scholarly journals Hungry for success: Urban consumer demand for wild animal products in Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Drury
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Animal Products

scholarly journals Snake oil and pangolin scales: insights into wild animal use at “Marché des Fétiches” traditional medicine market, Togo

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 45-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D'Cruze ◽  
Délagnon Assou ◽  
Emma Coulthard ◽  
John Norrey ◽  
David Megson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Domestic Trade ◽  
Wildlife Use ◽  
Animal Names

Traditional medicine beliefs are culturally important in some West African communities, where there is a thriving domestic consumer demand for wild animal derivatives. Yet, such practices can threaten the conservation of wild populations and negatively impact animal welfare. To identify those species most likely to be affected, we investigated wildlife derivative trade at the largest fetish market of West Africa in Togo. Specifically, we asked what wild animals or animal products were most profitable, which wild animals were perceived by vendors to have increased most in rarity and what they were used for. A key question was whether vendors also sold plant-based alternatives. Vendors provided 36 local animal names, from which we inferred an estimated 281 species. Thirteen percent of these inferred species are categorised on the IUCN Red List as threatened (n = 35); 26% are declining (n = 72). The most commonly cited most profitable wildlife derivatives were “Pangolin” and “Python”; the most commonly cited most profitable live wild animal was “Chameleon”. Overall, wildlife use was predominantly spiritual rather than medicinal. Plant-based alternatives were available, but comprised < 40% of sales and appeared to be considered less important or less useful than wild animal products. The legal status of this domestic trade in Togo is unclear given the existence of potentially conflicting national legislation. In addition to further research focused on the actual impacts on populations and individuals of the species indicated, socio-economic importance of this trade, societal pressures driving consumer demand and an assessment of the feasibility of sustainable plant-based alternatives is warranted.

scholarly journals China's Legal Response to Trafficking in Wild Animals: The Relationship between International Treaties and Chinese Law

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiwen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
The Government ◽  
Bear Bile

In China, the wild animals and animal products that are sold through illegal trafficking are mainly those that can be made into medicines; are raw materials in the form of ivory, rhinoceros horns, and turtle shells; and are edible or have ornamental value, such as birds, monkeys, turtles, and lizards. Due to its rapid economic development over the past decade, China has become one of the world's largest wildlife markets. The main reasons for trafficking are a lack of viable substitutes for raw materials used in traditional Chinese medicines (e.g., bear bile, bear bile powder, pangolin, and other products); a preference in traditional food culture for delicacies made from wildlife; and of the private consumption by some rich and corrupt government officials of tiger's meat, bear's paw, pangolin and other wild animal products—bear's paw and pangolin being the most popular. This type of wild animal trafficking endangers the safety of animal species protected by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and damages the international image of the government and people of China. Since 2013, under the frame of construction of ecological civilization, China has taken stricter measures on legislation, administrative enforcement, judicial adjudication, and international cooperation on prevention and punishment of illegal trafficking.

scholarly journals Funding Pandemic Prevention: Proposal for a Meat and Wild Animal Tax

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9016
Author(s):  
Morgane Larnder-Besner ◽  
Julien Tremblay-Gravel ◽  
Allison Christians
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
Border Trade ◽  
Pandemic Response ◽  
The Cost

Market prices fail to properly account for the risk of zoonotic diseases associated with animal agriculture and cross-border trade in domesticated and wild animal products, the magnitude of which is demonstrated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Corrective measures are required to internalize the cost of pandemics. Communicable disease prevention and mitigation is a global public good and contributions to its production should be made at the international level. To compel states to pay for costs resulting from domestic consumption patterns that are externalized to other countries, this paper proposes a global contribution regime based on state consumption of animal products. We lay out the technical aspects of a cost-internalizing tax that could accomplish this goal and demonstrate its feasibility in light of existing trade law constraints. The paper concludes that the proposed cost-internalizing tax would be an appropriate method to deter pandemic risk-inducing activities and fund zoonotic disease outbreak prevention and pandemic response.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Eating Wild Animal Meat with the Level of Uric Acid in Langowan Minahasa, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandias Reagen ◽  
Mandias Reagen
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

