scholarly journals Effects of Betaine-Biotin-Chromium Supplementation and Concentrate to Roughage Ratio on Nutrient Utilization Efficiency in Thai Native Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Sukanya Poolthajit ◽  
Wuttikorn Srakaew ◽  
Theerachai Haitook ◽  
Chalong Wachirapakorn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with a feed additive containing a combination of betaine, biotin, and chromium (BBC) and concentrate-to-roughage ratio (C:R ratio) on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, and energy utilization in Thai native beef cattle. Five Thai feedlot native beef bulls at one year old of age and 87.6 ± 15.7 kg of body weight were assigned in a (2 × 2) + 1 augmented factorial experiment according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design with five periods of 21 days. The two levels of BBC were 3 g/kg DM and 6 g/kg DM, and the two ratios of C:R were 60C:40R and 70C:30R. A C:R ratio of 70C:30R without BBC supplementation was used as a negative control. The cattle were offered feed at 3% BW, which provides sufficient energy and protein to support a weight gain of 500 g/day. The results showed that dry matter intake (DMI) and organic matter intake (OMI) were not different (p > 0.05), but the intake of crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) was higher (p < 0.05), whereas neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were lower (p < 0.05) in the 70C:30R ratio diets compared to the 60:40R ratio diets. Energy balance and nitrogen balance were not influenced (p > 0.05) by the C:R ratio or the addition of BBC. Rumen pH and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments groups. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was higher (p < 0.05) in bulls fed with the 70C:30R ratio diet. The addition of BBC resulted in a lower (p < 0.01) glucose-to-insulin ratio compared to cattle fed with the control diet. Energy and protein utilization efficiency did not differ (p > 0.05) among the experimental treatment groups, which were higher (p > 0.05) than the control group. In conclusion, BBC supplementation showed greater growth performance of cattle compared to the control. BBC supplementation appeared to improve glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity and energy and protein utilization efficiency. Whether BBC supplementation increases glucose production in the liver remains to be determined in future studies.

scholarly journals Cistanche deserticola Addition Improves Growth, Digestibility, and Metabolism of Sheep Fed on Fresh Forage from Alfalfa/Tall Fescue Pasture

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xulei Liu ◽  
Fuyao Liu ◽  
Tianhai Yan ◽  
Shenghua Chang ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study is targeted at evaluating whether C. deserticola addition promotes digestion, nitrogen and energy use, and methane production of sheep fed on fresh forage from alfalfa/tall fescue pastures. The sheep feeding trial was conducted with four addition levels with C. deserticola powder, and a basal diet of fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Addition levels of 4% and 6% improved average body weight gain (BWG) by 215.71 and 142.86 g/d, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 0.20 and 0.14, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and ether extract (EE) was 62.25%, 65.18%, 58.75%, and 47.25% under the addition level of 2%, which is greater than that in the control group. C. deserticola addition improved energy utilization efficiency, while addition levels of 2% and 4% increased nitrogen intake and deposited nitrogen. Overall, C. deserticola has the potential to improve growth performance, digestion of sheep, so it has suitability to be used as a feed additive.

scholarly journals Effects of concentrate input on nutrient utilization and methane emissions of two breeds of ewe lambs fed fresh ryegrass

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunmei Wang ◽  
Yiguang Zhao ◽  
Aurélie Aubry ◽  
Gareth Arnott ◽  
Fujiang Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Utilization

