Effects of processing and fat content of coarse canola screenings on voluntary intake and total tract nutrient digestibility of beef steers

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pylot ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
V. J. Racz ◽  
D. A. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Voluntary Intake

The effects of feeding canola screenings on voluntary intake (VI) and nutrient digestibility by growing steers were determined in two experiments. Twelve steers were involved in the first experiment to study the effects of processing (grinding and pelleting) of canola screenings on VI and apparent total tract dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein digestibility (CPD), fatty acid digestibility (FAD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD). In the second experiment, the effects of fat level from canola screenings on VI and total tract nutrient digestibilities were determined using 12 steers. The fat levels tested were 67, 100, 128, and 162 g kg−1 ether extract (EE). Feeding processed canola screenings (176 g kg−1 EE) reduced (P < 0.05) VI by 31% and improved (P < 0.05) DMD, CPD, and FAD by 18, 19, and 28%, respectively. Processing of canola screenings reduced (P < 0.05) ADFD by 15% with no effect on NDFD. Increasing dietary fat level from 67 to 162 g kg−1 reduced VI in a quadratic manner (P < 0.05) and improved NDFD in a linear (P < 0.05) fashion. However, DMD, CPD, and ADFD were not affected by fat level in the diet. Total tract digestibility of fatty acids decreased linearly (P < 0.05) from 822 to 640 g kg−1 with increasing dietary fat level. The results of the study indicate that dietary fat from canola screenings at levels up to 100 g kg−1 can be fed to growing steers without detrimental effects on feed intake. Key words: Canola screenings, fat, intake, nutrient utilization, steers.

scholarly journals Intake and nutrient digestibility of tropical grasses and legume hay supplemented with tilapia fish silage

1969 ◽  
Vol 92 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Héctor L. Díaz-Ríos ◽  
Abner A. Rodríguez-Carias
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Arachis Glabrata ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation with tilapia fish silage (FS) prepared in laboratory scale silos with addition of cane molasses, on intake and digestibility of tropical grass hay (GH) (Digitaria eriantha, 80%, and Urochloa maximum, 20%), and rhizome perennial peanut hay (RPPH) (Arachis glabrata). In Experiment I, GH was the basal diet and treatments were Control or T1 = GH, and GH supplemented daily with FS at 0.45% (T2) and 0.90% (T3) of the animal body weight (BW). In Experiment II, the basal diet was RPPH and treatments were Control or T1 = RPPH;T2 = RPPH supplemented daily with FS at 0.225% BW; and T3 = RPPH with 0.45% BW. In both experiments nine adult intact rams were used. The animals were fed for eight days of adaptation and six days of data collection in each period. Both experiments used a 3 X 3 Latin Square design. In experiment I dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility of GH increased (P less than 0.05) with FS supplementation, which also increased crude protein (CP) intake. CP digestibility increased (P < 0.05) at each level of supplementation compared to that of the control, but T2 and T3 did not differ significantly. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was higher (P < 0.05) in T1 than in T3 but similar in T1 and T2. Fiber digestibility was not affected (P greater than 0.05) by the treatments. It was concluded that supplementation of a GH basal diet with FS at 0.90% of BW is the best alternative. In Experiment II, DM digestibility of T3 differed (P less than 0.05) from that in T1 but in T2 did not differ from DM digestibility either in T1 or T3. Intake of DM, CP and fiber were similar in all treatments (P greater than 0.05). Crude protein digestibility was similar at both levels of supplementation and superior (P < 0.05) to that of the control, but fiber digestibility was not affected (P > 0.05). It is concluded that daily supplementation with FS for sheep fed a basal diet of RPPH should be limited to 0.225% of BW. Upon comparing both experiments, voluntary intake of DM, NDF and CP from RPPH was higher than from GH.The legume also showed a higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of DM and CP.

