scholarly journals Determining Tooth Size Ratio in an Iranian-Azari Population

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behnam Mirzakouchaki ◽  
Shirin Shahrbaf ◽  
Reza Talebiyan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Size Ratio ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Plaster Models ◽  
Female Subjects

Abstract Aim The aim of this investigation was to determine the tooth size ratio in an Iranian-Azari population. Method and Materials The Bolton tooth size analysis was performed on a sample of 50 plaster models (25 male subjects, 25 female subjects) of Iranian-Azari subjects. The mesiodistal widths of all teeth were obtained and the Bolton anterior ratio and overall ratio were calculated. The mean, range, and standard deviation were calculated for the anterior and overall ratio, and a coefficient of variation was obtained for the tooth size ratio. Results For the anterior ratio (3-3), the Iranian-Azari had a mean of 78.0 mm with a standard deviation of 3.1; the range was 73.68 to 84.6 mm. For the overall ratio (6-6), the mean was 92.0 mm with a standard deviation of 2.4; the range was 88.09 to 97.5 mm. Conclusions The results from the Iranian-Azari subjects in the study are similar to Bolton's original data for an American population. These values and the degree of variation were similar to the original data by Bolton, indicating the Bolton analysis for Caucasian samples can be transferred to an Iranian-Azari population. It also confirms no relevant sexual dimorphism exists, and these values are valid for both male and female subjects. Citation Mirzakouchaki B, Shahrbaf S, Talebiyan R. Determining Tooth Size Ratio in an Iranian-Azari Population. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:086-093.

Interarch Tooth Size Relationship of Indian Population: Does Bolton's Analysis Apply?

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Reddy Regalla ◽  
Vummidisetti V Subbarao ◽  
V Santi ◽  
G Anita
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Size Relationship ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Background Orthodontists have several methods to detect inter arch-tooth size discrepancies in patients presenting for orthodontic treatment. Many methods such as Pont's analysis, Nance and Carey's analysis, Peck and Peck ratio, Bolton's analysis are commonly used methods. A thorough search of literature reveals a paucity of reliable data on the mesiodistal dimensions of the crowns of the permanent dentition of Indian population. Without information about the size of individual tooth and groups of teeth for Indian population, it is difficult for the clinician to make an adequate diagnosis and treatment plan and to carry out a plan of therapy. Aim To determine the size of individual permanent tooth and the sex differences, with tooth size ratios according to Bolton's formula and to evaluate the reliability of Bolton's norms (Anterior/Posterior) in Indian population. Materials and methods One hundred and twenty cases in which an excellent occlusion was naturally existent with the mean age of 22 years (18-27 years) were selected in the study. The casts were prepared after taking alginate impression of maxillary and mandibular arches and pouring them immediately with dental stone. A sliding Digital Vernier calliper used to measure the teeth. The ratios of the mean of mesiodistal dimensions of types of teeth were computed. Results The mean overall ratio for the Indian population is found to be 92.11 with a standard deviation of 2.12. The values ranged from 86.50-97.13 and the median is 92.16. The mean anterior ratio for the Indian population is found to be 78.14 with a standard deviation of 2.59. Conclusion Bolton's original data does not represent Indian population. In our study Greater size variability was found in maxillary teeth as compared with mandibular teeth except mandibular first molar. Our study indicated that populationspecific standards are necessary for clinical assessments. Significant differences were shown for the overall ratio and anterior ratio for both sexes as compared to Bolton's ratio. How to cite this article Subbarao VV, Regalla RR, Santi V, Anita G, Kattimani VS. Interarch Tooth Size Relationship of Indian Populations: Does Bolton's Analysis Apply? J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):103-107.

scholarly journals THE RELIABILITY OF THE BOLTON RATIO WHEN APPLIED TO THE INDONESIAN POPULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Joko Kusnoto
Keyword(s):  
T Test ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

  Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether Bolton ratio can be applied clinically to the Indonesian population and to determine a more suitable Bolton ratio for the Indonesian population.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 readily available study models of treated cases comprising 37 males and 83 females. Two investigators separately measured the mesiodistal crown width of maxillary and mandibular tooth on each study model using sliding calipers. According to Bolton’s method, the overall and anterior ratios from each sample were calculated and the mean was generated. Using Student’s t-test with a 95% confidence interval, the investigators compared whether there is a significant difference between the ratio from Bolton’s samples and the ratio from the Indonesian samples.Results: The result of this study showed that, for Indonesian samples, the overall ratio is 89.7±2.05, while the anterior ratio is 76.4±2.76. Student’s t-test showed that there is a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the results of this study and that of Bolton’s study for both the anterior and overall ratios.Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a difference between Indonesian population and Caucasian population in tooth size and Bolton ratio value. Therefore, original Bolton ratio value cannot be used as an accurate diagnostic tool for Indonesian population.

Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion classes: a comparative study

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Alkofide ◽  
Hayder Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a difference exists in intermaxillary tooth size among different malocclusion groups in Saudi patients. The study consisted of 240 pretreatment orthodontic casts (Sixty cases in each malocclusion class, in addition to normal occlusion). The results of the study shows no significant difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies for the overall ratio and anterior ratio between the different malocclusion groups, except for the anterior ratio in class III malocclusion. Further, no statistical significant difference was observed between males and females. When the mean values of the present study were compared to that of Bolton's, a significant difference was found in all the malocclusion classes.We can conclude from this study that Bolton tooth size analysis is an important diagnostic tool, and should be taken into consideration before initiation of orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Tooth Size and Dental Arch Ratio in Bengali Population Sample

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Dhyan Chand Murmu ◽  
Swati Saraswata Acharya ◽  
Anu Ranjan Das ◽  
Bides Bhaumik
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Normal Sample ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Lower Arch

Introduction: In order to maintain the proper relationship between upper and lower arch, Bolton proposed anterior ratio and overall ratio. Objective: To evaluate and compare the tooth size and arch size discrepancies between normal cases and Class I crowded cases of the Bengali population. To determine Bolton’s overall ratio and anterior ratio in the normal sample , and to identify the possible variation in tooth-arch size ratio in subjects in Bengali population. Materials & Method: A total of 60 maxillary and mandibular pretreatment dental study casts were taken and divided into control group and study group. The descriptive statistics in respect of Bolton’s anterior ratio and overall ratio were calculated. The t-test was done for the statistical difference between the two mean values. Result: Bolton’s ratios in Bengali population sample values were found to be similar to the original data of Caucasian population. Females showed a tendency of smaller teeth than the males. Conclusion: Bolton’s ratios could be consistent to use in the orthodontic diagnosis of Bengali population. It supports the concept that females showed smaller teeth than the males.  

scholarly journals Thresholds for Clinically Significant Tooth-Size Discrepancy

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Endo ◽  
Kenji Uchikura ◽  
Katsuyuki Ishida ◽  
Isao Shundo ◽  
Kosuke Sakaeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Large Groups

Abstract Objective: To determine an appropriate threshold for clinically significant tooth-size discrepancy using both a Bolton standard deviation (SD) definition and a millimetric definition. Materials and Methods: Mesiodistal tooth widths were measured in 250 pretreatment dental casts of patients with Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. The anterior and overall ratios and the required amount of maxillary and mandibular corrections were calculated. The casts were divided into small, normal, and large groups according to the anterior and overall ratios categorized by the Bolton SD definition, and into small, normal, and large groups according to the required amount of maxillary and mandibular corrections expressed in millimeters. Results: The small and large anterior ratio groups which fell under the category of the 2 SD threshold did not always need maxillary or mandibular corrections greater than 2 mm, while the small and large overall ratio groups always needed maxillary and mandibular corrections greater than 2 mm. The small and large maxillary correction groups in the 2 mm threshold category did not always have anterior or overall ratios greater than 2 SDs from the Bolton mean. However, the small and large mandibular correction groups always had anterior ratios greater than 2 SDs and did not always have overall ratios greater than 2 SDs. Conclusions: The tooth-size discrepancies could be better expressed in terms of both percentage and actual amount of millimeters required for correction. The ratios outside 2 SDs from the Bolton mean and the discrepancies requiring more than 2 mm of maxillary and/or mandibular corrections are recommendable as the appropriate thresholds for clinical significance.