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate if high-quality grass could sustain a similar feeding efficiency to concentrate meals for two breeds of lowland ewe lambs. Sixteen lowland ewe lambs of approximately 13 mo age and 61.5 ± 5.28 kg live weight were used in a 2 × 2 factorial study, with 2 diets (fresh perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne] vs. fresh perennial ryegrass plus 0.5 kg/d fresh concentrate) × 2 breeds (Highlander vs. Texel). Grass was cut daily in the morning from a single zero-grazing sward and offered ad libitum. The animals were individually housed in pens and fed experimental diets for an adaptation phase of 19 d, and then transferred to respiration calorimeter chambers, remaining there for 5 d, with feed intake, feces and urine outputs, and methane (CH4) emissions measured during the final 4 d. There were no significant interaction effects between diets and breeds on any variables. Ewe lambs offered 0.5 kg/d concentrate supplementation had slightly greater DM intake and energy (GE, DE, and ME) intake, but had significantly higher N intake and N excretion in feces and urine than those fed the grass-only diet. However, diets had no significant effects on nutrient digestibility, energy or N utilization, or CH4 emission. Texel breed had a significantly lower DM intake and CH4 emissions per kg live weight, whereas the breed had no significant effect on nutrient digestibility or energy or N utilization. These results implicate that good quality grass could sustain high nutrient utilization efficiency as effectively as diets supplemented with concentrates for ewe lamb production. The two breeds of lowland ewe lambs can utilize good quality grass at a similar level of efficiency.

PSXII-24 Effects of feeding levels on digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 491-491
Author(s):  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
Bong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Sung-Soo Lee ◽  
Dong-Kyo Kim ◽  
Eun-Do Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of feeding levels on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and blood metabolites of growing Korean native goats. Five growing bucks (19.5±1.4 kg) with an average age of 5 months were randomly allocated to one of five feeding levels [maintenance (M), 1.1 x M, 1.2 x M, 1.4 x M, and 1.6 x M]. The experimental design was 5 × 5 Latin square design and all animals were housed individual pens (1.2 m × 0.9 m) for an adaption period of 2 weeks and collection period for 1 weeks. Rumen samples were collected before morning feeding using oral stomach tube. Nutrient digestibility increased linearly in goat as feeding level increased (P &lt; 0.01), but body weight did not differ among feeding levels. Rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration showed no significantly differences among feeding levels. The total and individual volatile fatty acids concentration increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased feeding levels. Blood metabolites did not differ among feeding levels. The fecal energy loss was not influenced by feeding levels, but digestible energy was increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased feeding levels. The metabolizable energy requirement was estimated using quadratic line model and ranged from 154 to 163 kcal per metabolic body weight based on average daily gain and ME intake. These results suggest that higher feeding levels of growing goat increases digestibility and nutrient utilization efficiency in the rumen. These results serve as a basis for the establishment of goat feeding programs at the farm scale in the Republic of Korea.

scholarly journals Effects of Defatted Rice Bran Inclusion Level on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Different Body Weight Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Bingbing Huang ◽  
Huangwei Shi ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defatted Rice Bran ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stage 1

This study was conducted to determine the effects of low-protein diet prepared with different levels of defatted rice bran (DFRB) and weight stages on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing–finishing pigs. The animal experiment included three stages. A total of 240 growing pigs with an initial body weight of 28.06 ± 8.56 kg for stage 1 were allocated to five diets including one control group and four DFRB diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% DFRB, respectively. The 192 crossbred pigs with initial body weights of 55.03 ± 7.31 kg and 74.55 ± 9.10 kg were selected for stage 2 and stage 3, respectively. Pigs were allocated to four diets including one control group and three DFRB diets supplemented with 10%, 15% and 20% DFRB, respectively. The results showed that with the increase in DFEB intake, the gain: feed was linearly increased (p < 0.05), and the average daily feed intake tended to linearly decrease (p = 0.06) in stage 1. Except for the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of acid detergent fiber (ADF) in stage 3, levels of DFRB had significant effects on the ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF in three weight stages. In stage 1, with the increase in levels of DFRB, the ATTD of NDF and hemicellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 2, with the increasing levels of DFRB, the ATTD of DM, ash and cellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 3, the ATTD of GE, DM, ash, NDF and hemicellulose decreased linearly with the increase in levels of DFRB (p < 0.01). Collectively, DFRB could be used as a replacement for corns and soybean meal, and weight stage is important to consider when adjusting the additive proportion.