The feeding value of grain screenings for ruminants: Chemical composition and nutrient utilization

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Marx ◽  
J. J. McKinnon ◽  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
D. A. Christensen ◽  
V. J. Racz
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Different Levels

The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical and nutrient utilization characteristics of grain screening pellets (GSP) for ruminants. One ruminally fistulated cow was used to determine ruminal nutrient degradability characteristics of GSP relative to barley grain. Twenty-one growing lambs were used to determine voluntary intake and total tract nutrient digestibility coefficients for GSP relative to regular and thin barley. Seven diets were formulated with different levels of GSP, and thin or regular barley at ratios of 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75. On a dry matter (DM) basis, GSP contained 337 ± 17.4 g kg−1 neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 209 ± 21.1 g kg−1 acid detergent fiber (ADF), 151 ± 11.1 g kg−1 crude protein (CP), and 262 ± 61.5 g kg−1 starch. Ruminal degradability of DM and NDF of GSP was lower (P < 0.05) while that for CP was higher (P < 0.05) than barley grain. Effective ruminal degradability of starch for GSP and barley exceeded 900 g kg−1. Results of the sheep trial showed that as the level of GSP increased, voluntary intake increased (P < 0.05) and total tract digestibility coefficients of DM, NDF, and gross energy (GE) decreased (P < 0.05). The digestibility coefficients of DM, NDF, and GE for GSP were 666 g kg−1, 294 g kg−1, and 698 J kJ−1, respectively. The digestible energy (DE) content of GSP (13.8 MJ kg−1) was similar to that of thin barley and 11% lower (P < 0.5) than that of regular barley. It was concluded that while GSP exhibited reduced ruminal and total tract nutrient utilization relative to regular barley, this feed product is a good source of energy and protein for growing ruminants. Key words: Grain screening pellets, barley, thin barley, nutrient utilization

scholarly journals Application of Selected Inoculant Producing Antifungal and Fibrinolytic Substances on Rye Silage with Different Wilting Time

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Seong-Shin Lee ◽  
Jeong-Seok Choi ◽  
Dimas Hand Vidya Paradhipta ◽  
Young-Ho Joo ◽  
Hyuk-Jun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lactobacillus Brevis ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Commercial Inoculant

This research was conducted to determine the effects of selected inoculant on the silage with different wilting times. The ryes were unwilted or wilted for 12 h. Each rye forage was ensiled for 100 d in quadruplicate with commercial inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum sp.; LPT) or selected inoculant (Lactobacillus brevis 100D8 and Leuconostoc holzapfelii 5H4 at 1:1 ratio; MIX). In vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility were highest in the unwilted MIX silages (p < 0.05), and the concentration of ruminal acetate was increased in MIX silages (p < 0.001; 61.4% vs. 60.3%) by the increase of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. The concentration of ruminal ammonia-N was increased in wilted silages (p < 0.001; 34.8% vs. 21.1%). The yeast count was lower in the MIX silages than in the LPT silages (p < 0.05) due to a higher concentration of acetate in MIX silages (p < 0.05). Aerobic stability was highest in the wilted MIX silages (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the MIX inoculation increased aerobic stability and improved fiber digestibility. As a result of the wilting process, ammonia-N in silage decreased but ruminal ammonia-N increased. Notably, the wilted silage with applied mixed inoculant had the highest aerobic stability.

scholarly journals Processed By-Products from Soy Beverage (Okara) as Sustainable Ingredients for Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus) Juveniles: Effects on Nutrient Utilization and Muscle Quality

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 590
Author(s):  
Glenise B. Voss ◽  
Vera Sousa ◽  
Paulo Rema ◽  
Manuela. E. Pintado ◽  
Luísa M. P. Valente
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Bifidobacterium Animalis

