scholarly journals Methane production and energy partitioning in sheep fedAndropogon gayanusgrass ensiled at three regrowth stages

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel O. Ribeiro ◽  
Alex M. Teixeira ◽  
Frederico O. Velasco ◽  
Wilson G. Faria ◽  
Diogo G. Jayme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Respiration Chamber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Ribeiro Jr., G. A., Teixeira, A. M., Velasco, F. O., Faria Jr., W. G., Jayme, D. G., Maurício, R. M., Gonçalves, L. C. and McAllister, T. A. 2015. Methane production and energy partitioning in sheep fed Andropogon gayanus grass ensiled at three regrowth stages. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 103–110. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of harvesting Andropogon gayanus at different regrowth stages (56, 84 and 112 d) on the nutritional value of silage and CH4emissions from sheep. Rams (n=18) were adapted to silages for 21 d after which intake and digestibility were measured over 5 d in a completely randomized design (six rams/treatment). Heat production and methane emissions from each ram were measured in a respiration chamber over 24 h. Silage dry matter (DM; 54.4 g kg−1BW0.75d−1) intake was not influenced (P>0.05) by silage regrowth stage, but apparent DM digestibility linearly decreased (P<0.05) from 526 to 380 g kg−1with increasing regrowth. Energy lost as a percent of gross energy intake (GEI) linearly increased with longer regrowth, yet no effect on CH4losses (as% GEI; g kg−1DM; g kg−1digestible DM) or heat production were observed. Ensiling A. gayanus grass at an earlier regrowth stage (56 d) will improve silage quality, but improvements in the energetic value are not due to a reduction in enteric CH4emissions as a% GEI.

Nutritive value of kochia (Kochia scoparia) hay or silage grown in a Black soil zone in northeastern Saskatchewan for sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mir ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
L. Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
High Forage

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the voluntary intake and digestibility of kochia (Kochia scoparia) as hay or silage for sheep. In Trial 1, kochia (KOC) hay substituted for alfalfa hay (AA) at 0, 25, 50 or 75% of complete diets, or 50% AA or 50% KOC with barley (BAR) were fed to 24 mature wethers in a completely randomized design experiment. As the level of KOC in the diet increased, dry matter intake (DMI) of wethers decreased linearly. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in dry matter or fiber digestibilities among the four diets containing AA and KOC hay. Nitrogen and gross energy digestibilities increased linearly (P < 0.05) with decreasing levels of dietary KOC. In trial 2, KOC silage prepared from two ecotypes of KOC (southern and northern), cut at two different dates and fed in a 50:50 combination with AA silage were compared with a diet containing AA silage. DMI and nutrient digestibilities of the AA silage diet were higher (P < 0.05) than those for the diets containing KOC. Results indicate that KOC hay can be fed in high forage or concentrate diets at levels between 25 and 50% of the diet without adverse effects on intake or digestibility. Results also demonstrate that KOC can be preserved by ensiling and that KOC silage can be used in combination with AA silage in diets for sheep. Key words: Kochia, sheep, digestibility, hay, silage

scholarly journals ALTERNATIVES FOR SPRING FORAGE EMPTINESS IN PAMPA, BRAZIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Edgard Gonçalves Malaguez ◽  
Gabriella Valduga Dinarte ◽  
Leonardo Ereno Tadielo ◽  
Nathaly Lopes Toledo Dos Santos ◽  
Deise Dalazen Castagnara
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pampa Region ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The spring forage emptiness is an obstacle to the development of Brazilian livestock, including in the Bioma Pampa region. Feed strategies for this period contributed to the development of livestock and to the conservation of the biome. The objective of this work was to know the nutritional potential of forages during spring forage for use as strategies in the forage planning. The experiment had a completely randomized design, with ten forages and four replicates. The chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and the total digestible nutrient content (NTD) of elephant grass, brachiaria cultivars Convert and Marandu, Tifton 68; diploid and tetraploid ryegrass; red, white and arrowleaf clover; and bird’s-foot trefoil. The grasses had a higher proportion of fibrous constituents, and lower levels of NDT and DMD, thus, lower nutritional value. Negative correlation between mineral matter and fibrous constituents with CP, TDN and IVDMD, was observed. Forages studied can be used as pasture alternatives for ruminants in the spring forage emptiness of the Pampa, Brazil, however, the strategy of using them should be a pasture planning.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Molases dan Gula Pasir Terhadap pH dan Produksi Silase Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureun sp).

