In vitro hypoglycemic effects of Gymnema sylvestre, Tinospora cordifolia, Eugenia jambolana and Aegle marmelos

In this project, in vitro absorption enhancement activity of P-gp substrates Fexofenadine (Fx) and Ciprofloxacin (Cp) were evaluated in everted rat gut sac model and Caco-2 cell lines. Verapamil was used as P-gp inhibitor. Piper betel, Trachyspermum ammi, Plumbago zeylanica, Trikatu, Moringaoleifera, Murraya koenigii, Ferulafoitida Zingiber officinale, Cheilocostus speciosus, Capsicum frutescens Operculina turpethum Holarrhena antidysenterica Mesuaferrea, Tinospora cordifolia, and Picrorhiza kurroa, were selected and extracted with 99% alcohol and fresh juices of Citrus limon, Punica granatum seeds were also studied. In-vitro studies depicted that Fexofenadine and Ciprofloxacin absorption was increased greater than 20% in the presence of Operculinaturpethum, Capsicum frutescens, Holarrhena Antidysenterica, Tinospora cordifolia, Trikatu, Trachyspermum ammi, Plumbago zeylanica. The flux of the ciprofloxacin transport was in the range of 9-23 mcg/min and Papp 2.6 × 10-5 cm/sec to 4.1 × 10-5 cm/sec whereas Fexofenadine flux was in the range of 2-7.7 mcg/min and Papp 4.16 × 10–6 cm/sec to 1.62 × 10-5 cm/sec. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin on selected microbes in presence of extracts also depicted synergistic activity. Histological studies revealed that there is no significant variation observed in the isolated sac in presence of the extracts. CaCo2 cell lines studies showed that, formulation enhanced the absorption of fexofenadine greater than 50%. Tablets were prepared and evaluated using the plant extracts which yielded >20% absorption enhancement of the substrates. In conclusion, tablet formulation containing the alcoholic extracts of Trachyspermum ammi, Plumbago zylanicum, Capsicum frutescens, Operculina turpethum, Holarrhena Antidysenterica, Tinospora cordifolia and Trikatu can act as an absorption enhancer for fexofenadine and ciprofloxacin. The mechanism of action of these herbs could be due to P-gp inhibition. Further clinical studies are needed to prove its efficacy in humans.

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Methanolic leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre augments glucose uptake and ameliorates Insulin resistance by upregulating GLUT-4, PPAR- and #947;, adiponectin and leptin levels in vitro

Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.5455/jice.20160224051727 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 146 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Puttanarasaiah Kumar ◽

Marikunte Venkataranganna ◽

Kirangadur Manjunath ◽

Gollapalle Viswanatha ◽

Godavarthi Ashok

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Glucose Uptake ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Gymnema Sylvestre ◽

Glut 4

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PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AEGLE MARMELOS FRUIT

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.57.04.12172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (04) ◽

pp. 59-64

Author(s):

Pratibha Thaware ◽

Pushpa Karale ◽

Mahesh Karale ◽

Pranati Chavan

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Pharmacological Action ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Aegle Marmelos ◽

Pharmacological Screening ◽

Hplc Data

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological screening of fruit extracts of Aegle marmelos using various in vitro methods. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by using DPPH free radical scavenging and reducing power method, while well diffusion method was used for antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, and phenolics were abundantly present in methanolic and aqueous extracts of A. marmelos. Methanolic extract showed significant antioxidant potential, which was however inferior to that of ascorbic acid. The methanolic extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against the S. aureus (18 mm) and it was higher than that of the standard tetracycline. The HPLC data predict that the presence of scopoletin, marmelosin and umbelliferone, which may contribute to their pharmacological action.

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In-vitro and in-vivo Evaluation of Anti-asthmatic Activity of Eugenia jambolana bark

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00580 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3337-3342

Author(s):

Bhong Prabha N. ◽

Naikawade Nilofar. S. ◽

Mali Pratibha. R. ◽

Bindu Madhavi. S.

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Animal Models ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Eugenia Jambolana ◽

In Vivo Animal Models

Objectives: The present study designed to evaluate the Antiasthmatic activity of aqueous extract of bark of Eugenia Jambolana (AEEJ) on in vitro and in vivo animal models. Materials and methods: Different in vitro and in vivo animal models was used to study the anti asthmatic activity as isolated goat tracheal chain preparation, Acetylcholine and Histamine induced bronconstriction in guinea pigs, effect of drug extract on histamine release from mast cell was checked by clonidine-induced mast cell degranulation, and milk-induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Results: In-vitro study on goat tracheal chain preparation revealed that aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana (AEEJ)bark exerted antagonistic effect on the histamine induced contraction. (P<0.05) The guinea pigs when exposed to 0.2% histamine aerosol showed signs of progressive dyspnoea leading to convulsions. AEEJ significantly prolonged the latent period of convulsions (PCT) as compared to control following the exposure of histamine (0.2%) aerosol (P<0.01). The observation of present study indicates aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana shows significant inhibition of milk induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Group of animals pretreated with aqueous Eugenia jambolana bark extract showed significant reduction in degranulation of mast cells when challenged with clonidine. The prevention of degranulation process by the aqueous Eugenia jambolana bark extract (P<0.01) indicates a possible stabilizing effect on the mast cells, indicating mast cell stabilizing activity. Conclusions: Thus, AEEJ showed antihistaminic, mast cell stabilizing and protective in guinea pigs against histamine induced PCD, reduced eosinophilia and leukocytosis and hence possesses potential role in the treatment of asthma.

