scholarly journals Supplementing corn or corn-barley diets with an E. coli derived phytase decreases total and soluble P output by weanling and growing pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Beaulieu ◽  
M. R. Bedford ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Swine Diets ◽  
Ca:P Ratio ◽  
Total P

The efficacy of an E. coli derived phytase on phosphorus (P) digestibility and excretion, on the form of the P excreted, and the optimal dietary calcium (Ca):P ratio was examined. In exp. 1, 63 barrows (40.4 ± 1.9 kg) were assigned to receive one of 21 treatments arranged as a 3 × 7 factorial. Treatments consisted of three Ca levels (0.50, 0.60 and 0.70%) and seven phytase treatments [0, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 FTU kg-1 of an E. coli-derived phytase and 500 FTU kg-1 of an A. niger phytase added to a P deficient (0.37% P) diet or 0 FTU phytase kg-1 added to a P adequate (0.53% P) diet]. In exp. 2, 144 pigs (6.52 ± 0.75 kg), received a P adequate (0.60% P) diet or a P deficient (0.44% P) diet supplemented with 0, 250, 500, 1000 or 2000 FTU phytase kg-1 for a 28-d trial. A subset of 36 barrows was then fed the same diets in a balance trial. In exp. 3, 36 barrows (7.1 ± 0.75 kg) were assigned to one of six treatments arranged as a 2 × 3 factorial (0 or 500 FTU of phytase kg-1; 1.0, 1.6 or 2.2 Ca:P ratio). In exp. 1, P digestibility improved from 21 to 54% with increasing phytase (quadratic; P < 0.05). Supplementing the diet with 500 FTU phytase kg-1 decreased the output of total and soluble P by 25% in exp. 2 and to a similar extent in exp. 3 at the lowest Ca:P ratio (P < 0.05). The effect of phytase on total P digestibility was mitigated as the dietary Ca:P ratio increased in exp. 3. Supplementation of swine diets with an E. coli derived phytase decreases output of total and soluble forms of P, but this effect is reduced at high dietary Ca:P ratios. Key words: Swine, E. coli phytase, phosphorus, soluble phosphorus

scholarly journals Evaluation of serum parameters to predict the dietary intake of calcium and available phosphorus in growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C Vötterl ◽  
Jutamat Klinsoda ◽  
Isabel Hennig-Pauka ◽  
Doris Verhovsek ◽  
Barbara U Metzler-Zebeli
Keyword(s):  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Serum Parameters ◽  
Adequate Provision ◽  
Ca:P Ratio ◽  
Total P

Abstract Adequate provision of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) is essential for bone formation and high growth performance in pigs. Nevertheless, reliable serum biomarkers for pig’s Ca and P intake are still missing. Here, we used phytase supplementation to alter the dietary available P (aP) level in order to investigate the effect of differences in dietary aP levels on serum parameters related to the Ca and P homeostasis in pigs. Moreover, we assessed whether serum parameters can be used to predict the Ca, total P (tP) and aP intake in barrows and gilts throughout the fattening period. In total, 216 pigs (115 gilts and 101 barrows) were randomly allotted to 1 of 2 diets in 3 replicate batches, each lasting 56 days (n =108/diet). Pigs had free a, ccess to the diets without (Con) or with phytase (Phy; 650 phytase units/kg) via a transponder-based feeding system. Blood samples were collected on days 2, 23 and 52 and serum parameters were correlated to the daily Ca, tP, and aP intake. The intake of tP, aP, and Ca was overall 14.2, 13.8, and 14.2% higher in barrows compared to gilts, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Concurrently, phytase decreased the intake of tP and Ca by 8.4 and 6.7%, respectively, whereas it raised the intake of aP by 16.3% compared to Con diet (P &lt; 0.001). Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vitamin D (VitD) and osteocalcin (OCN) decreased with age (P &lt; 0.05). The higher aP intake of pigs fed Phy diet increased serum P on days 2 and 23 but decreased it on day 52 compared to Con diet (P = 0.004). Pigs fed Phy diet had higher serum ALP compared to pigs fed Con diet on days 23 and 52 (P &lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis between serum parameters and Ca, tP and aP intake showed age- and sex-related associations. With 12 weeks of age serum P in both sexes, serum VitD in barrows and serum OCN and ALP in gilts correlated with aP intake (|r| &gt; 0.38), whereas serum OCN correlated with Ca in both sexes’ intake (r &gt; 0.50). At 20 weeks, serum Ca and ALP in gilts correlated with aP intake, whereas serum P, Ca and VitD correlated with Ca intake in both sexes (|r| &gt; 0.39). In conclusion, present results showed that the daily Ca and aP intake could be most reliably estimated from serum parameters for an approximate age of 12 and 20 weeks. Serum P and the Ca:P ratio at 12 weeks of age and serum VitD at 20 weeks of age may be used to predict pig’s daily aP intake in both sexes.

