scholarly journals Management of asymptomatic silicone-injected breast with reduction mammoplasty

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theddeus Octavianus Hari Prasetyono ◽  
Patricia Marcellina Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Reduction ◽  
Reduction Mammoplasty ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Breast Ptosis ◽  
Silicone Injection ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Liquid Silicone ◽  
History Of ◽  
Silicone Injections

ABSTRACTEven though Silicone injection for breast augmentation has been related to disastrous long-term effects and complications, some patients do not develop significant symptoms at all (asymptomatic). Unfortunately, the management of asymptomatic Silicone-injected breast is still unclear and has never been reported exclusively. We present two cases of asymptomatic patients with a history of liquid Silicone injections who refused to have a mastectomy. They were concerned with the breast ptosis and chose to undergo reduction mammoplasty to improve the appearance of the breasts. Magnetic resonance imaging may be useful as an additional screening tool to confirm the diagnosis and exclude the presence of malignancy in breasts with injected Silicone. We believe that breast reduction may be the alternative option for women with a history of liquid Silicone injection who have no symptoms but desire to preserve their breasts and improve their aesthetics.

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF OTITIS MEDIA A TEN-YEAR COHORT STUDY OF ALASKAN ESKIMO CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Kaplan ◽  
J. Kenneth Fleshman ◽  
Thomas R. Bender ◽  
Carol Baum ◽  
Paul S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conductive Component ◽  
Verbal Development

Histories of ear disease, otoscopic examinations, and audiologic, intelligence, and achievement tests were obtained from a cohort of 489 Alaskan Eskimo children who have been followed through the first ten years of life. Seventy-six per cent had experienced one or more episodes of otitis media since birth. Of these, 78% had their first attack during their first two years of life. Perforations and scars were present in 41%. A hearing loss of 26 decibels or greater was present in 16%, and an additional 25% were in the normal range but had a measurable air-bone gap. Children with a history of otitis media prior to 2 years of age and a hearing loss of 26 decibels or greater had a statistically significant loss of verbal ability and were behind in total reading, total math, and language. In addition, children who had an early onset of otitis media but now had normal hearing with a conductive component were also adversely affected in verbal areas. The number of otitis media episodes was related to tympanic membrane abnormalities, hearing loss, and low verbal and achievement scores. These findings indicate that otitis media has been a significant cause of morbidity in Alaskan Eskimo children, and its onset during the critical years of language development as well as the number of episodes play an important role in impairing verbal development.

The Fragile State

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Early States ◽  
History Of ◽  
Human Use

In his most recent book, James Scott presents us with a ‘deep history’ of the alluvial lowlands of Mesopotamia, from early domestications in the Neolithic to the emergence and consolidation of early states. Although the focus lies on Mesopotamia in these periods, Scott delves into the beginnings of the human use of fire in the Palaeolithic and draws on comparative developments in Southeast Asia, Egypt, Greece, Rome and elsewhere. He poses large questions: Why did people move into densely packed villages—‘Neolithic multispecies resettlement camps’—accompanied by the plants and animals they domesticated, but also by an exponentially increased disease load and a substantial portion of drudgery? Why did states emerge when they did, despite the fact that the main ecological and demographic conditions were present millennia earlier? What accounts for the fragility of these early states, and why do our standard histories obscure that fact? Guiding themes are ecological and demographic, but also draw explicit attention to the unintended consequences of human actions. Indeed, reflections on the Anthropocene underpin the book's arguments, and, like many others who write on this topic, Scott is motivated by deep-seated concerns about the sorry ecological state of our contemporary world and connections to long-term effects of human activity.

scholarly journals Granuloma Formation Secondary to Silicone Injection for Soft-Tissue Augmentation in Facial Cosmetics: Mechanisms and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1-2) ◽  
pp. E46-E51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo L. Wang ◽  
William W. Thomas ◽  
Oren Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Granuloma Formation ◽  
Soft Tissue Augmentation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Silicone Injection ◽  
Injectable Fillers ◽  
Injectable Filler ◽  
Silicone Injections ◽  
Silicone Granuloma

The use of injectable fillers is increasingly popular as an alternative to surgery for facial cosmetic applications. In this regard, silicone is a versatile biomaterial filler that has been used for these purposes, but its use warrants further investigation, especially since it is not clinically approved for such uses. We describe the use of silicone as a facial injectable filler through a scholarly review of the literature for cases of silicone granuloma formation published from September 2007 through September 2017, and we present various contexts in which this complication has been observed. We further review the immunologic etiology of granuloma formation and other complications of silicone injections. We write this report to caution physicians on the use of silicone fillers which, for all their advantages, are associated with significant long-term risks that are frequently overlooked.

scholarly journals Systematic review of clinical outcomes after prophylactic surgery

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Davis ◽  
AEJ Trevatt ◽  
A Dixit ◽  
V Datta
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Prophylactic Surgery ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of

