted explicit medical ethics teaching—allocating funds, hiring ethicists, creating departments, and trumpeting their accomplishments. But most schools responded to the need with indifference or even hostility. They distrusted outside “experts” and feared a zealous reform movement aimed at the character or practices of modern medicine. Yet even those schools were forced to create ethics programs to meet powerful accreditation requirements adopted around 1990. Complying reluctantly, these schools allocated few personnel and minimal budgets. The resulting programs struggled.

Hitler the Anti-Nihilist? Statehood, Leadership, and Political Space in Heidegger’s Seminar of 1933-34

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
Richard Polt
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Human Finitude

This essay considers Heidegger’s 1933–34 seminar ‘On the Essence and Concept of Nature, History, and State’ as an attempt to develop an anti-nihilist political philosophy based on human finitude and qualitative difference. I examine Heidegger’s views on the relation between people and state, the role of a leader, and the nature of political space. Heidegger distinguishes human existence from the natural world and argues that a people can attain its full, distinctively human Being only through its state, which is to be ruled absolutely by the soaring will of a born leader. He also offers an account of political space that distinguishes between the local homeland and the ‘interaction’ that connects it to a broader territory. I relate these ideas to some other texts by Heidegger and sketch an Arendtian critique of them.

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