scholarly journals Determination of Bolton Norms for Indian Population Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
TV Pawan Kumar ◽  
Prasad Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Population Sample ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Male Subjects

Introduction: Tooth size discrepancy varies between different ethnic groups and races. Bolton’s tooth size norms were originally determined in Caucasian population.Objective: To determine tooth size ratios for maxillary and mandibular dentition in Telangana population of Indian sample and to compare the ratios with standard Bolton norms.Materials & Method: The study sample comprised of 300 subjects (150 males and 150 females) aged between 14-25 years having Angle’s Class 1 molar relationship. Study models of all subjects were prepared and mesiodistal dimensions were measured to determine mean Bolton’s anterior ratio, overall ratio, over jet and overbite.Result: Evidence of sexual dimorphism was observed with Indian male subjects having greater mean values than the females. The determined mean for anterior tooth ratio was 80.88 ± 3.03%, overall tooth ratio 93.99 ± 3.11%, overjet 2.92 ± 0.62mm and overbite 2.96 ± 0.63mm. Statistically significant differences were found between Indian samples and Bolton Caucasian standards.Conclusion: The study provides evidence that tooth sizes are population specific. Mean values specific to particular population groups should be derived in order to make treatment planning more accurate and predictable.

scholarly journals Analysis of Interarch Tooth Size Relationship in Nepalese Subjects with Normal Occlusion and Malocclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Mishra ◽  
Dashrath Kafle ◽  
Rahul Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Anterior Ratio ◽  
Overall Ratio

Introduction. A proportional relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth size is required for achieving good finish with proper overjet and overbite postorthodontic treatment. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in Nepalese population, to compare Bolton’s ratio between subjects with normal occlusion, Class I malocclusion, and Class II malocclusion, to compare these results with Bolton’s norm, and to determine the frequency of clinically significant (beyond 2 SD) tooth size discrepancy compared to Bolton’s norm. Materials and Methods. The study models of the subjects with normal occlusion and Angle’s Class I malocclusion and Class II malocclusion and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were retrieved from department archives. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. The study sample of 120 study models consisted of the normal occlusion group (n = 31), Class I malocclusion group (n = 47), and Class II malocclusion group (n = 42). These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio in three groups of subjects. Bolton’s ratio of study groups was compared with each other and with Bolton’s original ratio. Results. The differences in tooth size ratio of the study groups were not significant statistically, when the groups were compared on the basis of malocclusion or gender. Statistically significant differences were exclusively observed between the study groups and Bolton’s original sample for the anterior ratio. The frequency of the clinically significant tooth size ratio discrepancy was lower for the overall ratio (9.1%) compared to the anterior ratio (22.5%). Conclusions. Bolton’s analysis on the Nepalese population sample shows that there was no significant difference observed on the anterior and overall tooth size ratios when these were compared based on Angle’s malocclusion classes or gender. The clinically significant anterior tooth size discrepancy was more prevalent than that of the overall ratio.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Tooth Size Discrepancy between Male and Female Subjects Presenting with a Class I Malocclusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Eva Man Yee Leung ◽  
Yanqi Yang ◽  
Balvinder Khambay ◽  
Ricky Wing Kit Wong ◽  
Colman McGrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class I ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Southern Chinese ◽  
Size Discrepancy ◽  
Tooth Size Discrepancy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Subjects

