Organizational Configurations in the Provision of Social Services and Advocacy to Victims and Survivors of Human Trafficking

The current academic discourse examining human trafficking is lacking in focus on survivors with a disability. The increased likelihood of abuse experienced by people with a disability is well documented in the research literature, and a small body of research indicates heightened sex trafficking victimization of minor girls with a disability. Yet, very little research specifically examines sex and/or labor trafficking of people with a disability, and no systematic research analyzes prosecuted cases of trafficking with disability as the focal point of analysis. Drawing from a content analysis of 18 federal and 17 state cases of human trafficking, the current study specifically aimed to increase our understandings of sex and labor trafficking involving survivors with a disability. The findings revealed the following patterns and themes: 1) the type of trafficking experienced (sex, labor, or both), 2) whether state level or federal cases 3) the types of disabilities identified among trafficking survivors, 4) the nature of the relationship between traffickers and survivors, 5) methods of recruitment, 6) case outcomes; and 7) demographic characteristics of traffickers and survivors (e.g., gender/citizenship). Implications include prevention efforts in the form of developmentally grounded sex education and healthy relationships curriculum for survivors with an intellectual disability, as well as specialized anti-trafficking training for those in legal, healthcare, and social services that is inclusive of people with a disability.

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The Trafficking Continuum: Service Providers’ Perspectives on Vulnerability, Exploitation, and Trafficking

Affilia ◽

10.1177/0886109918803648 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 116-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Corinne Schwarz ◽

Daniel Alvord ◽

Dorothy Daley ◽

Megha Ramaswamy ◽

Emily Rauscher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Social Services ◽

Sex Trafficking ◽

Kansas City ◽

Risk Model ◽

Service Providers ◽

Sexual Exploitation ◽

Labor Exploitation ◽

A Chain

Much of the research on human trafficking focuses on the prosecution of traffickers and protection of survivors after the crime has occurred. Less is known about the social disparities that make someone vulnerable to trafficking. This project examines human trafficking from a preventive focus, using data from a case study of service providers working with at-risk populations in the Kansas City, MO-KS area. The research team conducted 42 in-depth interviews with service providers working in the medical, educational, legal, and social services sectors from 2013 to 2016. Participants identified risk factors that could make someone vulnerable to labor or sexual exploitation. These factors clustered into four key areas: economic insecurity, housing insecurity, education, and migration. The research findings also suggest that human trafficking may be driven by an accumulation of risk factors that move vulnerable persons closer to labor exploitation and sex trafficking, fitting with a chain-of-risk model. We propose a model that reconceives of trafficking as a continuum that includes a range of vulnerabilities, violence, and traumas. In order to address human trafficking, policy makers and advocates need to focus on upstream prevention factors to address vulnerabilities that can lead to sex and labor exploitation.

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Women Trading Sex in a U.S.-Mexico Border City: A Qualitative Study of the Barriers and Facilitators to Finding Community and Voice

Sexes ◽

10.3390/sexes1010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Claudia Gonzalez ◽

Kimberly C. Brouwer ◽

Elizabeth Reed ◽

Melanie J. Nicholls ◽

Jessica Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Social Services ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Service Providers ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Or Education ◽

Sex Trade ◽

Structural Support

Poverty and income inequality can increase a woman’s decision to engage in risky transactional sex, and may lead to unimaginable harms, such as violence, substance use, and human trafficking. This study examines the facilitators and barriers to finding community and voice among women trading sex in Tijuana, Mexico, and what factors, such as socio-structural support, violence, and substance use, may impact their potential to engage with others, including human service providers. Sixty qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with women trading sex in Tijuana, Mexico. Researchers met with participants for in-depth-face-to-face structured interviews. Data were coded using ATLAS.ti. Participants were aged 19–73 (mean: 37), 98% were of Mexican nationality, 90% reported trading sex independent of the control of others, with 58% identified as independent and street-based. Thirty percent of women trading sex reported substance use (excluding marijuana) and 20% reported injection drug use within 30 days. The majority reported no involvement in mobilization activities, but 85% expressed interest. However, barriers included stigma, cultural gender norms, partner violence, and privacy in regards to disclosure of sex trade involvement, moral conflict (revealing one’s involvement in sex trade), involvement in substance use, human trafficking, and feeling powerless. Facilitators were having a safe space to meet, peer support, self-esteem, feeling heard, knowledge of rights, economic need to support families, and staying healthy. Findings imply the potential to go beyond mobilizing limited groups of women in the sex trade and instead involve whole community mobilization; that is, to reach and include the more vulnerable women (substance use, trafficked) in supportive services (social services, exit strategies, better healthcare opportunities, and/or education for healthcare providers to help break societal stigmas regarding women in the sex trade) and to change the status of women in society in general.

