Risk factors and hospitalization costs of Dementia patients: Examining race and gender variations

Background: The CREST trial showed that risk of stroke, MI, death, and composite of the any of the 3 adverse events during the periprocedural period of carotid artery stent (CAS) is 4.1%, 1.1%. 0.7%, and 7.2% respectively. We aim to assess trends of periprocedural outcomes after CAS based on different age strata. Methods: A cohort of patients with CAS is identified from the National In patient Sample database using the procedure codes (00.63) for the years 2001 through 2009. We only included elective admissions for CAS. Missing observations on the death status are eliminated. Age was stratified as follows: < 60, 61-70, 71-80, and > 80. Trend analysis for the following periprocedural outcomes: peri-procedure stroke, myocardial infarction ‘MI’, and death; was performed across different age strata. The Cochrane-Armitage test was used for trend analysis. Results: Over 9 years, 10,655 CAS procedures were performed; 1818 (17.1%) were performed in the octogenarians. Race and gender distribution was similar across the age strata; men and Whites were predominant. In addition to age, co-morbid high risk factors were documented in 91% of the octogenarians compared to 83.2% of those < 60. The overall periprocedural outcome of stroke, MI and death across all ages is 2.37%, (stroke 1.6%, MI 0.66% and death 0.37%). Unfavorable periprocedural outcomes in different age strata are as follows: < 60 (1.1%), 61-70 (1.9%), 71-80 (3%), and > 80 (2.75%); trend P value < 0.0001. The risk of stroke is as follows: < 60 (0.72%), 61-70 (1.3%), 71-80 (2.0%), and > 80 (1.9%), P value < 0.0003; and MI < 60 (0.33%), 61-70 (0.52%), 71-80 (0.85%), and > 80 (0.77%), P value < 0.03. Mortality remained between 0.27 and 0.44 in different age strata; P = 0.54. Conclusion: In this study, periprocedural risks of stroke and MI are lower than what was reported in the CREST trial. A slight increase in these risks is noted with age, though appeared to plateau after age of 70 years.

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Abstract 1430: Do race and gender independently predict risk factors associated with the Human papillomavirus

10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1430 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Rebecca L. Rohde ◽

Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters ◽

Eric Adjei Boakye ◽

Rajan Ganesh ◽

Ammar Moiyadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Gender

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Abstract A87: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hospitalization costs among lung cancer patients: Examining the effect of race and gender

10.1158/1538-7755.disp14-a87 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Baqar Husaini ◽

Rebecca Selove ◽

Elizabeth Williams ◽

Meggan Novotny ◽

Janice Emerson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Lung Cancer Patients ◽

Hospitalization Costs ◽

And Gender

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Depression Increases Stroke Hospitalization Cost: An Analysis of 17,010 Stroke Patients in 2008 by Race and Gender

Stroke Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2013/846732 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Baqar Husaini ◽

Robert Levine ◽

Linda Sharp ◽

Van Cain ◽

Meggan Novotny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Males ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Discharge Data ◽

Race And Gender ◽

Hospitalization Costs ◽

And Gender ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact ◽

Detection Of Depression

Objective. This analysis focuses on the effect of depression on the cost of hospitalization of stroke patients.Methods. Data on 17,010 stroke patients (primary diagnosis) were extracted from 2008 Tennessee Hospital Discharge Data System. Three groups of patients were compared: (1) stroke only (SO,n=7,850), (2) stroke + depression (S+D,n=3,965), and (3) stroke + other mental health diagnoses (S+M,n=5,195).Results. Of all adult patients, 4.3% were diagnosed with stroke. Stroke was more prevalent among blacks than whites (4.5% versus 4.2%,P<0.001) and among males than females (5.1% versus 3.7%,P<0.001). Nearly one-quarter of stroke patients (23.3%) were diagnosed with depression/anxiety. Hospital stroke cost was higher among depressed stroke patients (S+D) compared to stroke only (SO) patients ($77,864 versus $47,790,P<0.001), and amongS+D, cost was higher for black males compared to white depressed males ($97,196 versus $88,115,P<0.001). Similar racial trends in cost emerged amongS+Dfemales.Conclusion. Depression in stroke patients is associated with increased hospitalization costs. Higher stroke cost among blacks may reflect the impact of comorbidities and the delay in care of serious health conditions. Attention to early detection of depression in stroke patients might reduce inpatient healthcare costs.

