scholarly journals Expression of Placental Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in Physiological Pregnancy, preeclampsia and chorioamnionitis

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CPath.S2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Casciaro ◽  
Felice Arcuri ◽  
Rossella Occhini ◽  
M. Stefania Toti ◽  
Claudio De Felice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Neurotrophin 3 ◽  
Amniotic Membranes ◽  
First Time

Neurotrophic factors are a group of proteins that act as paracrine and autocrine growth factors. They are involved in the regulation of morphogenesis and development of several tissues. The present study aims to evaluate, for the first time, the expression of Neurotrophin-3 in the human placenta during normal pregnancy and in preeclampsia and chorioamnionitis. Neurotrophin-3 mRNA, assessed by RT-PCR analysis in six term placentas, were observed in all the specimens examined. Neurotrophin-3 protein expression and tissue distribution was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in placenta samples from uncomplicated first trimester (n = 5) and term (n = 5) pregnancies as well as in specimens from preeclampsia (n = 5) and chorioamnionitis (n = 5). In first trimester specimens, strong immunoreactivity was present in villous stromal cells, in the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast, in decidua cells and in endometrial glands. Third trimester specimens showed prominent immunostaining in cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast cells, in decidua cells and in the amniotic membranes. Villous stromal cells were weakly stained. Similar protein localization was observed in placentas with preeclampsia and chorioamnionitis. In the latter, however, positive villous stromal cells increased in number and in staining intensity when compared with controls and preeclampsia (p < 0.001). The roles of Neurotrophin-3 in pregnancy are presently unknown. A regulatory function on placenta and foetal brain development and maternal inflammatory response may be hypothesized.

scholarly journals Up-regulation of Per1 expression by estradiol and progesterone in the rat uterus

2007 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Jian He ◽  
Masami Hirata ◽  
Nobuhiko Yamauchi ◽  
Masa-aki Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
Direct Regulation

It has been established that estrogen can alter circadian rhythms in behavior and endocrine physiology in rodents. The uterus is a reproductive organ that is critically dependent on regulation by ovarian steroids. Here, we examined the expression of Per1 in different compartments of the uterus, and explored whether the ovarian steroids could regulate Per1 expression employing ovariectomized rat uterus. RT-PCR analysis showed that Per1 was cyclically expressed in the uterus. As revealed by in situ hybridization, the staining intensity of Per1 mRNA was stronger at ZT 8 than at ZT 0 in the uterine luminal epithelium (LE), stroma (S), and myometrium (M) compartments, but was not changed in the glandular epithelium (GE). Both in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that estradiol (E2) administration induced high expression of Per1 in the LE, GE, and M, and less expression in the S compartment. Progesterone (P4) treatment resulted in an obvious enhancement of Per1 expression in the LE, GE, and S, but unchanged in the M compartment. Furthermore, the E2- and P4-activated Per1 expression was significantly repressed by their respective antagonists, ICI182 780 and RU486. These findings were further supported by RT-PCR analysis of Per1 expression in cultured uterine stromal cells. Collectively, the present data indicate that E2 and P4 might be involved in modification of circadian rhythm via direct regulation of the expression of clock genes.

Ontogeny of Beta 2 Glycoprotein I and Annexin V in Villous Placenta of Normal and Antiphospholipid Syndrome Pregnancies

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (07) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Kingdom ◽  
Ian Mackie ◽  
Stephen Burrell ◽  
Siobhán Quenby ◽  
Eric Jauniaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiphospholipid Syndrome ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Glycoprotein I ◽  
Normal Term ◽  
Hofbauer Cells ◽  
Fetal Vessels

