scholarly journals Applicability of Bolton’s Analysis: A Study on Tibetan Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
K. K. Sajal ◽  
Rishabh Gupta ◽  
Vikram Pai ◽  
Pooja Desai ◽  
Sudhir K. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Tibetan Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the anterior and overall ratios of Tibetan population residing at Mundgod and to compare the obtained ratios to the ratios available from Bolton’s study. Materials and Methods The study consists of randomly selected 120 samples of Tibetan population ranging in age from 15 to 25 years, residing at Mundgod, Karnataka (60 males and 60 females). After measuring the width of each tooth, overall and anterior ratios were measured using formula proposed by Bolton. Statistical Analysis Anterior and overall tooth ratios obtained from the study were compared to standard Bolton’s ratio by one-sample t-test. The differences between males and females were compared by independent samples t-test. Results The overall ratio was significantly lower for both males (P = 0.03) and females (P = 0.001) at 90.20 and 88.93, respectively, when compared to the Bolton’s value of 91.3, whereas anterior ratio for males (P = 0.001) was significantly higher at 77.9 when compared to Bolton’s value of 77.2. The combined values of males and females when compared to Bolton’s value, i.e., the combined overall ratio (P = 0.001) was significantly lower at 89.5 and the combined anterior ratio (P = 0.016) was significantly higher at 78.7. Conclusion In the present study, significant difference was observed between the overall and anterior ratios in Tibetan population as compared to the Bolton’s value. Therefore, Bolton’s original data cannot be applied for Tibetan population.

Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion classes: a comparative study

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Alkofide ◽  
Hayder Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a difference exists in intermaxillary tooth size among different malocclusion groups in Saudi patients. The study consisted of 240 pretreatment orthodontic casts (Sixty cases in each malocclusion class, in addition to normal occlusion). The results of the study shows no significant difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies for the overall ratio and anterior ratio between the different malocclusion groups, except for the anterior ratio in class III malocclusion. Further, no statistical significant difference was observed between males and females. When the mean values of the present study were compared to that of Bolton's, a significant difference was found in all the malocclusion classes.We can conclude from this study that Bolton tooth size analysis is an important diagnostic tool, and should be taken into consideration before initiation of orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Bolton Ratio of Different Angle’s Classifications in a School Children Sample of Erbil City

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Amanj R. Ibrahim ◽  
Zana Q. Omer ◽  
Hasan S. Hasan ◽  
Walaa M. Saleem Almola
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Data ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distal Surface ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

Aims of this study were to determine both the Bolton anterior and overall ratios in a representative sample of Erbil schoolchildren of Normal occlusion and Cl I, Cl II div I, div II, and Cl III malocclusion, also to find if there are any gender differences. Numerical data were obtained, comprised of 320 samples study casts of students with a mean age of 13–15 years selected from different schools in Erbil City. The casts were divided into 5 groups according to the type of malocclusion: Normal (n = 64), Cl I (n = 64), Class II div I (n = 64), Class II div II (n = 64), and Class III subjects (n = 64). The measurement of the greatest mesiodistal width of the teeth was performed using digital Vernier directly on the study casts, from the distal surface of the left first molar to the distal surface of the right first molar. The overall and anterior ratios between the maxillary and mandibular teeth were computed and evaluated using Bolton’s method. The results revealed that the mean anterior ratio (78.863) was higher and statistically signifi cantly different from anterior Bolton’s (77.2) and also the mean overall ratio was not statistically signifi cant different from Bolton’s ratio (91.3) (P = 0.239), with respect to the overall and anterior ratios among all the groups, statistically significant differences were found. Differences between genders were analyzed using a t-test. The results showed that there were no signifi cant differences between males and females. There were non-significant differences between the findings of the present study and those of Bolton’s study for overall ratio and anterior ratio, but among all five classifications, there was a significant difference of Erbil population not similar to Bolton ratio and there was no significant difference between males and females.

scholarly journals THE RELIABILITY OF THE BOLTON RATIO WHEN APPLIED TO THE INDONESIAN POPULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Joko Kusnoto
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

  Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether Bolton ratio can be applied clinically to the Indonesian population and to determine a more suitable Bolton ratio for the Indonesian population.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 readily available study models of treated cases comprising 37 males and 83 females. Two investigators separately measured the mesiodistal crown width of maxillary and mandibular tooth on each study model using sliding calipers. According to Bolton’s method, the overall and anterior ratios from each sample were calculated and the mean was generated. Using Student’s t-test with a 95% confidence interval, the investigators compared whether there is a significant difference between the ratio from Bolton’s samples and the ratio from the Indonesian samples.Results: The result of this study showed that, for Indonesian samples, the overall ratio is 89.7±2.05, while the anterior ratio is 76.4±2.76. Student’s t-test showed that there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the results of this study and that of Bolton’s study for both the anterior and overall ratios.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a difference between Indonesian population and Caucasian population in tooth size and Bolton ratio value. Therefore, original Bolton ratio value cannot be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for Indonesian population.