Background; Some researchers have proven that there was a relationship between eatingmeatanduricacidlevels.Therehavebeennospecificstudiesontherelationship between eating wild animal products and uric acid levels. LangowanMinahasa is one of the tribes in Indonesia whose people love to eat wild animal meat from hunting. Objectives; The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between consumption of wild animal meat and uric acid levels in the LangowanMinahasa community. Methods; The research method used wascross sectional with 35 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Results; 42.9% of respondents eat wild animal meat more than three times a week and the mean of uric acid was 6.78mg/dL (SD = 1.27). There was a positive relationshipbetween consumption of wild animal meat with uric acid levels in the MinahasaLangowan community (r = 0.562), (p = 0.000). Conclusions; consumption of wild animal meat with uric acid levels have a positive relationship. This study recommend that the LangowanMinahasa people should reduce or even stop consuming wild animal meat and switch to consuming other protein sources. The researcher also recommended to village officials and the government to provide information to the community on the negative impact of consuming meat from hunted products, both on health and natural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Livestock, land use change, and environmental outcomes in the developing world

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
R.W. Blake ◽  
C.F. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Complex Interactions

Rapid predicted worldwide growth in demand for animal products to 2020, the so-called “next food revolution” in animal agriculture, portends complex interactions among people, biological and geophysical resources, and economic objectives. Consumer demand for beef and pork is expected to increase by 2.8% per year, somewhat slower than demand growth for poultry meat (3.1%/yr). Demand for dairy products is predicted to grow fastest, at 3.3%/yr (Delgado et al., 1999).

Insects as a source of nutrients in animal feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Dorota Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Livestock Population ◽  
Feed Production

Global production of compound feed in 2018 was 1.103 billion tonnes, which was an increase of 3% compared to 2017. To meet the needs of the growing livestock population, a further increase in compound feed production is necessary. The need for new, alternative nutrient sources for feed production, in order to meet the anticipated consumer demand for animal products, has led to an increase in research on the potential uses and effects of insect-derived products, such as whole insects or insect meals and oils. Insects appear to be one of the most promising alternatives to nutrient sources such as soybean and fish meal, commonly used in feed for livestock and aquaculture. The purpose of the review was to present the currently available literature on the use of insects as feed in livestock production and to systematize it in one easy-to-read document. Particular focus has been placed on the use of insect products for animals such as poultry, rabbits and pigs, as well as their effect on productivity, nutrient digestibility, performance, and product quality. The results of numerous studies suggest that insects can be a source of nutrients in feed for poultry, rabbits and pigs.

scholarly journals Public Exposure to Live Animals, Behavioural Change, and Support in Containment Measures in response to COVID-19 Outbreak: a population-based cross sectional survey in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Hou ◽  
Leesa Lin ◽  
Lu Liang ◽  
Fanxing Du ◽  
Mengcen Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Containment Measures

SummaryBackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 outbreak, we aimed to investigate behavioural change on exposure to live animals before and during the outbreak, and public support and confidence for governmental containment measures.MethodsA population-based cross-sectional telephone survey via random dialing was conducted in Wuhan (the epicentre) and Shanghai (an affected city with imported cases) between 1 and 10 February, 2020. 510 residents in Wuhan and 501 residents in Shanghai were randomly sampled. Differences of outcome measures were compared before and during the outbreak, and between two cities.FindingsProportion of respondents visiting wet markets at usual was 23.3% (119/510) in Wuhan and 20.4% (102/501) in Shanghai. During the outbreak, it decreased to 3.1% (16) in Wuhan (p<0·001), and 4.4% (22) in Shanghai (p<0·001). Proportion of those consuming wild animal products declined from 10.2% (52) to 0.6% (3) in Wuhan (p<0·001), and from 5.2% (26) to 0.8% (4) in Shanghai (p<0·001). 79.0% (403) of respondents in Wuhan and 66.9% (335) of respondents in Shanghai supported permanent closure of wet markets (P<0.001). 95% and 92% of respondents supported banning wild animal trade and quarantining Wuhan, and 75% were confident towards containment measures. Females and the more educated were more supportive for the above containment measures.InterpretationThe public responded quickly to the outbreak, and reduced exposure to live animals, especially in Wuhan. With high public support in containment measures, better regulation of wet markets and healthy diets should be promoted.FundingNational Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, H2020 MOOD project.Research in contextEvidence before this studyOn February 19, 2020, we searched PubMed for papers published after January 1, 2020, containing the following terms: “2019 nCoV” or “COVID-19”. We identified 179 studies, most of which are research on clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19. To date there is no primary research to quantify public behavioural response and support in containment measures in response to the outbreak. Only four commentaries mentioned the influence of the outbreak on mental health. One commentary introduced the habit of consuming wild animal products in China. Another commentary briefly introduced isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment as public health measures in the outbreak. The Chinese government has introduced a series of strict containment measures, and societal acceptability of these measure is important for effective and sustained response. Evidence is urgently needed to help policy makers understand public response to the outbreak and support for the containment measures, but no evidence available to date.Added value of this studyWe conducted a population-based cross-sectional telephone survey via random digital dialing in Wuhan (the epicentre) and Shanghai (an affected city with imported cases) between 1 and 10 February, 2020. To date, this is the only few analyses on behavioural response to the outbreak and societal acceptability of governmental containment measures, which has been listed as the current priority of China CDC. We provide an assessment of behavioural change on exposure to live animals during the outbreak, by comparison before and during the outbreak, and between two cities with diverse exposure intensities to COVID-19. We also provide evidence on public support in governmental containment measures, including strict regulation on wet markets to reduce animal-to-human transmission and city quarantine to reduce human transmission.Implications of all the available evidenceWe found that wild animal consumption was more prevalent in Wuhan (10.2%) than in Shanghai (5.2%). The public responded quickly to the outbreak, and significantly reduced exposure to live animals and stopped wild animal consumption, especially in Wuhan. They were very supportive of governmental containment measures. With high public support, wet markets should be better regulated, and healthy diets, including changing the traditional habit of eating wild animal products, should be promoted. This can inform policy makers in China and other countries to implement and adjust containment strategies in response to the outbreak in the future.

scholarly journals Chinese Consumer Demand for Animal Products and Implications for U.S. Pork and Poultry Exports

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingbin Wang ◽  
Frank Fuller ◽  
Dermot Hayes ◽  
Catherine Halbrendt
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
Consumer Demand ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Import Tariff ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Chinese Consumer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

AbstractThis paper examines Chinese consumer preference for major animal products and assesses the potential impacts of a reduction in China's import tariff on its pork and poultry demand and net import. Our analysis suggests that China's demand for animal products will continue to grow as income increases. Using a trade model, results of our scenario analysis indicate that a reduction in China's import tariffs will significantly increase its net pork and poultry imports and the U.S. will capture most of the increases. Nevertheless, the impact on the market price in China and the U.S. is likely to be very small.

THE RESULTS OF MONITORING STUDIES OF RESIDUES OF PROHIBITED AND HARMFUL SUBSTANCES IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND FEED

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
V.I. Belousov ◽  
◽  
A.I. Grudev ◽  
E.G. Shubina ◽  
O.Yu. Chernykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Safety Monitoring ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Food Monitoring ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Rabbit Meat

Data on the organization and conduct of safety monitoring of animal products and feed in the territory of the Russian Federation for 2019 are provided. It was found that 2,4% of food products and 0,93% of feed did not meet veterinary and sanitary requirements. During the implementation of the food monitoring Plan more contaminated products were dairy products – 4,7%, milk – 2,1%, pork meat – 3,5%, poultry meat – 2,4%, wild animal meat – 1,6%, rabbit meat – 1,04%, fish – 1,4%, non-fish items – 1,9%, eggs – 0,4%, no violations were found in sheep meat.

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