Determination and evaluation of mercury concentration in fish in the São Francisco River Watershed, Brazil

The objective of this work was to evaluate the bioaccumulation of mercury in 13 species of fish with different eating habits, captured in the Três Marias Reservoir, São Francisco Basin, from March 2012 to April 2013. The results obtained showed that the species with carnivorous eating habit presented the highest average concentrations of mercury in muscle, especially Serrasalmus brandtii (pirambeba) and Pygocentrus piraya (piranha), with concentrations of 0.4147 ± 0.2744 μg g-1 and 0.17774 ± 0.2980 μg g-1, respectively. Considering the average concentrations, all the species studied showed levels of mercury below the maximum limit of 0.5 μg g-1 in non-predatory fish and 1.0 μg g-1 in predatory fish, established by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Taking each species into account, the minimum and maximum values of mercury in the muscular and hepatic tissues showed a wide dispersion. In 4% of the specimens of pirambeba and 7% of piranha, the contents of mercury in muscle exceeded the limit established by ANVISA for predatory fish, and therefore, were unfit for human consumption. The other species did not present muscle samples with Hg content above that established by law. Due to its carnivorous eating habit and its wide distribution in the São Francisco Basin, Serrasalmus brandtii can be considered a biomonitor, capable of bioaccumulating mercury, thus indicating the level of contamination in the aquatic environment in which it lives.

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NMR in Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Lipids from Muscles and Livers of Wild Amazonian Fishes with Different Eating Habits over Seasonal Variation

10.26434/chemrxiv.11771388.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Banny Correia ◽

Gilberto Gaspar Duarte Ortin ◽

Maiara da Silva Santos ◽

Raquel Susana Torrinhas ◽

Natalia Cristina Mor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Amazon River ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Eating Habit ◽

Piscivorous Fish

<div>Lipid composition of the Amazonian fishes remains unexplored although fishes in general show very high nutritional potential. Endogenous and environmental factors can influence the lipid contents of fishes among which, in the Amazon River, seasonal dynamics influences stand out. Herein, nine most consumed fish species were analyzed and their lipid composition evaluated in terms of effects of tissue from where were extracted, season of the Amazon River and the fish eating habits. Higher amounts of lipids were obtained from livers than dorsal muscles in all studied species. Statistical analysis has shown that Amazonian fishes present different lipid profiles according to their eating habits, which mainly comprises saturated fatty acids to distinguish detritivorous livers, and linolenic acid, cholesterol, polar lipids for carnivorous and piscivorous fish muscles. Furthermore, in Amazonian fish, some very important lipids for human nutrition are present, such as omega 3 and 6 fatty acids whose availability depended on the tissue metabolism and fishes’ eating habit along the seasonal periods. For example, our findings indicate that the piscivorous fish C. monoculus presented higher levels of linoleic acid for liver than linolenic acid and the opposite occurred for muscles. The omega 6 and 3 fatty acids ratio was influenced by the season dynamic of the Amazon River and availability of food according with each specific eating habit, poiting mainly to the piscivorous fishes as the healthiest fish for human consumption. </div><div><br></div>

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NMR in Analysis of the Nutritional Value of Lipids from Muscles and Livers of Wild Amazonian Fishes with Different Eating Habits over Seasonal Variation

10.26434/chemrxiv.11771388 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Banny Correia ◽

Gilberto Gaspar Duarte Ortin ◽

Maiara da Silva Santos ◽

Raquel Susana Torrinhas ◽

Natalia Cristina Mor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Lipid Composition ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Amazon River ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Eating Habit ◽

Piscivorous Fish

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Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0041977x00137401 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 482-510

Author(s):

C. Shackle

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

The Other ◽

Main Body ◽

Historical Importance ◽

Adequate Coverage ◽

Extreme North ◽

Language Areas ◽

North Western ◽

Scholarly Attention

The Indo-Iranian linguistic frontier constitutes one of the most complex and interesting language-areas of the sub-continent. Given the nature of the area, it is perhaps inevitable that scholarly attention should have been directed particularly to its remoter corners, where so much that is of historical importance has been preserved, and we certainly have every reason to be grateful for the fascination which such out of the way survivals have held for the minds of several outstanding linguists. It is, on the other hand, a matter for regret that so little has been done by comparison on the languages which flourish in less inaccessible parts of the frontier, particularly on the Indo-Aryan side. The wide distribution of such languages alone, quite apart from their intrinsic interest, demands that they too be accorded adequate coverage if the peculiarly complex language-patterns of the area are ever to be properly understood as a whole. The present article, based largely on material collected during a recent field-trip to Pakistan,1 represents an attempt to fill one such gap in contemporary coverage, by providing descriptions of the extreme north-western extensions of the main body of Indo-Aryan.

