Undiagnosed hypertension and diabetes: concordance between self-reported and actual profile among traders in Nigerian market

Objective: To describe the distribution of risk, diagnosis and pharmacological treatments for diabetes and hypertension after seven years among patients provided with opportunistic medical screening in a dental setting. Material and Methods: The initial screening’s 170 participants were asked to take part in a seven-year follow-up study. Data were collected through self-reported information in a written health declaration. Outcome measures: • Number of study participants who had passed away • Prescription of antidiabetics or antihypertensives • Changes in weight and height to calculate body mass index (BMI) Results: The follow-up study consisted of 151 participants. Twenty had passed away. The risk needs for medicating with antihypertensive drugs after seven years for those not receiving pharmacological treatment at the initial screening was 3.7 times greater (p=0.025 CI 1.2-11.3) for participants with a diastolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 90 mm Hg (85 for diabetics) than for the others. The risk was 3.9 times greater (p=0.020 CI 1.2-12.6) for those with a systolic BP of 140-159 mm Hg and 54.2 times greater (p<0.0001 CI 9.8-300.3) for those with a systolic BP ≥ 160 mm Hg than for those with a systolic BP 140 mm Hg. There were no changes in BMI. Conclusion: At least one in ten cases of incorrect medication or undiagnosed hypertension may be identifiable through opportunistic medical screening

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Blood Pressure and Tooth Loss: A Large Cross-Sectional Study with Age Mediation Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18010285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

José João Mendes ◽

João Viana ◽

Filipe Cruz ◽

Dinis Pereira ◽

Sílvia Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Continuous Measures ◽

Effect Of Age

We aimed to investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) and tooth loss and the mediation effect of age. A cross-sectional study from a reference dental hospital was conducted from September 2017 to July 2020. Single measures of BP were taken via an automated sphygmomanometer device. Tooth loss was assessed through oral examination and confirmed radiographically. Severe tooth loss was defined as 10 or more teeth lost. Additional study covariates were collected via sociodemographic and medical questionnaires. A total of 10,576 patients were included. Hypertension was more prevalent in severe tooth loss patients than nonsevere tooth lost (56.1% vs. 39.3%, p < 0.001). The frequency of likely undiagnosed hypertension was 43.4%. The adjusted logistic model for sex, smoking habits and body mass index confirmed the association between continuous measures of high BP and continuous measures of tooth loss (odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03–1.06, p < 0.001). Age mediated 80.0% and 87.5% of the association between periodontitis with both systolic BP (p < 0.001) and diastolic BP (p < 0.001), respectively. Therefore, hypertension and tooth loss are associated, with a consistent mediation effect of age. Frequency of undiagnosed hypertension was elevated. Age, gender, active smoking, and BMI were independently associated with raised BP.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Undiagnosed Hypertension in an Apparently Healthy Western Indian Population

Advances in Epidemiology ◽

10.1155/2015/649184 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Anand N. Shukla ◽

Tarun Madan ◽

Bhavesh M. Thakkar ◽

Meena M. Parmar ◽

Komal H. Shah

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Indian Population ◽

Total Population ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

History Of ◽

Major Illness ◽

Apparently Healthy

This epidemiological study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of undetected hypertension in an apparently healthy western Indian population having no history of major illness. 3629 individuals of ≥18 years of age were included in the study. Hypertension (HTN) was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg and prehypertension (PHTN) as SBP ≥ 120–139 mmHg or DBP ≥ 80–89 mmHg, but without HTN. The prevalence of undiagnosed HTN in the total population was 26% and was 11% and 40% in the young (≤40-year) and old (>40-year) populations, respectively. The prevalence of PHTN, 40% in the overall population, was nearly the same in the young (39%) and the old population (42%). The risk factor most strongly associated with PHTN and HTN was obesity, showing the highest odds ratio in the overall (PHTN 2.14; 95% CI 1.20–3.81; HTN 2.72; 95% CI 1.53–4.85), the young (PHTN 2.29; 95% CI 1.25–4.21; HTN 2.92; 95% CI 1.59–5.35), and the old (PHTN 1.13; 95% CI 0.65–1.96; HTN 1.38; 95% CI 0.79–2.4) populations. Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases which must not be ignored, especially in the western Indian population.