The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of differently processed okara meals were assessed in Nile tilapia diets: dried okara not autoclaved (FOK), dried okara autoclaved (AOK), okara hydrolyzed with Alcalase (ALOK) or Cynara cardunculus proteases (CYOK), and hydrolyzed okara fermented with lactic bacteria: Lactobacillus rhamnosus R11 (CYR11OK) or Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb12 (CYB12OK). Okara processing significantly affected nutrient digestibility: dry matter ADC was highest in CYR11OK (80%) and lowest in FOK (40%). The lowest protein digestibility was observed in CYR11OK (72%), and the highest in AOK (97%) and CYOK (91%), evidencing the effectiveness of the autoclave and the use of C. cardunculus proteases to increase okara protein bioavailability. The inclusion of up to 20% of AOK or CYOK did not affect fish growth, nutrient utilization, or whole body composition of Nile tilapia. The flesh quality (color, pH, water activity, cohesiveness, elasticity and resilience) was not affected by the dietary incorporation of AOK or CYOK. Fish fed with AOK diets stand out for their high density of muscle fibers, particularly in AOK20, which can explain their high muscle firmness and may result in further hypertrophic growth. Altogether, results suggest that hydrolyzed or autoclaved okara are valuable ingredients for Nile tilapia diets.

Effect of salinomycin and enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility and the performance of pigs fed barley- or rye-based diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. W. D. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Two experiments of a factorial design (sex × treatment) were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme and salinomycin supplementation on the nutritive value of barley or rye-based diets for growing pigs fed from approximately 20 to 85 kg. For exp. 1, 72 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase and 650 units g−1 pentosanase), salinomycin (25 ppm) or both additives in combination. For exp. 2, two replicates of 48 pigs were fed either a barley-based diet, an unsupplemented rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with enzyme, salinomycin or both additives. During both experiments, chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diet of four to six pigs/treatment to act as a digestibility indicator starting when the pigs reached 42 kg. Neither enzyme nor salinomycin, alone or in combination, significantly improved the growth rate or feed efficiency of pigs fed barley or rye. Supplementation of barley with the combination of additives significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein digestibility while neither enzyme nor salinomycin had any effect on nutrient digestibility when fed alone. In rye-based diets, salinomycin, both alone and in combination, significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of crude protein and energy. Dry matter digestibility of the rye-based diets was unaffected by treatment. Key words: Swine, rye, barley, beta-glucanase, pentosanase, salinomycin

scholarly journals Voluntary Intake and Apparent Digestibility of Artificially Dried Stargrass Fed to Holstein Bull Calves

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-437
Author(s):  
J. A. Yazman ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilú ◽  
R. E. McDowell ◽  
P. J. Van Soest ◽  
H. Cestero
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of an artificially dried tropical grass, Cynodon nlemfuensis variety nlemfuensis. was evaluated utilizing Holstein bull calves. Two regrowth ages of grass hays, 30 and 45 days, were fed to two groups of four calves each: 16 and 24 weeks old. The grass hays were analyzed for dry matter and crude protein and for fiber fractions according to Goering and Van Soest. There were no significant differences between means for voluntary intake (g/kg body weight (BW)/day) of the chemical constituents for the four calf-hay groups. However, the trend was for higher intake by the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay than by the other three groups. Among the 16- week old calves, there was a higher voluntary intake by those consuming the 45-day hay despite the slightly higher nutritive value of the 30-day hay. When the data were pooled across calf ages, voluntary intake of 30-day hays was greater than for the 45-day ones, although only differences in crude protein intake were significant (P < .05). Pooled across hay ages, voluntary intake by the 24-week old calves was significantly greater (P < .05) than by the 16-week old calves for dry matter and neutral-detergent fiber only, indicating that hay intake was related to reticulo-ruminal capacity. Differences in apparent digestibility were significant (P < .05) only for crude protein with the 24-week old calves fed the 30-day hay, having a greater coefficient of digestibility than the 16- and 24-week old calves fed the 45-day hay. Crude protein digestibility of the 30-day hays (pooled across calf ages) was significantly greater (P < .05) than that of the 45-day hays. Although not significant for all constituents, the values were higher for the 30-day hay than for the 45-day hay (pooled across calf ages) and for the 24- week old calves than for the 16-week old calves (pooled across hay ages).