Evaluation of Cephalometric Standards for Zanjanian Population According to Downs' Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katayoon Khaleghi ◽  
Azin Nourian ◽  
Pooya Ghorbankhan ◽  
Arash Farzan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Lower Incisors

Background: Following the morphological features of different races and ethnic groups, knowledge of standard dentofacial patterns of each ethnic group is essential. Therefore, this study aimed to explain cephalometric standards for the Zanjanian population according to Downs' analysis and compare them to Caucasian individuals. Methods: Seventy lateral cephalometries of Zanjanian adults (17 - 29 years old) who had been referred to a private orthodontic office in Zanjan, Iran with class I molar and canine relationship and normal overjet and overbite as well as minimum crowding/spacing/rotations were scanned and traced with the Novatech scanner and Dolphin software version 10. Next, statistical analyses were performed in order to compare the Zanjanian population to Caucasians. Results: We found a significant difference between males and females in terms of interincisal angle, incisor-occlusal angle, incisor-mandibular plane angle, upper incisor proclination, facial angle, and angle of convexity. Discussion: The analysis of six statistically significant parameters indicates that the upper and lower incisors in women of Zanjan were proclined and protruded compared with those of Caucasian subjects. Due to the statistical analysis on facial angle and angle of convexity, women also show more maxillary prognathism and skeletal class II pattern. Generally, a comparison of Zanjanian population cephalometrics based on Downs' analysis showed an increase in maxillary prognathism, maxillary and mandibular incisal protrusion and posterior rotation of the mandible. Conclusions: In conclusion, the Zanjanian population tends to have more dental and skeletal class II patterns than the Caucasians. In addition, gender comparison indicates lower and upper-incisors protrusion in women of Zanjan.

Statistical Analysis on Satisfaction of Residents Living in Prefabricated Concrete Buildings in Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boonsap Witchayangkoon ◽  
Kamon Budsaba ◽  
Saharat Buddhawanna ◽  
Sayan Sirimontree ◽  
Krittiya Lertpocasombut
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Concrete Buildings ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homogeneity Of Variance ◽  
Moisture Protection ◽  
Males And Females

Sample survey has been conducted to evaluate satisfaction of residents living in prefabricated concrete buildings (dormitories, detached houses, and townhouses) in Thailand. Nine criteria have been determined including moisture protection, noise prevention, safety of structures, thermal prevention, air flow, external appearance, interior, facility, and overall satisfaction. The t-test indicates that the satisfaction score mean between males and females for each criterion is not significantly different. The Levenes test shows that our survey data do not follow homogeneity of variance assumption for ANOVA F-test for most criteria, except for airflows and overall satisfaction criteria. Welch and Brown-Forsythe tests are then used under non-homogeneity of variances. The tests reveal that all criteria show a significant difference among habitats groups, but not for the thermal prevention criterion. Some multiple comparisons also show many pairs of significant mean difference among habitat groups.

Interarch Tooth Size Relationship of Indian Population: Does Bolton's Analysis Apply?

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Reddy Regalla ◽  
Vummidisetti V Subbarao ◽  
V Santi ◽  
G Anita
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Size Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Background Orthodontists have several methods to detect inter arch-tooth size discrepancies in patients presenting for orthodontic treatment. Many methods such as Pont's analysis, Nance and Carey's analysis, Peck and Peck ratio, Bolton's analysis are commonly used methods. A thorough search of literature reveals a paucity of reliable data on the mesiodistal dimensions of the crowns of the permanent dentition of Indian population. Without information about the size of individual tooth and groups of teeth for Indian population, it is difficult for the clinician to make an adequate diagnosis and treatment plan and to carry out a plan of therapy. Aim To determine the size of individual permanent tooth and the sex differences, with tooth size ratios according to Bolton's formula and to evaluate the reliability of Bolton's norms (Anterior/Posterior) in Indian population. Materials and methods One hundred and twenty cases in which an excellent occlusion was naturally existent with the mean age of 22 years (18-27 years) were selected in the study. The casts were prepared after taking alginate impression of maxillary and mandibular arches and pouring them immediately with dental stone. A sliding Digital Vernier calliper used to measure the teeth. The ratios of the mean of mesiodistal dimensions of types of teeth were computed. Results The mean overall ratio for the Indian population is found to be 92.11 with a standard deviation of 2.12. The values ranged from 86.50-97.13 and the median is 92.16. The mean anterior ratio for the Indian population is found to be 78.14 with a standard deviation of 2.59. Conclusion Bolton's original data does not represent Indian population. In our study Greater size variability was found in maxillary teeth as compared with mandibular teeth except mandibular first molar. Our study indicated that populationspecific standards are necessary for clinical assessments. Significant differences were shown for the overall ratio and anterior ratio for both sexes as compared to Bolton's ratio. How to cite this article Subbarao VV, Regalla RR, Santi V, Anita G, Kattimani VS. Interarch Tooth Size Relationship of Indian Populations: Does Bolton's Analysis Apply? J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):103-107.