Objectives. To evaluate the tooth size discrepancy and Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects with a Class I malocclusion. Materials and Methods. The digital e-models of 100 male and 100 female 12-year-old southern Chinese children with a Class I malocclusion were selected. The mesiodistal widths from permanent first molar to the contralateral side first molar of the upper and lower dentitions were measured. Differences between the tooth size discrepancy, together with the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects, were assessed using a two-sample t-test. A paired t-test was used to determine differences between antimetric pairs of teeth within the same arch. Results. Females had statistically significant smaller teeth than males (P < 0.05) except the upper left and lower left lateral incisor and lower left and right central incisors. The mean values of anterior Bolton’s ratios for males and females were 77.04 and 77.03, respectively (P > 0.05), while the mean values of overall Bolton’s ratios of male and female are 90.48 and 90.65, respectively (P < 0.05). The clinical significant differences (Cohen’s d > 0.2) for contralateral tooth size were shown on the maxillary canines, lateral incisors, and central incisors of males; and mandibular canines and lateral incisors of females. Conclusions. Southern Chinese females presenting with Class I malocclusions have smaller mesiodistal tooth dimensions compared to males. Both males and females presented several tooth size asymmetries. There are no statistical differences in anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios between the genders.

Selected Acoustic Characteristics of Voices Before Intubation and After Extubation

1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Horii ◽  
Barbara F. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acoustic Characteristics ◽  
Computerized Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Subjects

Effects of endotracheal intubation on acoustic characteristics of voices were investigated for 8 male and 8 female subjects using a miniature neck accelerometer and computerized analysis methods. Variables extracted from sustained vowels were (1) spectral slopes of the average waveforms, (2) harmonics-to-noise ratios (H/N), (3) coefficients of variation for amplitude (CVA), (4) coefficients of variation for fundamental frequency (CVF), (5) amplitude perturbation (shimmer), and (6) fundamental frequency perturbation (jitter). Fundamental frequency (Fo) distributional statistics (mean Fo, Fo standard deviation, and Fo mid-90% range) were also obtained from oral readings. Results for the sustained vowel samples showed that after extubation, (1) spectral slopes were less steep, and (2) both shimmer and jitter were greater than before intubation. Results for the passage reading revealed that the mean Fo was lower and the Fo standard deviation and mid-90% range were smaller after the extubation than before intubation. It was concluded that even short-term endotracheal intubation affects acoustic characteristics of voice and that selected measures of waveform characteristics are sensitive enough to reveal such effects.

scholarly journals Bolton tooth size analysis in a sample of Sudanese adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja AbdAlgadir Mustafa ◽  
Amal Hussein Abuaffan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
University Students ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Overall Ratio ◽  
Mandibular Teeth ◽  
Digital Caliper

Introduction: A correct proportion between the upper and lower teeth is critical to achieving proper occlusal interdigitation, ideal overjet, and good molar intercuspation at the end of orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in the Sudanese population, investigate gender differences in tooth size ratios, and to compare these results with Bolton’s original ratio norm. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of dental casts of 104 Sudanese University students with normal occlusion (52 females, 52 males), aged between 16-26 years randomly selected from AL- Neelain University. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal tooth size of the maxillary and mandibular teeth anterior to the second molars. These measurements were then used to obtain Bolton’s ratio. Mean, range, and standard deviation of the anterior and overall ratios were computed for each subject. T-Tests were used to compare gender differences and to investigate differences between the results of this study and Bolton’s original ratio. Results: Anterior and overall Bolton ratios for males were 78.43±2.44 and 93.901±9.8 and for females were 78.29±2.6 and 91.67±3.3 percent, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females for the anterior and overall ratios P>0.05. The anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios among Sudanese University students were 78.37 ± 2.54, and 92.79± 7.43 percent, respectively. statistically significant difference between this study and Bolton’s study were found in both anterior and overall ratio P<0.05. Conclusion: Bolton’s mean ratios may not be applicable to Sudanese. Keywords Bolton’s ratio; Sudanese population; tooth-size.

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