Introduction Prophylactic appendicectomy is performed prior to military, polar and space expeditions to prevent acute appendicitis in the field. However, the risk–benefit ratio of prophylactic surgery is controversial. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence for prophylactic appendicectomy. It is supplemented by a clinical example of prophylactic surgery resulting in life-threatening complications. Methods A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE® and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Keyword variants of ‘prophylaxis’ and ‘appendicectomy’ were combined to identify potential papers for inclusion. Papers related to prophylactic appendicectomy risks and benefits were reviewed. Results Overall, 511 papers were identified, with 37 papers satisfying the inclusion criteria. Nine reported outcomes after incidental appendicectomy during concurrent surgical procedures. No papers focused explicitly on prophylactic appendicectomy in asymptomatic patients. The clinical example outlined acute obstruction secondary to adhesions from a prophylactic appendicectomy. Complications after elective appendicectomy versus the natural history of acute appendicitis in scenarios such as polar expeditions or covert operations suggest prophylactic appendicectomy may be appropriate prior to extreme situations. Nevertheless, the long-term risk of adhesion related complications render prophylactic appendicectomy feasible only when the short-term risk of acute appendicitis outweighs the long-term risks of surgery. Conclusions Prophylactic appendicectomy is rarely performed and not without risk. This is the first documented evidence of long-term complications following prophylactic appendicectomy. Surgery should be considered on an individual basis by balancing the risks of acute appendicitis in the field with the potential consequences of an otherwise unnecessary surgical procedure in a healthy patient.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of first degree family history of breast cancer in young women: Recurrences and bilateral breast cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan J. Jobsen ◽  
Job van der Palen ◽  
Mariël Brinkhuis ◽  
Francisca Ong ◽  
Henk Struikmans
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Bilateral Breast Cancer ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals The Natural History of Primary Hyperparathyroidism with or without Parathyroid Surgery after 15 Years

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 3462-3470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishaela R. Rubin ◽  
John P. Bilezikian ◽  
Donald J. McMahon ◽  
Thomas Jacobs ◽  
Elizabeth Shane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Skeletal Disease ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Biochemical Indices

Context: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) often presents without classical symptoms such as overt skeletal disease or nephrolithiasis. We previously reported that calciotropic indices and bone mineral density (BMD) are stable in untreated patients for up to a decade, whereas after parathyroidectomy, normalization of biochemistries and increases in BMD ensue. Objective: The objective of the study was to provide additional insights in patients with and without surgery for up to 15 yr. Design: The study had an observational design. Setting: The setting was a referral center. Patients: Patients included 116 patients (25 men, 91 women); 99 (85%) were asymptomatic. Intervention: Fifty-nine patients (51%) underwent parathyroidectomy and 57 patients were followed up without surgery. Main Outcome Measure: BMD was measured. Results: Lumbar spine BMD remained stable for 15 yr. However, BMD started to fall at cortical sites even before 10 yr, ultimately decreasing by 10 ± 3% (mean ± sem; P < 0.05) at the femoral neck, and 35 ± 5%; P < 0.05 at the distal radius, in the few patients observed for 15 yr. Thirty-seven percent of asymptomatic patients showed disease progression (one or more new guidelines for surgery) at any time point over the 15 yr. Meeting surgical criteria at baseline did not predict who would have progressive disease. BMD increases in patients who underwent surgery were sustained for the entire 15 yr. Conclusions: Parathyroidectomy led to normalization of biochemical indices and sustained increases in BMD. Without surgery, PHPT progressed in one third of individuals over 15 yr; meeting surgical criteria at the outset did not predict this progression. Cortical bone density decreased in the majority of subjects with additional observation time points and long-term follow-up. These results raise questions regarding how long patients with PHPT should be followed up without intervention.

Long-term effects of rasagiline and the natural history of treated Parkinson's disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1489-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Rascol ◽  
Robert A. Hauser ◽  
Fabrizio Stocchi ◽  
Cheryl J. Fitzer-Attas ◽  
Yulia Sidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
History Of

Graves’ Hyperthyroidism-Induced Psychosis Treated With Aripiprazole—A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia R. Macedo ◽  
Jehan Marino ◽  
Brady Bradshaw ◽  
Joseph Henry
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibody ◽  
First Time

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune syndrome with symptoms such as tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and psychiatric symptoms. Limited evidence exists for the treatment of Graves’ hyperthyroidism-induced psychosis with atypical antipsychotics. A 47-year-old female with a psychiatric history of bipolar disorder presented for the first time to the psychiatric hospital. She was agitated and grossly psychotic with delusions. Electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation and tachycardia. Drug screen urinalysis was negative. Endocrine workup resulted in a diagnosis of Graves’ disease (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]: 0.005 μIU/mL, triiodothyronine [T3]: 537 ng/dL, thyroxine [T4]: 24 mcg/dL, free T4: 4.5 ng/dL, positive antithyroid peroxidase antibody, and antinuclear antibody). Aripiprazole 10 mg daily was initiated and titrated to 15 mg daily on day 4. On day 16, her suspicious behavior, judgment, and insight improved. Other medications given included aspirin 325 mg daily, metoprolol 25 mg twice daily, titrated to 12.5 mg twice daily, and methimazole 30 mg daily, titrated to 20 mg twice daily, and discontinued on day 29. The patient received radioiodine I-131 treatment 1 week later. We report the first known case on the use of aripriprazole to treat Graves’ hyperthyroidism-induced psychosis. Further studies examining the long-term effects and appropriate dose and duration of aripiprazole in this patient population are needed.

Forest Fires in the Chilean Forest Economy

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-332
Author(s):  
David Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protective Methods

A brief history of forest fires in Chile has been given with emphasis on the changing outlook concerning forest fires. This has led to the realization of their destructive force and long term effects. The factors which contributed to this change in outlook have been mentioned and the protective methods presently employed in Chile described.

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