The Effects of Statistical Analysis Software and Calculators on Statistics Achievement

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin P. Christmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Comprehensive University ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Univariate Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Statistical Analysis Software

This study compared the effects of microcomputer-based statistical software and hand-held calculators on the statistics achievement of university males and females. The subjects, 73 graduate students enrolled in univariate statistics classes at a public comprehensive university, were randomly assigned to groups that used either microcomputer-based statistics software or hand-held calculators in performing their statistical calculations. The effects of the independent variables of microcomputer-based statistics software and hand-held calculators on the dependent variable of statistics achievement were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance that revealed no significant difference on the basis of gender (p = 0.622). However, the two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the achievement of students who used the microcomputer-based statistics software and those who used hand-held calculators (p = 0.024), with those students who used microcomputer-based statistical analysis software scoring higher. Additionally, a significant interaction effect was disclosed (p = 0.027), with an effect size of 0.621, indicating that, on average, those males who used microcomputers outperformed 73% of the females who used microcomputers in performing their statistical calculations; while the females who used hand-held calculators outperformed 71% of the male users of calculators, on the basis of an effect size calculation of 0.545.

scholarly journals Bolton tooth size analysis in a sample of Sudanese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja AbdAlgadir Mustafa ◽  
Amal Hussein Abuaffan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
Digital Caliper

Introduction: A correct proportion between the upper and lower teeth is critical to achieving proper occlusal interdigitation, ideal overjet, and good molar intercuspation at the end of orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in the Sudanese population, investigate gender differences in tooth size ratios, and to compare these results with Bolton’s original ratio norm. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of dental casts of 104 Sudanese University students with normal occlusion (52 females, 52 males), aged between 16-26 years randomly selected from AL- Neelain University. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio. Mean, range, and standard deviation of the anterior and overall ratios were computed for each subject. T-Tests were used to compare gender differences and to investigate differences between the results of this study and Bolton’s original ratio. Results: Anterior and overall Bolton ratios for males were 78.43±2.44 and 93.901±9.8 and for females were 78.29±2.6 and 91.67±3.3 percent, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females for the anterior and overall ratios P>0.05. The anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios among Sudanese University students were 78.37 ± 2.54, and 92.79± 7.43 percent, respectively. statistically significant difference between this study and Bolton’s study were found in both anterior and overall ratio P<0.05. Conclusion: Bolton’s mean ratios may not be applicable to Sudanese. Keywords Bolton’s ratio; Sudanese population; tooth-size.

scholarly journals Determining Tooth Size Ratio in an Iranian-Azari Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Mirzakouchaki ◽  
Shirin Shahrbaf ◽  
Reza Talebiyan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Plaster Models ◽  
Female Subjects

Abstract Aim The aim of this investigation was to determine the tooth size ratio in an Iranian-Azari population. Method and Materials The Bolton tooth size analysis was performed on a sample of 50 plaster models (25 male subjects, 25 female subjects) of Iranian-Azari subjects. The mesiodistal widths of all teeth were obtained and the Bolton anterior ratio and overall ratio were calculated. The mean, range, and standard deviation were calculated for the anterior and overall ratio, and a coefficient of variation was obtained for the tooth size ratio. Results For the anterior ratio (3-3), the Iranian-Azari had a mean of 78.0 mm with a standard deviation of 3.1; the range was 73.68 to 84.6 mm. For the overall ratio (6-6), the mean was 92.0 mm with a standard deviation of 2.4; the range was 88.09 to 97.5 mm. Conclusions The results from the Iranian-Azari subjects in the study are similar to Bolton's original data for an American population. These values and the degree of variation were similar to the original data by Bolton, indicating the Bolton analysis for Caucasian samples can be transferred to an Iranian-Azari population. It also confirms no relevant sexual dimorphism exists, and these values are valid for both male and female subjects. Citation Mirzakouchaki B, Shahrbaf S, Talebiyan R. Determining Tooth Size Ratio in an Iranian-Azari Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:086-093.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tooth Size and Dental Arch Ratio in Bengali Population Sample

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Dhyan Chand Murmu ◽  
Swati Saraswata Acharya ◽  
Anu Ranjan Das ◽  
Bides Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Sample ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Lower Arch

Introduction: In order to maintain the proper relationship between upper and lower arch, Bolton proposed anterior ratio and overall ratio. Objective: To evaluate and compare the tooth size and arch size discrepancies between normal cases and Class I crowded cases of the Bengali population. To determine Bolton’s overall ratio and anterior ratio in the normal sample , and to identify the possible variation in tooth-arch size ratio in subjects in Bengali population. Materials & Method: A total of 60 maxillary and mandibular pretreatment dental study casts were taken and divided into control group and study group. The descriptive statistics in respect of Bolton’s anterior ratio and overall ratio were calculated. The t-test was done for the statistical difference between the two mean values. Result: Bolton’s ratios in Bengali population sample values were found to be similar to the original data of Caucasian population. Females showed a tendency of smaller teeth than the males. Conclusion: Bolton’s ratios could be consistent to use in the orthodontic diagnosis of Bengali population. It supports the concept that females showed smaller teeth than the males.  

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