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9.M. Workshop: Migration and health

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.492 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

◽

Keyword(s):

Human Trafficking ◽

Social Services ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Code Of Ethics ◽

Health And Social Services ◽

The North ◽

International Recruitment ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Who Code ◽

Southern Mediterranean

Abstract Migration has witnessed important development worldwide and in the Mediterranean region because of globalization, political and economic transformations and climate changes. Global agreements on trade in service in addition to deteriorating working conditions have facilitated movement of health professionals from countries of the south to countries of the north with dramatic implications on health systems. The middle east and North Africa region are presently hosting the highest numbers of refugees and migrants fleeing wars and civil strives in South East Asia, Sub Saharan Africa and Middle East. They live in difficult conditions and do not access quality health care services. The geostrategic position of Maghreb and North African countries and their historic ties with Europe imposes to build collaboration and solidarity to deal with the issue of migration and health. Refugees and migrants in Northern and Southern banks of the Mediterranean lack appropriate health and social services, often provided by generous civil society organizations with limited commitment from national governments. Also, their vulnerable status makes them easy targets for international and national human trafficking gangs. Professional associations and scientific societies and schools of public health have an important advocacy role through research and generation of evidence. Health professionals from countries of the southern Mediterranean countries are migrating at increasing pace for several reasons including worsening working conditions to countries of the north and mainly to Europe. Such uncoordinated migration is negatively impacting on health service delivery in countries and it is representing a serious challenge to health systems. Unfortunately, countries of the North, apart from Germany in relation to nurses migrating from Vietnam, are not applying the WHO code of ethics in international recruitment of health professionals. The objectives of the workshop are to: Document gaps in health and social services provided to refugees and migrants as well as issues related to human trafficking among refugees and migrants.Share experiences among countries of the region in provision of health and social services to migrantsAdvocate human right approach in access to decent health and social services to refugees and migrants in Europe and southern Mediterranean countries.Plea for the implementation of the WHO code of ethics in international recruitment of health professionals. Presentations during the workshop: Human trafficking among refugees and migrants in Tunisia: By Dr. Belgacem Sabri.Health promotion for migrants in Morocco: Progress, challenges et prospects, By Pr. Abderrahmane Maaroufi.Brain drain of Tunisian competencies: The case of health professionals: By Pr. Lassaad Laabidi, and Dr Belgacem SabriMapping of access of refugees and migrants in Tunisia in access to social and health care services by Pr. Chokri Arfa. Key messages Advocate human right approach in access to decent health and social services to refugees and migrants in Europe and southern Mediterranean countries. Plea for the implementation of the WHO code of ethics in international recruitment of health professionals.

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The Protection of Women and Children as Victims of Human Trafficking in Jambi Province

Jambe Law Journal ◽

10.22437/jlj.1.2.207-230 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 207-230

Author(s):

Hafrida Hafrida ◽

Nelli Herlina ◽

Zulham Adamy

Keyword(s):

Empirical Study ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Social Services ◽

Child Protection ◽

Task Force ◽

Regional Government ◽

Legal Research ◽

Trafficking Victim ◽

Women And Children ◽

The Law

The research aims at studying the policy of the Regional Government in protecting the victims of human trafficking, especially females and children. This legal research is based on an empirical study at Regional Police (POLDA), P2TP2A, and Social Services office in Jambi Province. The Law Number 35/2014 on the Amendment of The Law Number 23/2002 on Child Protection provides a greater portion for the Regional Government to take active roles in providing child protection and Presidential Regulation Number 69/2008 about Task Force Prevention and Handling the Criminal Act of Trafficking Victim. Using analysis of descriptive qualitative, it is learned that the handling of the women and children as victims of trafficking remain partially. The responsible institutions have not well-coordinated because a task force as commissioned by Presidential Regulation number 69/2008. The results show that Jambi Province has passed Jambi Province Regional Regulation Number 2/2015 on Prevention and Handling of Human Trafficking towards Females and Children. However, the study also shows that the regulation has not been applied by related parties since Governor’s regulation as implementing regulation is inexistent.

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Human Trafficking 3: Intervention And Therapy

10.2310/em.4627 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Wendy Macias-Konstantopoulos

Keyword(s):

Human Trafficking ◽

Social Services ◽

Child Protection ◽

Service Providers ◽

Case Managers ◽

Mandatory Reporting ◽

Forensic Evaluation ◽

Health Providers ◽

Safety Considerations ◽

Reporting Laws

Emergency department (ED) physicians must familiarize themselves with all mandatory reporting laws that apply to those whom they suspect of being the victims of human trafficking. Furthermore, ED physicians must be aware of when to require a forensic evaluation and when to enlist social services to help with the process of documentation, keeping in mind the medical, legal, and safety considerations of the patient. Subspecialty consultation should proceed in accordance with typical practice. Following the identification of a trafficked patient, a comprehensive interdisciplinary response should ensue: in addition to social workers, other hospital-based health professionals whose knowledge and skills may be needed include addiction service providers, child protection specialists, forensic and sexual assault nurse examiners, mental health providers, case managers, hospital legal counsel, and risk management specialists. Despite ED physician and related professional intervention, little is known regarding the outcomes of human trafficking. This review contains 1 figure, 3 tables and 13 references Key words: forensic evaluation, mandatory reporting laws, medical record documentation, neutral language, reported human trafficking, suspected human trafficking, trafficking in persons