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahruddin Wakano ◽  
Budiman Nohong ◽  
Rinduwati Rinduwati
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Preservation of forage with silage method has been widely practiced by farmers, one of the factors that influence the success of making silage is the addition of additives, such as molasses. However, molasses is not available in all regions. For that we need a material that can be an alternative substitute for silage, namely granulated sugar, besides having nutritional value that is almost the same as molasses, sugar also contains water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) which is easily utilized by lactic acid bacteria as an energy source during the ensilage process. This study aims to determine the effect of molasses and sugar levels on pH values and dry matter of elephant grass silage. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications, namely P1: control, P2: Molases 4%, P3: Sugar 4%, P4: Molases 6% and P5: 6% sugar. So that the total sample unit is 15 units and one unit of fresh material samples. Samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the pH value and dry matter of silage. The results showed that the administration of sugar additives at the level of 4% in silage had the same quality as silage which was given molasses at the level of 4%. However, at the level of 6% silage which is given molasses it has better quality than silage which is given sugar. This shows that granulated sugar can be used as an alternative to molasses in making silage.

scholarly journals Energy partitioning and methane emission by sheep fed sorghum silages at different maturation stages

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Machado ◽  
N.M. Rodríguez ◽  
L.C. Gonçalves ◽  
J.A.S. Rodrigues ◽  
M.N. Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Gross Energy

Energy partitioning and methane production by sheep fed silages of three commercially available sorghum hybrids (BRS 610, BR 700 and BRS 655) harvested at three maturation stages (milk, soft dough and floury) were evaluated in open circuit respiration chambers. A complete randomized design was used in a 3 × 3 (hybrids × maturity stages) factorial arrangement, and the means were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test (P<0.05). The intake of dry matter, digestible dry matter, gross energy, digestible energy and metabolizable energy were not affected by maturation stage, but were influenced by hybrid. The net energy intake was influenced by maturity and sorghum genetics. The fecal output represented the main source of energy loss, as percentage of gross energy intake (48% to 52%), followed by heat increment (10% to 19%), methane emissions (4% to 6%) and urine (1% to 2%). There were no differences (P>0.10) among the treatments for the apparent digestibility of gross energy and metabolizability (qm). An interaction (P<0.05) between sorghum hybrid and maturation stages was observed for the efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for maintenance (km), which ranged between 0.53 and 0.78. No differences (P>0.10) among treatments occurred in the daily methane production. There is substantial genetic diversity within sorghum species, determining different nutritional values. Sorghum genetics and maturity at harvest should not be an opportunity to reduce the contribution of agriculture to methane emissions.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of sugarcane silages added with different acetic acid doses

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Diego Lucas Soares de Jesus ◽  
João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽  
Flávio Pinto Monção ◽  
Wagner Sousa Alves ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Glacial Acetic Acid ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Yeast Population ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of acetic acid during the ensiling of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) on fermentation quality and nutritional value. The treatments consisted of sugarcane silages, variety (IAC 86-2480) additives with four inclusion levels of glacial acetic acid (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 % in natural matter) plus the control. A completely randomized design was used, being 5 treatments and 6 replicates. The glacial acetic acid showed a pH 2.9 (0,1M). There was a reduction of 0.07 units in the pH of the sugarcane silage for each 1% inclusion of acetic acid (P < 0.01). The N-NH3 concentration was not modified in the ensiled mass of the treatments, with a mean of 0.45% in dry matter (P =0.91). The averages of effluent losses were adjusted to the quadratic regression model with the application of acetic acid (P < 0.01). There was a reduction in the yeast population in the order of 0.44 log UFC/g of silage (P < 0.01). The addition of acetic acid in sugarcane silage reduces fermentative losses, the yeast population and improves the nutritional value in doses from 1.5% of natural matter.