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Risk Stratification in Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: How Do Procedures, Patient Characteristics, and Clinical Indicators Influence Outcomes?

Pathophysiology ◽

10.3390/pathophysiology28010007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 76-85

Author(s):

Kapil Kohli ◽

Hrishikesh Samant ◽

Kashif Khan ◽

Sudha Pandit ◽

Kelli Morgan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

African American ◽

Prior History ◽

Race And Gender ◽

History Of ◽

Risk Scoring ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender ◽

Risk Scoring System

Background. Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) remains common, and severe complications are associated with ERCP. There is no previous study detailing the effect of race and gender in a US-based population on risk of PEP. Methods. Data were collected on 269 “first-performed” consecutive ERCPs followed by division by race (White vs. African-American) and sex (Female vs. Male). A total of 53 probable risk factors were evaluated by uni- and multivariate analysis followed by outcomes expressed as an odds ratio (OR) (with a 95% confidence interval, 95% CI). Finally, a principal component analysis was performed to construct a risk prediction model for PEP, which can be used by clinicians at bedside. Results. After analyzing the risk factors based on race and gender-based groups, Caucasian males with PEP are more likely to have prior history of pancreatitis (p = 0.009), lower hemoglobin (p = 0.02)/blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (p = 0.01)/creatinine before ERCP (p = 0.07) and lower BUN (p = 0.01)/creatinine after ERCP (p = 0.07), while Caucasian females with PEP are more likely to have higher white blood cell (WBC) count before ERCP (p = 0.08) and lower amylase (p = 0.10)/bilirubin (p = 0.09)/ aspartate aminotransferase (AST) after ERCP (p = 0.08). African-American males with PEP are more likely to have lower weight (p = 0.001)/smaller height (p = 0.0005)/lower alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.002)/AST (p = 0.04)/ alanine transaminase (ALT) (p = 0.03) before ERCP and lower alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.002)/AST (p = 0.01)/ALT (p = 0.004) after ERCP, while African-American females with PEP are more likely to have prior history of pancreatitis (p = 0.004)/higher lipase before (p = 0.0001) and after (p = 0.05) ERCP along with increased risk with pancreatic duct cannulation (p = 0.0001) and injection (p = 0.0001)/biliary sphincterotomy (p = 0.0001). Importantly, prior history of ERCP, elevated AST after ERCP, and BUN prior to ERCP were found to be important clinical features predicting post-ERCP pancreatitis. To our knowledge, this is a first known attempt at developing a risk scoring system for PEP in a US population with decision tree learning. Conclusions. It is very evident that both patient and procedure-related risk factors vary by race and gender in the US population, leading to the development of a new risk assessment tool for PEP that can be used in clinical practice. We need to follow up with a larger prospective study to validate this novel race and gender-based risk scoring system for PEP.

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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage is a Preventable Disease with a Heritable Component

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.364-c ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 364-364

Author(s):

Brett M Kissela ◽

Laura Sauerbeck ◽

Daniel Woo ◽

Jane C Khoury ◽

Rakesh Shukla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Family History ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Population Based ◽

Race And Gender ◽

And Gender

P141 Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) affects ≥ 16,000 Americans annually and ≥ 40% die within the first 30 days. Prevention of SAH is therefore of paramount importance. We present a preliminary analysis of risk factors for SAH from our case-control, population-based study. Methods: Cases were prospectively collected and matched to 2 age-, race-, and gender-matched controls. Risk factor history, family history, neuroimaging data, and genetic samples were obtained. Multivariable analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results: Between 6/97 and 2/00, 107 cases and 197 controls were enrolled in this study. By univariate analysis: hypertension, family history of SAH or intracranial aneurysm (IA), smoking (current or ever), alcohol use, low education level, low body mass index (BMI), and low estrogen state were risk factors for SAH (p < 0.05). Results of the multivariable analysis are presented below. Conclusion: Our data confirms previous reports that SAH is a heritable condition. Further work must be done to identify the genetic basis of SAH, so that families can be screened in an efficient and cost effective way. Risk for SAH may be reduced by treating hypertension, smoking cessation, and reduced alcohol intake. The importance of low BMI as a risk factor has been previously reported but is biologically puzzling and requires further study.

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