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Burden of Undiagnosed Hypertension in Sub-Saharan Africa

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04394 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 291-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 198

Author(s):

Feven Ataklte ◽

Sebhat Erqou ◽

Stephen Kaptoge ◽

Betiglu Taye ◽

Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

Sub Saharan

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Concerns about the prevalence estimates of undiagnosed hypertension among women aged 15–49 years in India

Journal of Human Hypertension ◽

10.1038/s41371-021-00626-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ambarish Dutta ◽

Gayatri Nayak

Keyword(s):

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

Prevalence Estimates

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Abstract 14236: Cardiovascular Risk at Presentation for Gender-Affirming Care in the Transgender Population

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14236 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Kara J Denby ◽

Meghana Patil ◽

Karlo Toljan ◽

Leslie Cho ◽

Cecile A Ferrando

Keyword(s):

Medical Condition ◽

Risk Scores ◽

Chronic Medical Condition ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

Laboratory Results ◽

Ascvd Risk ◽

Cv Disease ◽

Risk Categories ◽

Statin Use

Introduction: Due to stigma, the transgender (TG) population experiences socioeconomic and health disparities, including decreased access to care. Use of gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) may place TG individuals at increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. The objective of this study is to identify the baseline CV risk of TG individuals presenting for gender affirming care. Methods: This was a retrospective study of TG patients seeking GAHT from a multi-disciplinary transgender program. Patients were included if they had not yet initiated GAHT. Once patients were identified, the EMR was queried for the following data: demographics, medical history, vitals, medications, and laboratory results. The ACC/AHA ASCVD and QRISK3 risk scores were calculated for all patients who did not have documented CV disease. Results: 427 patients met inclusion criteria. Demographics are in Table 1. Of the patients, 237 (55.4%) had a chronic medical condition. The incidence of undiagnosed hypertension and hyperlipidemia was 6.8% and11.3% respectively, and of these cases, only 64.4% and 24.1% were on appropriate therapies. Mean ASCVD risk and QRISK3 for ages 40-65 was 8.3% and 12.2%, respectively. Mean QRISK for ages 25-39 years was 4.6%. Of those patients who fell into intermediate or high risk categories, there was limited statin use (Figure 1). Conclusions: TG individuals presenting for GAHT have elevated CV risk, including high rates of undiagnosed and untreated CV risk factors with inadequate CV prevention. They appear to be at higher risk than their age matched historical cohorts regardless of gender.

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The Prevalence and Awareness of Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors among the Lebanese Population: A Prospective Study Comparing Urban to Rural Populations

Cardiology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2017/3530902 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Iqbal Fahs ◽

Zainab Khalife ◽

Diana Malaeb ◽

Mohammad Iskandarani ◽

Pascale Salameh

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Undiagnosed Diabetes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

Lebanese Population ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

A Prospective Study

Introduction. CVDs are largely driven by modifiable risk factors. This study sought to determine the awareness and prevalence of the modifiable CVDs risk factors among the Lebanese population.Methods. In a cross-sectional survey, 1000 participants aged ≥ 45 years were randomly selected from pharmacies and interviewed. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 21.0 software.Results. Differences between urban and rural areas include alcohol consumption (2.8% versus 1.7%;p=0.0001), cardioprotective vegetable servings (6.1% versus 2.3%;p=0.016), sedentary hours per day (18.6% versus 15.1%;p=0.002), and hypertension (38.5% versus 25.4%;p=0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity (77.3% versus 75.2%;p=0.468), smoking (39.3% versus 43.3%;p=0.232), diabetes (25.4% versus 21.4%;p=0.173), and dyslipidemia (25 versus 21.2%) was reported. Measurements revealed 19.3% of undiagnosed hypertension (12.4% versus 22.4%,p=0.001), 61.7% of hypertension (59.8% versus 62.6%;p=0.203), and 7.9% of undiagnosed diabetes (6.6% versus 8.6%;p=0.323). The declared awareness of CVDs risk factors was highest for smoking (91.5% versus 89.7%;p=0.339) and lowest for diabetes (54.4 versus 55.7%;p=0.692).Conclusion. This study has shown a high prevalence of modifiable CVDs risk factors in the Lebanese population ≥ 45 years, among which hypertension is the most prominent.