scholarly journals After Life Effect of Endophytic Bacterium Bacillus Cereus on Litter Decomposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijing Hu ◽  
Rumeng Ye ◽  
Lu Pang ◽  
Han Jiang ◽  
Kai Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency

Abstract Background and aims: Endophytic microorganisms exist commonly in plants and are recognized to increase plant growth especially under adverse physical environmental conditions. We here demonstrate that endophytic bacteria (EB) Bacillus cereus can accelerate the decomposition of plant litter and enhance nutrient availability for plant growth.Methods: We first obtained plant litter with and without EB inoculation using a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana in a microcosmic experiment, then conducted a litter decomposition experiment to investigated the effect of EB on litter decay rate, phosphorus availability, and on soil microbial community structure. We further evaluated wheat (Triticum aestivum) biomass growth using soils treated with and without EB.Results: Inoculation of EB significantly increased the mass loss of Arabidopsis litter in the middle stage of decomposition, elevated the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the early stage of decomposition, and increased soil available P at the end of decomposition. Analyses of Illumina MiSeq sequencing and structural equation models also indicated that EB inoculation had pronounced impact on the bacterial abundance and diversity in soil. Finally, the growth of the wheat was significantly promoted in the litter with EB decomposition system. Conclusion: EB mediated host after-life effect likely through accelerating the release of nutrients such as P from decomposing plant litter and regulating the structure of soil microorganisms, promoting the sustainability of nutrient utilization efficiency in a terrestrial ecosystem.

scholarly journals The Impact of Producing Type and Dietary Crude Protein on Animal Performances and Microbiota Together with Greenhouse Gases Emissions in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1742
Author(s):  
Ahmad Reza Seradj ◽  
Joaquim Balcells ◽  
Laura Sarri ◽  
Lorenzo José Fraile ◽  
Gabriel de la Fuente Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Nutrient Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
The Impact

In order to reduce dietary nitrogen and achieve an efficient protein deposition as well as decrease N wastage, we challenged the nutrient utilization efficiency of two different producing types in front of a dietary crude protein (CP) restriction and studied the role of the microbiota in such an adaptation process. Therefore, 32 pure castrated male Duroc (DU) and 32 entire male hybrid (F2) piglets were raised in a three-phase feeding regime. At each phase, two iso caloric diets differing in CP content, also known as normal protein (NP) and low protein (LP), were fed to the animals. LP diets had a fixed restriction (2%) in CP content in regards to NP ones throughout the phases of the experiment. At the end of third phase, fecal samples were collected for microbiota analysis purposes and greenhouse gases emissions, together with ammonia, were tested. No changes were found in average daily feed intake (ADFI) of animals of two producing types (Duroc vs. F2) or those consumed different experimental diets (NP vs. LP) throughout the course of study. However, at the end of each experimental phase the average body weight (BW) of hybrid animals were higher compared to Duroc pigs, whereas a reverse trend was observed for average daily gain (ADG), where Duroc pigs showed greater values with respect to hybrid ones. Despite, greater CH4 and ammonia emissions in Duroc pigs with respect to F2, no significant differences were found in contaminant gases emissions between diets. Moreover, LP diets did not alter the microbial community structure, in terms of diversity, although some genera were affected by the dietary challenge. Results suggest that the impact of reducing 2% of CP content was limited for reduction in contaminant gases emissions and highlight the hypothesis that moderate change in the dietary protein levels can be overcome by long-term adaptation of the gut microbiota. Overall, the influence of the producing type on performance and digestive microbiota composition was more pronounced than the dietary effect. However, both producing types responded differently to CP restriction. The use of fecal microbiota as biomarker for predicting feed efficiency has a great potential that should be completed with robust predictive models to achieve consistent and valid results.