Summaryβ2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI) and annexin V (AV) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We investigated their placental expression in normal villous tissues throughout gestation; first trimester n = 10, early second trimester; n = 4, preterm; n = 5) and term; n = 7 and in APS (2 first trimester, 1 preterm and 8 term deliveries). β2GPI and AV were both expressed by the placenta from as early as seven weeks gestation and were colocalised to the syncytiotrophoblast. β2GPI staining was also observed in stromal cells, being present in phagocytic Hofbauer cells and surrounding newly formed fetal vessels in a perivascular pattern, from seven to seventeen weeks gestation. An abnormal morphological distribution of AV was noted in one first trimester APS placenta, and for β2GPI in a further first trimester placenta. When placental proteins were extracted from villous tissue, the concentration of AV/mg protein in term APS placentas (median, interquartile range) (aPS; 8.16, 7.87-9.72 µg/mg) was significantly higher (p <0.005) than normal term levels (normal; 2.47, 2.28-2.54 µg/mg). β2GPI increased with advancing gestation (first trimester; 0.93, 0.64-1.26 µg/mg, term; 3.67, 2.58-4.48 µg/mg) in normal pregnancy. Term APS placentas had a reduced β2GPI content (2.31, 1.87-2.49 µg/mg), p <0.05. The placental role of these proteins remains to be identified.

The effect of decidual stromal cells on immune cells in the first trimester of pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura James-Allan ◽  
Judith Cartwright ◽  
Guy Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Breast cancer associated with pregnancy: a clinical case

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Yu E Dobrokhotova ◽  
S E Arakelov ◽  
S Zh Danelyan ◽  
E I Borovkova ◽  
A E Zykov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
First Year ◽  
Total Mastectomy ◽  
First Time

Associated with pregnancy is breast cancer, which was first detected during pregnancy, during the first year after childbirth or at any time against lactation. Diagnosis of the disease in the first trimester is an indication for abortion. The detection of the disease after 20 weeks and the desire of the woman to maintain pregnancy is the basis for conducting a total mastectomy followed by polychemotherapy with doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide or with fluorouracil. Radiation therapy during pregnancy is not applied. The timing and method of delivery are determined individually and depend on the stage of the process and the period of pregnancy, when it was identified. A clinical case of a patient with edematous-infiltrative form of breast cancer of the IV stage, diagnosed for the first time in 22 weeks of pregnancy, is presented.

Recurrent miscarriage is associated with increased numbers of CD5/20 positive lymphocytes and an increased incidence of thyroid antibodies

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Roberts ◽  
Carol Jenkins ◽  
Rhoda Wilson ◽  
Charles Pearson ◽  
Ian A Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies

Roberts J. Jenkins C, Wilson R, Pearson C, Franklin IA, MacLean MA, McKillop JH, Walker JJ. Recurrent miscarriage is associated with increased numbers of CD5/20 positive lymphocytes and an increased incidence of thyroid antibodies. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:84–6. ISSN 0804–4643 The aim of this study was to determine whether recurrent miscarriage (three or more miscarriages, no live children) was associated with an increased incidence of autoantibodies. Five groups were enrolled into the study; healthy non-pregnant women, healthy first-trimester pregnant women, women suffering spontaneous abortion, those undergoing termination of pregnancy and those with a previous history of miscarriage. The number of total B cells and the numbers of the antibody producing B cell subset CD5+/CD20+ were determined for each group. Samples were tested for anticardiolipin antibodies, antinuclear antibodies and thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies. The results showed that compared to normal pregnancy or spontaneous abortion, recurrent miscarriage was associated with a significant increase in the number of CD5+/20+ positive cells (0.8 ± 0.3 vs 0.5 ± 0.1 vs 1.1 ± 0.3 × 108/l: p < 0.001). These women were also found to have a higher incidence of thyroid antibodies, with four out of the 11 patients being positive for thyroid microsomal antibodies. These results suggest that there may be an association between autoimmunity and recurrent miscarriage. R Wilson, Department of Medicine, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK

Renal disease in pregnancy

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Kincaid-Smith ◽  
Kenneth Fairley
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Pregnancy