scholarly journals Application of BS4-enzyme on the methane production from mixture of cattle manures and waste paper

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Tuti Haryati ◽  
A. P. Sinurat ◽  
B. Listian ◽  
H. Hamid ◽  
T. Purwadaria
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p class="abstrak2">Cellulose from abundant newspaper waste could be transformed into methane through anaerobic fermentation. This research was carried out to compare the gas production including methane between samples containing feces and waste paper mixture as inoculum and substrate, respectively and added with and without BS4 enzyme. The enzyme was produced in Indonesian Research Institute of Animal Produce (IRIAP) by growing Eupenicillium javanicum BS4 in coconut meals. There were three treatments,  i.e., 30% manure (M30); 15 %  manure + 15 % paper waste  (MP 30); MP30 + 3 mL BS4 enzyme equal to 0.42 U/g dry matter (MPE30) The percentage of waste papers addition in feces was calculated on dry matter (DM) basis and every treatment had five replications. Total gas and methane productions were measured weekly, while dry matter losses were determined during 5 week fermentation. Interactions between treatments and incubation time were analyzed using completely randomized design each week. Kind of substrates influenced both total gas and methane productions during incubation time. Both waste papers and enzyme addition enhanced gas production. The highest total gas and methane productions for five weeks incubation were highly significantly observed (P&lt;0.01) in MP30 and MPE30 compared to M30. Addition of enzyme significantly increased total gas and methane productions in the first week. The highest methane and total gas yield/g dry matter were obtained by BS4 enzyme addition. It was concluded that BS4 enzyme is good in accelerating and increasing the transformation efficiency of waste paper and manure mixture for biogas production.</p><p><strong>Key Words</strong>: Methane, Fibrenolytic-Enzyme, Waste Papers, Cattle Manures</p>

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI ULAT JERMAN MELALUI KOMBINASI PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH SAYURAN PASAR PADA FORMULASI MEDIA PAKAN YANG BERBEDA

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Erik Priyo Santoso ◽  
Akhadiyah Afrila ◽  
Eka Fitasari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Waste vegetable of traditional market provided very abundant and rarely used. German mealworm known as giant meal worms are the larvae of insects named Zhopobas morio parent has a size larger than the hongkong mealworm. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of vegetable waste in feed media of German mealworm which has a different nutrient content. This experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial design with treatment G1P1 (GE 4000 kcal / kg, PK 10%), G1P2 (GE 4000 kcal / kg, PK 12%), G1P3 (GE 4000 kcal / kg, PK 14% ), G2P1 (GE 4500 kcal / kg, PK 10%), G2P2 (GE 4500 kcal / kg, PK 12%), G2P3 (GE 4500 kcal / kg, PK 14%), G3P1 (GE 5000 kcal / kg PK 10 %) G3P2 (GE 5000 kcal / kg PK 12%), G3P3 (GE 5000 kcal / kg PK 14%), each treatments replicated 3 times. The results of the research showed that the application of vegetable waste in german worm feed media is able to increase the use of feed concentrates containing gross energy and crude protein low. Vegetable waste treatment in feed media which containing gross energy of 4000 kcal / kg and 14% crude protein showing the highest value on dry matter feed intake, weight of the harvest, and worm weight gain.