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IN VITRO LIPID PEROXIDATION INHIBITORY AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITIES OF SOME INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.49.06.p0031 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (06) ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

A. A Rege ◽

◽

P. R. Juvekar ◽

A. R. Juvekar

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Liver Mitochondria ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Inhibitory Activity ◽

Gallic Acid Equivalent ◽

Indian Medicinal Plants

Anti-lipid peroxidation effect of aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera was evaluated against Fe2+-ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation using rat liver mitochondria as model system, whereas, anti-arthritic activity was evaluated by proteinase inhibitory assay. O. sanctum showed potent anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-arthritic activities. T. cordifolia exhibited moderate anti-lipid peroxidation activity, but considerable anti-arthritic activity, whereas, W. somnifera revealed least lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity and considerable anti-arthritic activity. Besides, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent in terms of gallic acid equivalent achieved the total phenolic content and the trend was found to be O. sanctum > T. cordifolia > W. somnifera.

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IN VITRO - ANTIOXIDANT AND PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AEGLE MARMELOS (L.) CORREA. LEAF EXTRACT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.17808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 367

Author(s):

Samidha M Pawaskar ◽

Sasangan Kc

Keyword(s):

Hydroxyl Radical ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Aegle Marmelos ◽

Leaf Powder ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: In this study, the leaf powder of Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa. was subjected to preliminary phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant analysis. Methods: The freshly prepared plant leaf extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, which revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and steroids. Reducing power, superoxide (SO) anion radical, nitric oxide (NO) radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the methanolic leaf extract of this plant. The amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds were also determined. Results: This study has revealed that the A. marmelos (L.) Correa. leaf extract showed considerably high amounts of most of the phytochemicals, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and flavonoid content. The study also indicated that the A. marmelos (L.) Correa. showed comparatively good scavenging activity, i.e., inhibition of hydroxyl radical, NO and SO anion scavenging and reducing power activities when compared with the respective standards. Conclusion: The leaf powder of A. marmelos (L.) Correa. can be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidant and as a possible food supplement or in pharmaceutical industry.

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In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Gymnema Sylvestre Methanol Leaf Extract

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n36p218 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (36) ◽

pp. 218 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ibrahim A. ◽

Babandi A. ◽

Tijjani A.A. ◽

Murtala Y. ◽

Yakasai H.M. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Normal Control ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Gymnema Sylvestre ◽

Total Flavonoids Content

Some medicinal plants and their purified derivatives have demonstrated beneficial therapeutic potentials for many centuries. They have been reported to exhibit antioxidant activity, reducing the oxidative stress in cells and are therefore useful in the treatment of many human diseases, including diabetes and other non-communicable diseases. This study evaluated antioxidative activity and enzymatic (alpha-amylase and alphaglucosidase) inhibitory potentials of Gymnema sylvestre methanolic leaf extract (GSMLE) using standard methods. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The total phenolics and total flavonoids content in the extract were found to be 6.629±0.745 (µg/ml of catechol equivalent) and 0.004±0.0012 (µg/ml of quercetin equivalent) respectively. GSMLE was shown to have radical scavenging activity against DPPH (290.54 ± 39.72 %), hydroxyl radical (86.507 ± 23.55 %) and hydrogen peroxide (45.25 ± 25.23 %). The level of SOD was significantly decreased in H2O2 induced and H2O2+extract induced when compared with normal control (p<0.05); the level of GSH was significantly increased in H2O2 induced control and significantly decreased in H2O2+extract induced test when compared to normal control. GSH was also decreased significantly in H2O2+extract induced when compared to H2O2 induced control (p<0.05). The extract also demonstrated significant inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (IC50 182.26 ±1.05μg/ml) when compared with standard acarbose (IC50 189.52±0.46) and was more potent than the arcarbose on alpha-amylase inhibition with IC50 of 195.3±4.40 and 200.05±7.16 respectively. These findings may therefore, stress the potentiality of using Gymnema sylvestre as a natural remedy for the management of type 2 diabetes.

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Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia): In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties

RA Journal Of Applied Research ◽

10.47191/rajar/v7i6.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 07 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Tulsa Devi ◽

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Water Extract ◽

Hot Water ◽

Tinospora Cordifolia ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Hot Water Extract ◽

Agar Well Diffusion Method

Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern and hence, the search for other source of antimicrobials initiated to find a way to control infections in future. The main objective of this paper is to screen Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) for its antibacterial activity. The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is used to prepare extract for determining it’s in vitro antibacterial activity as per the agar well diffusion method. In the agar well diffusion method 100μl of 24 hr broth culture of bacteria was aseptically and evenly swabbed on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Wells of about 8 mm diameter were aseptically cut using sterile cork-borer. 100 μl of plant extracts of different concentrations were then placed into the separate wells. The plates were incubated at 37 oC for 24hr. Antimicrobial activity of the giloy was determined by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 11, 9 and 5 mm zone of inhibition in S. aureus cultures by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively while hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 14, 12, 10 and 8 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the cold extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 10, 8, 5 and 0 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia indicated 12, 10, 6 and 4 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 16, 14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The cold water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 10, 8, and 5 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively. It has been observed that Tinospora cordifolia showed very promising results as indicated by the zone of inhibition of bacterial culture through agar well diffusion method that varies from few mm to few cm. This study indicates the in-vitro antibacterial effect of Giloy which needs further validation through in-vivo studies.

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