Effect of water restriction and environmental temperatures on metabolic rate and physiological parameters in sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Li ◽  
R. J. Christopherson ◽  
S. J. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Plasma Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Hb Concentration ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The hypothesis that water restriction reduces metabolic rate and contributes to energy conservation of sheep, and induces changes in blood parameters was tested. Four of eight adult sheep were housed in either a warm (24.8 ± 1.5 °C) or cold (0.4 ± 1.2 °C) environment and fed a diet of alfalfa pellets at 1.2 × maintenance. Each sheep was fasted with or without water according to a crossover design. Average heat production (HP) and rectal temperature (Tr) were higher (P < 0.05) in the cold than in the warm. Fasting decreased HP and Tr (P < 0.05). Water restriction had no additional effect on HP and Tr. Fasting and fasting plus water restriction influenced plasma osmolality and creatinine concentration. Plasma creatinine concentration was lower (P < 0.01) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration higher in the cold than in the warm environment. Hb concentration was increased with water restriction (P < 0.01) in the warm environment. Plasma cortisol concentration was altered by fasting. Packed cell volume (PCV) in blood, plasma volume and plasma aldosterone were not affected by treatments. The results suggest that water restriction, per se, for 3 d does not suppress metabolic rate in sheep below that resulting from fasting alone. Key words: Heat production, sheep, temperature, water restriction

Interaction of central and peripheral factors in physiological temperature regulation

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Fusco ◽  
J. D. Hardy ◽  
H. T. Hammel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Physiological Temperature ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Cool Environment ◽  
Localized Heating ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

To evaluate the relative importance of central and peripheral factors in physiological temperature regulation, calorimetric measurements of thermal and metabolic responses in the unanesthetized dog to localized heating of the supraoptic and preoptic regions were made at various environmental temperatures. At all temperatures, heating the hypothalamus caused an imbalance in the over-all heat exchange, and lowered core temperature by 0.8°–1.0°C. In a neutral environment, this was effected by a 30–40% depression of the resting rate of heat production. In a cool environment, heating inhibited shivering so that heat production, relative to heat loss, was low. In a warm environment, vigorous panting and vasodilatation were elicited, thereby increasing heat loss. On cessation of heating, shivering occurred in response to the lowered core temperature, but differed in intensity depending upon the peripheral thermal drive. Reapplication of heating suppressed shivering in all cases. From these data some quantitative estimates were made of the sensitivity of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory ‘centers’, and of the interaction and relative contributions of central and peripheral control.

scholarly journals PSVII-16 Dietary creatine and sulfur amino acids for finishing gilts

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 362-362
Author(s):  
Natália Y Sitanaka ◽  
Lucas Antonio C Esteves ◽  
Alice Murakami ◽  
Eliane Gasparino ◽  
Angélica Khatlab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Plasma Creatinine ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Creatine Transporter ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Plasma Creatinine Concentration

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary creatine and SID methionine+cysteine (Met+Cys) levels on the performance, blood parameters and gene expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) in finishing gilts. Forty gilts, averaging 75.26 ± 0.87 kg of initial weight, were distributed in a randomized blocks design in a 2x2 factorial scheme, consisting of two creatine monohydrate (CMH) supplementation levels (0.00 and 0.10%) and two levels of SID Met+Cys (0.40 and 0.44%, considering 0.44% as the requirement), with 10 replicates. DL methionine was used to ensure the dietary SID Met+Cys levels. Upon reaching a mean weight of 100± 5.85, blood was collected for the determination of urea, creatinine, lactate, glucose and homocysteine plasma concentrations. Afterwards, the gilts were slaughtered for the collection of Longissimus dorsi muscle samples, for further determination of the gene expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8). No interactions (P &gt; 0.05) we observed between the CMH and SID Met+Cys on the performance and gene expression of the SLC6A8 transporter, and also were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by the dietary levels of CMH or SID Met+Cys, individually. However, there was an interaction (P = 0.03) between SID Met+Cys and CMH levels on the plasma creatinine concentration, showing a lower (P = 0.018) concentration (6.40 mg/dL) supplementing 0.10% CMH than not supplementing (8.96 mg/dL), only at 0.44% of SID Met+Cys. There were no interactions (P &gt; 0.05) between SID Met+Cys and CMH on the other blood parameters, and also no individual effects were observed for the studied factors. It is concluded that supplementing 0.10% CMH reduced plasma creatinine concentration only at conventionally dietary SID Met+Cys level (0.44%), not affecting other blood parameters, growth performance and the gene expression of the creatine transporter SLC6A8 of finishing gilts.

Brain temperatures in the rat during exposure to low environmental temperatures

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lomax ◽  
E. Malveaux ◽  
R. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Thalamic Region

Exposure to cold is known to elicit a rise in metabolic rate in various tissues of homeothermic animals. The role of the hypothalamus in this response was investigated by exposing normal and cold-acclimated rats to environmental temperatures of 26 C, 6 C, and –8 C and comparing the temperature changes in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and rectum using chronically implanted thermocouples. At all environmental temperatures the cold-acclimated rats had lower hypothalamic temperatures than did the normal animals. Apart from this, pattern of response was similar in all animals; the hypothalamic temperature tends to increase on exposure of the animal to cold while the adjacent thalamic region shows a marked fall in temperature, the rectal temperature staying fairly constant. This difference in response suggests increased metabolic heat production in the hypothalamus on exposure of the rat to low temperatures.

Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Habib Yarizadeh ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Caroline Roberts ◽  
Mir Saeed Yekaninejad ◽  
Khadijeh Mirzaei
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Nutrient Patterns

Abstract. Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = −0.00, 95% CI = −49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI −41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the “USFA-vit E” pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.

Urinary Beta-Thromboglobulin Correlates with Impairment of Renal Function in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
A H Hopper ◽  
H Tindall ◽  
J A Davies
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Β2 Microglobulin ◽  
Plasma Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Indium 111

SummaryTBeta-thromboglobulin (βTG) is a platelet-specific protein and since its concentration in plasma rises when platelets are activated, it has been used as an indicator of platelet involvement in vascular disease. Since platelets might be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular disease we measured urinary βTG in 20 insulin-dependent diabetics with nephropathy and compared the results with those from 20 normal subjects. Measurement of βTG in urine was undertaken to avoid errors induced by blood sampling and to gain information over a prolonged period using a single assay. Measurements were made of βTG, β2-microglobulin and total protein in urine collected for 24 h and creatinine and β2 microglobulin in plasma. Survival of indium-111-labelled platelets was measured in nine patients. Urinary PTG was significantly (p <0.02) increased in the 20 patients compared with 20 normal volunteers (median value 1.3 vs 0.8 μg/24 h). There was a strong correlation between urinary βTG excretion and plasma creatinine concentration (r = 0.8, p <0.0001) and plasma β2-microglobulin concentration (r = 0.9, p <0.0001). Urinary βTG concentration did not correlate with platelet survival. The results indicate that although urinary βTG is significantly increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy its concentration in urine correlates with indicators of glomerular filtration rather than with a test of platelet activation.

Evaluation of Renal Function During Childhood

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Bassam A. Atiyeh ◽  
Shermine S. Dabbagh ◽  
Alan B. Gruskin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Urea Clearance ◽  
Schwartz Formula ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Plasma Creatinine Concentration

There are several methods to evaluate renal function during childhood. The use of serum creatinine, either alone or in combination with the Schwartz formula, is reliable and quick, but requires knowledge of conceptual age. A plasma creatinine concentration of 88.4 µmol/L (1.0 mg/dL), for example, represents normal renal function in an adolescent but more than 50% loss of renal function in a 5-year-old child. A timed urine collection for creatinine clearance is another evaluative method, but the adequacy of the urine collection always should be determined first. Urea clearance rarely is used to measure GFR because of the complex factors that influence urea excreation. Measurement of the disappearance of radioactive-labeled substances in plasma can be used to determine GFR. Radionuclide renal scans also can be used and offer the advantage of estimating the GFR of each kidney. Although infants and newborns have an intact urine diluting ability, their concentrating ability is impaired. The maximal urinary concentration in the neonatal period is less than 700 mOsm/kg, but reaches adult values of 1200 mOsm/kg by 6 to 12 months of life. Similarly, the infant kidney has a limited capacity for salt regulation, predisposing the infant to salt disturbances.

scholarly journals Effects of lighting regimen on metabolic rate in broilers.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J.W. Heetkamp ◽  
A.M. Henken ◽  
W. van der Hel ◽  
C.W. Scheele
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Respiratory Quotient ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Lighting Regimen

From hatching to 42 days old, 80 broilers were exposed to varying periods of light (L) and dark (D) within 4-h periods (0.5L to 1.5L and 3.5D to 2.5D). Effects of lighting regimen (LR) and trough position (open (F2) compared with closed (F1)) during D-periods on heat production (H), activity-free (Hacf) and activity-related H (Hac), and respiratory quotient (RQ) were evaluated. At 0.5L and 0.67L, Hac was less than in the longer L-periods. The longer the L-period, the less active broilers were at the end of a L-period. In D-periods with F1, H and Hacf decreased more than with F2, while Hac was similar. After D-periods with F1, H and Hacf increased more than after D-periods with F2. This effect on H was greatest in short L-periods with F1. With 0.5L:3.5D and F1, broilers did not have enough feeding time, because at the end of the L-period afterwards, H and RQ were lower than with the longer L-periods. Thus, broilers will eat feed in the dark and the length of L-period may not be crucial, because in practice, feed will remain available in the dark. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Thermic effect of glucose and amino acids in man studied by direct and indirect calorimetry

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ph. Pittet ◽  
P. H. Gygax ◽  
E. Jéquier
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Thermic Effect

1. In order to reinvestigate the classical concept of specific dynamic action of food, the thermic effect of ingested glucose (50 g) or essential amino acids (50 g) or both was measured in seven healthy male subjects dressed in shorts, by using both direct and indirect calorimetry simultaneously. Experiments were performed under conditions of thermal comfort at 28°.2. Energy ‘balance’ (heat production minus heat losses) was negative during the control period (mean heat deficit: −16.0 ± 0.8 kJ/m2 per h.3. Metabolic rate increased 13.6 ± 1.8% after the glucose load, 17.2 ± 1.4% after amino acids, and 17.3 ± 2.9% after both glucose and amino acids: thus there was no additive thermic effect when both nutrients were given together.4. In contrast to the metabolic rate, heat losses were not significantly altered after nutrient ingestion; consequently, the energy ‘balance’ became rapidly positive.5. These results show that: (a) the food-induced thermogenesis, for a moderate energy intake, is less dependent on the nature of the nutrients than was classically admitted; (b) this increased heat production mainly induces changes in heat storage rather than in heat losses during the first hours following ingestion of a meal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document