Effect of Artemisia Absinthium(Titween) on nutrient intake, digestibility, nutrient balance and blood biochemical of sheep

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Bhat ◽  
A. Ishfaq ◽  
A. M. Ganai ◽  
Y. A Beigh ◽  
G. G. Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Blood Biochemical

The study was carried to evaluate the effects of feeding phytogenic feed additive, Artemisia absinthiumon nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, utilization and performance of sheep. Ten male adult Bakerwal sheep were randomly divided into control group (T0) and treatment group (T1). The complete ration for T1 was fortified with herb Artemisia absinthium@ 4%. Significant (P less than 0.05) differences were observed in DM intake, OM intake, average daily gainand digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP and EE. However, non-significant (P less than 0.05) differences were recorded in digestibility coefficients of NFE, NDF, ADF and HC. Significant increase in % DCP and % TDN were recorded in T1 group as compared to T0 group. Nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance were comparable between two groups and were positive in both groups. Among haemato-biochemical parameters blood glucose, Hb, PCV and total serum proteins, differed non-significantly (P£0.05) between the groups, both before and after experimental feeding, except the BUN which was found significantly (P£0.05) higher in herb supplemented group.

Effect of supplementation of concentrate to sweet sorghum bagasse with leaf residue silage on nutrient utilization and nitrogen balance in native sheep

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vidya ◽  
Y. Raman Reddy ◽  
D. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
V. Ravinder Reddy ◽  
N. Nalini Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplementation of concentrate at different levels to sweet sorghum bagasse leaf residue (SSBLR) silage on nutrient utilization in growing lambs in a metabolism trial conducted after 120days of feeding. Sixteen growing Nellore ram lambs (18.3±0.8) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary groups (4 in each group) and were inducted into metabolic cages five days prior to collection for acclimatization followed by a seven day collection period. The four dietary groups were SSBLR silage fed ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate mixture (CP 17% and ME 2.53 Mcal/kg DM) at 0.0 (R-I), 0.75 (R-II), 1.0 (R-III) and 1.25 (R-IV) per cent of their live Weight. Significantly (P<0.01) higher total DMI (g/kg w0.75) was noticed in concentrate supplemented groups. The organic matter, crude protein and nitrogen free extract digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) higher in lambs fed R-IV ration than those fed R-I ration. No significant difference in the digestibility of dry matter, ether extract and cell wall constituents was observed among the rations. The digestible crude protein (%) (P<0.01) and metabolizable energy (Mcal/kg) values increased (P>0.0) with increase in level of concentrate in the diet. Negative and lower (P<0.01) nitrogen balance (g/d) was noticed in R-I ration. The N balance linearly increased with increase in level of concentrate supplementation. The study indicated feeding of sole SSBLR silage couldn't meet the nutrient requirements and Supplementation of concentrate mixture (0.75-1.25%) to SSBLR silage improved the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in growing lambs.

THE EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION OF NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY OF BLACK-MOTLEY BREED

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Долженкова ◽  
Galina Dolzhenkova ◽  
Галиева ◽  
Zulfiya Galieva
Keyword(s):  
Group Formation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Young Growth

The purpose of the research is improving the efficiency of energy utilization of diets for Black-motley breed bull-calves through the use of probiotic drug Biogaran.The experiment was conducted in SPK-collective farm «Heroi» Chekmagushevsky district in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Group formation was carried out according to the principle of analogues taking into account breed, sex, age and body weight. 4 groups were formed of 6-month-old bull-calves of Black-motley breed and control (I) and 3 experimental (II, III and IV) for 15 heads each. In the diets of young II, III and IV groups in addition to the basic diet were injected with 3.5 g; 7.0 and 10.0 g of probiotic feed additive Biodarin per 1 kg of concentrated feed. Animals treated with the drug at a dose of 7.0 g/kg of concentrated feed, in comparison with their peers of the control group better digested dry matter by 1,64% (P&#60;0.01), organic – 1,25% (P&#60;0.05), crude protein – 2.97% (P&#60;0.05), crude fiber – 1,53% (P&#60;0.05) and BEV – 2.64% (P&#60;0.05). Using in feed rations of large horned livestock young growth feed additive «Biodarin» has positive effect for energy metabolism: energy interchancing increased by 1.02-1.79 per cent, the energy gain is increased by 10.96-of 19.72%.

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