Energy partition, nutritional energy requirements and methane production in F1 Holstein × Gyr bulls, using the respirometric technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
A. L. Ferreira ◽  
A. L. C. C. Borges ◽  
R. C. Mourão ◽  
R. R. Silva ◽  
A. C. A. Duque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Partition ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

The nutritional energy requirements of animals for maintenance and weight gain, such as the energy partition of the diet, were determined in different feeding plans. Fifteen F1 Holstein × Gyr, non-castrated male bovines with a mean initial liveweight of 302 kg were used. The diets were corn silage and concentrate, formulated to enable gains of 100, 500 and 900 g/day, called low, medium and high weight gains, respectively. Tests of digestibility and metabolism were conducted to determine energy losses through faeces, urine and methane emissions. Heat production was determined using respirometry chamber. Net energy for maintenance was calculated as the antilogarithm of the intercept of the regression of the logarithm of the heat production, as a function of the metabolisable energy intake. Retained energy was obtained by subtracting the heat production from the metabolisable energy intake. With the increased consumption of dry matter, there was an increase in faecal and urinary energy loss. Retained energy increased linearly with the metabolisable energy intake. The net energy for gain in the diet did not differ among the treatments, such as the efficiency of use of metabolisable energy for weight gain kg (0.34). The net energy for maintenance was 312 kJ/kg LW0.75, and the metabolisable energy for maintenance was 523 kJ/kg LW0.75. The daily methane production (g/day) increased with the dry matter level and the daily loss represented 5.31% of the gross energy consumption.

Haematological and Biochemical Profiles of West African Dwarf Goats Fed Cochlospermum planchonii Root Powder in Their Diet

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
L. I. Mhomga ◽  
C. O. Nwosu ◽  
B. N. Marire
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
West African ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding varying levels of Cochlospermum planchonii using 25 WAD goats. The study lasted for 84 days during which feed intake and haematological and biochemical parameters were monitored in 25 goats using a completely randomized design. Five diets consisting of pulverized Cochlospermum planchonii rhizome at varying proportions of 0 %. 5 %, 10 %, 20 % and 40 % respectively and designated as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were compounded with other feed ingredients. Goats were offered concentrate and Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) at 08:30 am. The results obtained revealed that there was no significant difference in dry matter intake of forage but the amount of concentrate consumed by T5 was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the other treatments. Haematological parameters such as; PCV, Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils did not differ across the treatments, while biochemical parameters such as; total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, creatinine, urea and ALT were also similar across the treatments, however, cholesterol, AST and ALP were significantly different (P < 0.05). The study revealed that inclusion of Cochlospermum planchonii in the diets of WAD goats had no adverse effects on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Therefore, dietary inclusion or drenching with the plant is safe especially at 20 % inclusion.

scholarly journals NILAI NUTRISI AMPAS TEBU (Bagasse) YANG DIFERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN STARBIO® PADA LEVEL YANG BERBEDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafles Rafles ◽  
Efendi Harahap ◽  
Dewi Febrina
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Fermentation Technology ◽  
Different Levels

The bagasse has potential as an alternative feed for ruminant. However,  though the high of the crude fibre and the very low in the nutritional value make them very limited in using for animal feed. To overcome the problem in order to increase nutritional value was the fermentation technology by the application of the starbio inoculums. The objective of the research was to observe the  nutrition  qualities of the bagasse with aplication of different levels of starbio. The experimental design was  a completely Randomized Design  with 4 treatments i.e. P0 (bagasse + 0% Starbio), P1 (bagasse+ 0.2% starbio), P2 (bagasse+ 0.4% Starbio), P3 (bagasse+ 0.6% Starbio) and each treatment has 5 replication, The parameters measured were pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) crude fiber (CF), ash and Nitrogen Free Extract (NFE). The results of the research indicated that pH of the  fermentation was very good (3.37-3.67), DM (66.59-68.73%), and CP 1.47-1,97%. However, there was no effect on EE, CF, ashes and NFE. The addition of 0.6% starbio was the best result to increase CP but did not affect on ash content.

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