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The density and distribution of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in Krueng Cut, Aceh Besar

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/869/1/012056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 869 (1) ◽

pp. 012056

Author(s):

M Ramadhaniaty ◽

C Octavina ◽

FA Putri ◽

S Karina ◽

Ichsan

Keyword(s):

Crassostrea Gigas ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Pacific Oyster ◽

Sea Water ◽

The Other ◽

High Abundance ◽

Nutrient Input ◽

Oyster Population

Abstract Crassostrea gigas is a Pacific oyster that has the largest size among the other oysters. This oyster is most often found because of its ability to adapt to a variety of environments. Krueng Cut is an estuary area that gets a lot of nutrient input from sea water because it is directly adjacent to the ocean. This condition makes this area has a high abundance of oysters with high fishing and antropogenic activities as well. The purpose of this study was to determine the density and distribution of the oyster population from 3 representative stations along the estuary area of Krueng Cut. The method used in this study is random sampling using a quadratic transect. The results show that the highest density is indicated by station 3 with 55.67 ind/m2 and the lowest density is indicated by station 1 is 40.33 ind/m2. These results indicate that the activities of residents, the entry of contaminants from antropogenic affect the density of oysters. The distribution of oysters from the three stations showed similarities, namely they tended to grouping. The aquatic environment at the three research stations still supports the growth of oysters. This study confirms that there has been a decline in the population, which is characterized by a decrease in the number of catches and a smaller size of oysters.

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Hosts of Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844 and Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2541.1.2 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2541 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

ALBERTO A. GUGLIELMONE ◽

SANTIAGO NAVA

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Tick Species ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Trachemys Scripta ◽

The Other ◽

Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Boa Constrictor ◽

Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽

Natural Hosts

Host records of Amblyomma dissimile Koch, 1844 and Amblyomma rotundatum Koch, 1844 from the literature were critically reviewed. A total of 417 records on 101 species of tetrapods, and 193 records in 74 species of tetrapods were determined for A. dissimile and A. rotundatum, respectively. Aves have been found only once infested with A. dissimile. This tick has been detected on four species of Bufonidae, while A. rotundatum has been recorded on 13 species from six families of Anura. Crocodilia has been recorded infested by A. rotundatum (captive host, one species) and A. dissimile (two species). Sixteen species of Mammalia from ten families and eight species from eight families have been found infested with A. dissimile and A. rotundatum, including humans, respectively. A total of 63 species of Squamata (10 families) were found infested with A. dissimile, while the corresponding numbers for A. rotundatum are 45 species in nine families. A total of 15 species of Testudines (four families) and nine species (three families) have been found infested with A. dissimile and A. rotundatum, respectively. When infestation on captive and laboratory hosts were excluded from the analysis the number of species naturally infested with A. dissimile diminished to 88 and 58 for A. rotundatum. However, natural hosts infested with larvae, nymphs and adults of A. dissimile are Bufo marinus (Linnaeus), Bufo peltocephalus Tschudi, Proechimys semispinosus (Tomes), Boa constrictor Linnaeus, Epicrates striatus (Fischer), Oxybelis aeneus (Wagler), Cyclura cychlura (Cuvier), Iguana iguana (Linnaeus), Tupinambis teguixin (Linnaeus) and Trachemys scripta (Thunberg), but the commonest hosts harbouring all parasitic stages are B. marinus, B. constrictor and I. iguana. Hosts for all parasitic stages of A. rotundatum are B. marinus, Bufo schneideri Werner and B. constrictor, although records on B. marinus are considerably higher than the records on the other two hosts. The contribution of sheep and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus) as hosts of A. dissimile, and Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus as host of A. rotundatum, were overestimated in previous studies. The ample host-range of these tick species may partly explain their wide distribution from southern U.S.A. to northern Argentina, but there are also chances that more than one species are represented under the names A. dissimile and A. rotundatum.

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Edta, Water-Extractable Arsenic and Bioavailability of Arsenic in Soil/Tailings: the Effects of Zeolite and Beringite Amendments

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v6i1.12699 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 203

Author(s):

Benjamin Appiah Osei ◽

Mohammed Rufai Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Agricultural Soil ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Pot Experiment ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Water Extractable ◽

Maximum Limit

The effects of zeolite and beringite ( 0, 30 and 60 kg ha-1 w/w) on EDTA-extractable Arsenic (As), water soluble As, and bioavailability of arsenic (As) in non-mined agricultural soil and tailings of a mined site(capped and uncapped) were studied in a pot experiment. Un-amended non-mined agricultural soil was included as a control. EDTA-extractable and water extractable forms of As were monitored for 0-12-weeks after amendments and bioavailability of As was evaluated by growing lettuce (Lactuca sativa) on amended tailings/soil for 4-12 weeks after incubation. For EDTA-extractable As at week 12, beringite amendment (60 kg ha-1 (w/w) was 29 %, 8.6 % and 26 % more efficient over zeolite for soil/capped and uncapped tailings respectively. For water-extractable As at week 12, beringite amendment 60 kg ha-1 (w/w) again recorded 84 %, 54.5 % and 72 % less extractable As over zeolite in soil/capped and uncapped tailings respectively. Analysis for bioavailable-As in edible leafy aerial parts of lettuce, indicated 52.5 %, 82.0 % and 39.0 % less extractable As for beringte over zeolite in capped and uncapped tailings (week 12, 60 kg ha-1 (w/w)... Beringite (week 12, 60 kg ha-1 w/w) reduced As of capped tailing (0.3 mg kg-1) below the FAO & WHO recommended maximum limit of 1.0 mg kg-1 for human consumption.