scholarly journals Effects of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) Condensed Tannins on Intake, Protozoa Population, Ruminal Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility in Jersey Steers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre S. Avila ◽  
Maximiliane A. Zambom ◽  
Andressa Faccenda ◽  
Maria L. Fischer ◽  
Fernando A. Anschau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Acacia Mearnsii ◽  
Black Wattle

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of condensed tannins (CT) from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) on feed intake, ruminal protozoa population, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in Jersey steers. Five ruminally-cannulated steers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design, with five periods of 20 days each (14 days for diet adaptation and six days for sample collection per period). Treatments were composed of dietary inclusion levels of condensed tannins at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of diet dry matter. Intakes of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients were not affected by condensed tannins. The ruminal pH was reduced linearly with tannin levels. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration was not affected by tannins. Tannins reduced the molar proportion of acetate and did not affect the ruminal protozoal population, which might be related to the low doses used. Digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not altered; however, there was a linear reduction in crude protein digestibility. Based on these results, CT extracts from black wattle are not recommended for improving nutrient utilization in steers at the tested levels.

Seasonal production of Andropogen Gayanus: II. Seasonal changes in digestibility and feed intake

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Haggar ◽  
M. B. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SUMMARYTwenty-seven sheep feeding trials were carried out on freshly cut Andropogon gayanus, fed daily during three wet seasons, 1966–8.In each year, dry-matter voluntary intake and digestibility were highest during the first part of the growing season and declined with advancing maturity of the herbage. However, at the time of ear emergence in early October, there were small increases in voluntary intake of dry-matter and crude protein digestibility, although further decreases followed after mid-October.Determinations of in vitro digestibility indicated that elongating stems during early October were at least as digestible as leaves.Seasonal changes in crude protein digestibility were much greater than changes in dry-matter digestibility; seasonal changes in feed intake were intermediate. Voluntary feed intake was related to dry-matter digestibility.Voluntary feed intake and digestible crude protein were both closely related to the crude protein content of the forage. It was concluded that crude protein is a useful criterion for predicting nutritive value.

scholarly journals Effects of Betaine-Biotin-Chromium Supplementation and Concentrate to Roughage Ratio on Nutrient Utilization Efficiency in Thai Native Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Sukanya Poolthajit ◽  
Wuttikorn Srakaew ◽  
Theerachai Haitook ◽  
Chalong Wachirapakorn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with a feed additive containing a combination of betaine, biotin, and chromium (BBC) and concentrate-to-roughage ratio (C:R ratio) on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and energy utilization in Thai native beef cattle. Five Thai feedlot native beef bulls at one year old of age and 87.6 ± 15.7 kg of body weight were assigned in a (2 × 2) + 1 augmented factorial experiment according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design with five periods of 21 days. The two levels of BBC were 3 g/kg DM and 6 g/kg DM, and the two ratios of C:R were 60C:40R and 70C:30R. A C:R ratio of 70C:30R without BBC supplementation was used as a negative control. The cattle were offered feed at 3% BW, which provides sufficient energy and protein to support a weight gain of 500 g/day. The results showed that dry matter intake (DMI) and organic matter intake (OMI) were not different (p > 0.05), but the intake of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was higher (p < 0.05), whereas neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower (p < 0.05) in the 70C:30R ratio diets compared to the 60:40R ratio diets. Energy balance and nitrogen balance were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the C:R ratio or the addition of BBC. Rumen pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments groups. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was higher (p < 0.05) in bulls fed with the 70C:30R ratio diet. The addition of BBC resulted in a lower (p < 0.01) glucose-to-insulin ratio compared to cattle fed with the control diet. Energy and protein utilization efficiency did not differ (p > 0.05) among the experimental treatment groups, which were higher (p > 0.05) than the control group. In conclusion, BBC supplementation showed greater growth performance of cattle compared to the control. BBC supplementation appeared to improve glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity and energy and protein utilization efficiency. Whether BBC supplementation increases glucose production in the liver remains to be determined in future studies.

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