There is an intimate relationship between the kidney and pregnancy. Renal plasma flow increases by 50–70% during a normal pregnancy and the glomerular filtration rate by about 50%.1These changes commence in the first trimester and fall in the last trimester reaching normal levels within about four weeks postpartum. These physiological changes are accompanied by striking anatomical changes which consist of dilatation of the ureter, pelvis and calyces, together with an increase in renal parenchymal size. The dilatation i s more marked on the right and may appear in the first trimester. At term, 90% of pregnant women show this change.2

scholarly journals A STUDY TO ASSESS PREDICTIVE ROLE OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN EARLY PREGNANCY AMONG WOMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeti Mahla ◽  
Mukesh Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
P Value ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
The Difference

Background: To Assess Predictive Role of C-Reactive Protein In Early Pregnancy among Women Methods: Hospital based comparative analysis was conducted on Women with early pregnancy upto 14 weeks with either abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding or suspected extrauterine pregnancy. C-reactive protein (CRP) quantitative estimation is done by turbi-diametric method. Collected samples were sent to a designated lab of our hospital. Results: The mean c-reactive protein level in cases 2.31 with min-max value ranging from 0.80-3.91mg/dl while in controls mean c-reactive protein value came to be 9.12 with min-max range from 3.21-24.16 mg/dl. The difference between the two groups is significant as p value is less than 0.001. Conclusion: Our results of significantly increased CRP levels in normal pregnancy and a clear association between CRP and normal pregnancy, support the clinical application of this diagnostic tool in early pregnancy, especially as a predictor of abnormal first trimester pregnancies. Keywords: CRP, Pregnancy, Women

scholarly journals Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the First Trimester—Comparison of Missed Miscarriage and Normal Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8538
Author(s):  
Maciej Kwiatek ◽  
Tomasz Gęca ◽  
Anna Kwaśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Tgf Β1

The advantage in response of Th2 over Th1 is observed in normal pregnancy in peripheral blood. A disturbance of this balance can lead to symptoms of miscarriage and pregnancy loss. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in sera of women who were diagnosed with missed miscarriage in the first trimester and to compare this systemic immune response to the response in women with normal pregnancy. The study group consisted of 61 patients diagnosed with missed miscarriage. In total, 19 healthy women with uncomplicated first trimester created the control group. Cytokines were determined in the maternal serum by ELISA. The analysis included INF-γ, TNF-α, Il-1β, Il-4, Il-5, Il-6, Il-9, Il-10, Il-13 and TGF-β1. Th1 cytokine levels in the study group reached slightly higher values for INF-γ, Il-1β and slightly lower for IL-6 and TNF-α. In turn, Th2 cytokine levels in the study group were slightly higher (Il-9, Il-13), significantly higher (Il4, p = 0.015; Il-5, p = 0.0003) or showed no differences with the control group (Il-10). Slightly lower concentration involved only TGF-β1. Analysis of the correlation between levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines resulted in some discrepancies, without showing predominance of a specific immune response. The results did not confirm that women with missed miscarriage had an advantage in any type of immune response in comparison to women with normal pregnancy.

scholarly journals Identification and Functional Characterization of the CVOMT and EOMT Genes Promoters from Ocimum Basilicum L

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Khakdan ◽  
Zahra Shirazi ◽  
Mojtaba Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Abstract Methyl chavicol and methyl eugenol are important phenylpropanoid compounds previously purified from basil. These compounds are significantly enhanced by the water deficit stress-dependent mechanism. Here, for the first time, pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters were extracted by the genome walking method. They were then cloned into the upstream of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene to identify the pattern of GUS water deficit stress-specific expression. Histochemical GUS assays showed in transgenic tobacco lines bearing the GUS gene driven by pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters, GUS was strongly expressed under water deficit stress. qRT-PCR analysis of pObCVOMT and pObEOMT transgenic plants confirmed the histochemical assays, indicating that the GUS expression is also significantly induced and up-regulated by increasing density of water deficit stress. This indicates these promoters are able to drive inducible expression. The cis-acting elements analysis showed that the pObCVOMT and pObEOMT promoters contained dehydration or water deficit-related transcriptional control elements.

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