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Frontline Response to High Impact Domestic Violence in France

10.18690/978-961-286-543-6.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 161-178

Author(s):

Marion Tillous ◽

Thierry Delpeuch ◽

François Bonnet

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Social Services ◽

Local Level ◽

High Impact ◽

Organisational Structure ◽

Law Enforcement Agencies ◽

Set Up ◽

Protection Order ◽

And Diffusion

Since the 2000s, several laws have been enacted by the French parliament to make domestic violence a crime taken more seriously. Among the most important developments, a 2010 bill introduced the protection order in French law; the inter-ministerial mission for the protection of women against violence and the fight against human trafficking (MIPROF) was created in 2013, and a set of conferences between public stakeholders and NGOs took place in 2019 (the "Grenelle des violences conjugales"). In France, policies to combat domestic violence at the local level essentially rely on the setting and diffusion of two types of organisational arrangements. The first type of arrangement is a specialised domestic violence unit that is set up within a larger organisation with a more general mission, such as law enforcement agencies, hospitals, or social services. The second type of arrangement is an inter-organisational structure intended to provide a framework for partnership cooperation against domestic violence, such as social workers embedded in police stations to provide expert assistance to victims when they report domestic violence.

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Human Trafficking In Accordance with Prosperity and National Economic Development

JURNAL CITA HUKUM ◽

10.15408/jch.v6i1.8265 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Renny Supriyatni Bachro ◽

Mien Rukmini

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Social Services ◽

Central Government ◽

Local Economic Development ◽

Development Economic ◽

Governmental Organization ◽

National Economic ◽

The Law ◽

Trafficking Victims

Abstract:Nowadays, Human trafficking has spread their wings and becomes a crime, the trafficker works with a good organization and works between country to country, it becomes a threat for society, nation and country itself. To prevent this issue, we need to collaborate with another institutions. Law enforcer, government, Social services and also Non-Governmental Organization need to collaborate to resolve this issue for Indonesia and for International society. Government has a responsibility and also active in various development condition such as prosperity development, economic development because it is the main responsibility for country to protect the law of the country including Human rights. This main responsibility cannot be reduced by political reasons, economic and also cultural reasons. This research aims an overview of the solutions regarding the form of the prevention and the protection of the law against human trafficking and also to find a concrete measure in the form of regulations to covers the victims of the human trafficking for a prosperity and economic development. However, based on the empirical data, there are many problems and obstacles in the implementation of the provision of legal protections in the term of restitution and rehabilitation. The suggestion is, to prevent and to protect human trafficking victims, we need to make sure the local regulations in each province is suitable with the act of PTPPO and also, we need to strengthen the coordination. Moreover, to strengthen the prosperity of the human trafficking victims and to immune the economic development in society, we need to make sure the coordination between the central government and the local government in each province is strong in the term of budgeting. The utilizations of the APBN is to covers about prosperity and local economic development in the village who have the most potential to be a human trafficking victim.Keyword: Human Trafficking, Protections of the victims, prevention, Welfare and economics.Abstrak: Saat ini, perdagangan manusia telah melebarkan sayap dan menjadi kejahatan. Pelaku bekerja dengan organisasi yang baik dan memiliki jaringan antar negara. Ia menjadi ancaman bagi masyarakat, bangsa dan negara itu sendiri. Untuk mencegah masalah ini, perlu dilakukan kolaborasi dengan institusi lain. Penegak hukum, pemerintah, layanan sosial dan juga LSM (organisasi non-pemerintah) perlu berkolaborasi untuk menyelesaikan masalah ini bagi Indonesia dan masyarakat internasional. Pemerintah pun memiliki tanggung jawab dan juga aktif dalam berbagai kondisi pembangunan seperti pembangunan kemakmuran, pembangunan ekonomi karena merupakan tanggung jawab utama bagi negara untuk melindungi hukum negara termasuk hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang solusi mengenai bentuk pencegahan dan perlindungan hukum terhadap perdagangan manusia dan juga untuk menemukan langkah-langkah konkret dalam bentuk peraturan yang mencakup korban perdagangan manusia untuk kemakmuran dan pembangunan ekonomi. Namun, berdasarkan data empiris, ada banyak masalah dan hambatan dalam pelaksanaan ketentuan perlindungan hukum dalam istilah restitusi dan rehabilitasi. Karenanya untuk mencegah dan melindungi korban perdagangan manusia, perlu dipastikan bahwa peraturan lokal di setiap provinsi sesuai dengan tindakan PTPPO dan juga perlu memperkuat koordinasi. Selain itu, untuk memperkuat kemakmuran korban perdagangan manusia dan untuk melindungi perkembangan ekonomi masyarakat, perlu juga dipastikan koordinasi antara pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah di setiap provinsi khususnya dalam hal penganggaran. APBN pun juga harus mencakup kemakmuran dan pembangunan ekonomi lokal di desa, karena desa paling berpotensi menjadi korban perdagangan manusia.Kata Kunci: Human Trafficking, Perlindungan Korban, Kesejahteraan dan EkonomiDOI: 10.15408/jch.v6i1.8265

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