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Vermal cerebellar hemorrhage as the initial manifestation of undiagnosed hypertension

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20164579 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 357 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alagoma Iyagba ◽

Arthur Onwuchekwa

Keyword(s):

Sudden Onset ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Neck Stiffness ◽

Cerebellar Haemorrhage ◽

Initial Manifestation ◽

Truncal Ataxia ◽

Accident And Emergency ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

History Of ◽

Clonic Seizures

Vermal cerebellar haemorrhage is bleeding affecting the midline region of the cerebellum. It is uncommon, accounting for 5-13% of all intracerebral haemorrhages. It is a grave condition with a high mortality. The diagnosis must be made early, if not, most patients would die within 48 hours. A 70-year-old lady presented to the accident and emergency department with a six hours history of sudden onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures following activity and loss of consciousness. She was unconscious with a Glasgow coma score of 3/15 with neck stiffness, generalized hypotonia and globally diminished reflexes. Her blood pressure was 240/120 mmHg with a mean arterial pressure of 160 mmHg. The brain computerized tomographic scan showed a hyperdense area in the cerebellar vermis with extension to both hemispheres and fourth ventricle. Consciousness was regained after three weeks of conservative management following which she became extremely restless and noticed to have developed titubations with nystagmus of both eyes. She also developed intention tremors, scanning dysarthria, generalized hypotonia, dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia and intentional bilateral tremors. Her recovery was slow and gradual. Once she was able to stand with support, she was noticed to have florid truncal ataxia, lower limbs ataxia, and titubations.

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Abstract P053: Sodium and Potassium Intake and Blood Pressure and Risk of Hypertension Among U.S. Adults - Results From NHANES 2003-2008

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.ap053 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Zefeng Zhang ◽

Mary Cogswell ◽

Cathleen Gillespie ◽

Jing Fang ◽

Shifan Dai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Potassium Intake ◽

Undiagnosed Hypertension ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Prevention Of Hypertension ◽

Sodium And Potassium

Introduction: Evidence from randomized controlled trials demonstrates higher sodium and/or lower potassium intake increase blood pressure and the risk of hypertension. However, the relationship between sodium, potassium and blood pressure has not been examined using nationally representative sample and estimated usual intakes of these nutrients. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that usual sodium and potassium intake have opposing effects on blood pressure and a higher sodium-to-potassium ratio is associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Methods: We analyzed data on 12,854 participants aged 20 years and older from the 2003-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We estimated the usual intakes of sodium and potassium from the diet accounting for measurement error. Mean blood pressure was calculated from up to three readings on each subject and hypertension included both diagnosed and undiagnosed hypertension. We used multivariable linear regression to examine the associations between intakes of sodium, potassium and their ratio with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and logistic regression for associations with hypertension. Results: The average estimated usual intakes of sodium and potassium were 3465 and 2741 mg/d, respectively. The average sodium-to-potassium ratio was 1.39; higher ratios were observed among males, younger and non-Hispanic black participants. After adjustment for potential confounders, usual intakes of sodium, potassium and their ratio were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure, with an increase of 1.08 mm Hg (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30 – 1.86) and a decrease of 1.47 mmHg (95% CI: -2.31, -0.63) for every 1000 mg/d increase in sodium and potassium intake, respectively, and an increase of 2.80 mmHg (95% CI: 0.90 - 4.70) for every unit increase in sodium-to-potassium ratio. No association was found for diastolic blood pressure. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) comparing the highest and lowest quartiles of usual sodium or potassium intakes were 1.63 (95% CI: 1.14 - 2.34) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.45 - 0.82), respectively, for risk of hypertension. For sodium-to-potassium ratio, the adjusted OR was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.17 - 1.89). The patterns of association were largely consistent across age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and education subgroups. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results indicated higher sodium and lower potassium intakes were associated with increased systolic blood pressure and risk for hypertension. The combined effect of sodium and potassium might play a central role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The results further confirm that reducing sodium and increasing potassium intakes concurrently may have important implications in the prevention of hypertension, and hence, of cardiovascular disease.

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