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Benthic community structure of the Bosphorus and surrounding area

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0140 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 37-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

A. Uysal ◽

A. Yüksek ◽

E. Okuş ◽

N. Yilmaz

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Dominant Species ◽

Lower Layer ◽

Current System ◽

Temporal Distribution ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

The Other ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Sea Of Marmara ◽

Other Hand

Spatial and temporal distribution of benthic communities around the Strait of Istanbul (Bosphorus) and the effect of lower layer discharge on these communities have been evaluated during studies between FebruaryÐDecember 1999. Mytilus galloprovincialis was the dominant species with fasies at the Black Sea station that is not affected by the strait lower layer current system. On the other hand, another Black Sea station, influenced by the strait lower layer currents, has a similar biota to the strait stations. Species richness and diversity is highest in the strait than other areas. The dominant species is Maera grossimana. However, the station located at the Black Sea exit of the strait has a different biota, and various groups/species appeared to be dominant. Melinna palmata is the dominant species at the Sea of Marmara during the study period. Low dissolved oxygen values of lower layer and soft substratum of sediment resulted in wide distribution of Melinna palmata, adapted to these conditions. The closer stations to the strait in the Sea of Marmara have higher diversity as a result of hydrodynamic processes. On the other hand, coastal stations with low currents and inputs have lower index values, showing the negative effect of discharges and pollution.

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‘Whose context collapse?’: Ethical clashes in the study of language and social media in context

Applied Linguistics Review ◽

10.1515/applirev-2016-1034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2-3) ◽

pp. 169-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alexandra Georgakopoulou

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

New Media ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

The Other ◽

Contextual Analysis ◽

News Stories ◽

The Social ◽

Communication Practices ◽

Media Research ◽

The One

AbstractThe longstanding tradition of the examination of language and discourse in context has not only spurred the turn to issues of context in language and new media research but it has also led to numerous methodological and analytical deliberations, for instance regarding the roles and nature of digital ethnography and the need for an adaptive, ‘mobile’ sociolinguistics. Such discussions center around social media affordances and constraints of wide distribution, multi-authorship and elusiveness of audiences which are often described with the term ‘context collapse’ (Marwick and boyd 2011; Wesch 2008). In this article, I argue that, however helpful the insights of such studies may have been for linking social media affordances and constraints with users’ communication practices, the ethical questions of where context collapse leaves the language-in-context analysts have far from been addressed. I single out certain key challenges, which I view as ethical clashes, that I experienced in connection with context collapse in my data of the social media circulation of news stories from crisis-stricken Greece. I argue that these ethical clashes are linked with context collapse processes and outcomes on the one hand and sociolinguistic contextual analysis priorities on the other hand. I put forward certain proposals for resolving these clashes arguing for a discipline-based virtue ethics that requires researcher reflexivity and phronesis.

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A constructional account of the ‘optional’ quotative marking on Japanese mimetics

Journal of Linguistics ◽

10.1017/s0022226715000171 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 245-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

KIMI AKITA ◽

TAKESHI USUKI

Keyword(s):

Wide Distribution ◽

The Other ◽

Complex Predicates ◽

Fundamental Function ◽

Minimal Loss ◽

Other Hand ◽

The One

This paper proposes a constructional account of the longstanding issue of the optional quotativeto-marking on manner-adverbial mimetics (or ideophones) in Japanese. We argue that this optionality comes from the availability of two morphological constructions – the bare-mimetic predicate construction and the quotative-adverbial construction – to a set of mimetics. On the one hand, the bare-mimetic predicate construction incorporates previously identified phonological, syntactic, and semantic conditions of the bare realization of mimetics. This construction is instantiated by bare mimetics (e.g.pyókopyoko‘jumping around quickly’) in combination with their typical host predicates (e.g.hane-‘jump’), and they behave as loose complex predicates with more or less abstract meanings. As with ‘say’- and ‘do’-verbs, these complex predicates involve quasi-incorporation, which is a constructional strategy for the morphosyntactic integration of mimetics into sentence structures. On the other hand, the quotative-adverbial construction introduces mimetics to sentences with a minimal loss of their imitative semiotics. This fundamental function is consistent with the wide distribution of quotative-marked mimetics.

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The Genus Chrysopophthorus Goidanich (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent961005-7 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 96 (7) ◽

pp. 1005-1017 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

W. R. M. Mason

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New Species ◽

Central America ◽

The United States ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

The Other ◽

New Combination ◽

European Species ◽

New Synonym

AbstractChrysopophthorus has a very wide distribution, occurring in four continents. C. chrysopimaginis Goidanich is placed as a new synonym of C. hungaricus (Z.-Kiss), which is transferred here from Helorimorpha (new combination). The other European species, C. elegans Tobias, is distinguished. Five new species are described; C. americanus from the United States, C. tropicalis, C. caribbeanus and C. brasileanus from South and Central America, and C. orientalis from Malaya.

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