Comparison of colony and stool blots for detection of enteropathogens by DNA probes

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-410
Author(s):  
Mônica A. M. Vieira ◽  
Beatriz E. C. Guth ◽  
Tânia A. T. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Type I ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Key Words Dna ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable

DNA probes that identify genes coding for heat-labile type I (LT-I) and heat-stable type 1 (ST-I) enterotoxins, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli adherence factor (EAF), and Shigella-like, invasiveness (INV) are used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of stool blots in comparison with the sensitivity and specificity of colony blots in detecting enteropathoghens. The sensitivities of the probes in stool blots are 91.7% for the LT-I probe, 76.9% for the ST-I probes, 78.9% for the EAF probe, and 45.5% for the INV probe. The specificity of all probes is higher than 95%. In general, the stool blot method identifies as many if not more LT-I-, ST-I-, and EAF-producing E. coli infections than the colony blots. Key words: DNA probes, stool blots, enteropathogens, diagnosis.

scholarly journals Clinical and Molecular Correlates of Escherichia coli Bloodstream Infection from Two Geographically Diverse Centers in Rochester, Minnesota, and Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehara M. Mendis ◽  
Shawn Vasoo ◽  
Brian D. Johnston ◽  
Stephen B. Porter ◽  
Scott A. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Clonal Distribution ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Community Onset

ABSTRACT Escherichia coli bacteremia is caused mainly by sequence type complex 131 (STc131) and two clades within its fluoroquinolone-resistance-associated H30 subclone, H30R1 and H30Rx. We examined clinical and molecular correlates of E. coli bacteremia in two geographically distinct centers. We retrospectively studied 251 unique E. coli bloodstream isolates from 246 patients (48 from the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN [MN], and 198 from Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore [SG]), from October 2013 through March 2014. Isolates underwent PCR for phylogroup, STc, blaCTX-M type, and virulence gene profiles, and medical records were reviewed. Although STc131 accounted for 25 to 27% of all E. coli bacteremia isolates at each site, its extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-associated H30Rx clade was more prominent in SG than in MN (15% versus 4%; P = 0.04). In SG only, patients with STc131 (versus other E. coli STc isolates) were more likely to receive inactive initial antibiotics (odds ratio, 2.8; P = 0.005); this was true specifically for patients with H30Rx (odds ratio, 7.0; P = 0.005). H30Rx comprised 16% of community-onset bacteremia episodes in SG but none in MN. In SG, virulence scores were higher for H30Rx than for H30R1, non-H30 STc131, and non-STc131 isolates (P < 0.02 for all comparisons). At neither site did mortality differ by clonal status. The ESBL-associated H30Rx clade was more prevalent and more often of community onset in SG, where it predicted inactive empirical treatment. The clonal distribution varies geographically and has potentially important clinical implications. Rapid susceptibility testing and clonal diagnostics for H30/H30Rx might facilitate earlier prescribing of active therapy.

scholarly journals The influence of the phosphorus concentration in the diet on the performance of fast-growing pigs.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-252
Author(s):  
A.W. Jongbloed
Keyword(s):  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

In 6 experiments with 359 pigs weighing 30 to 110 kg different amounts of phosphorus were added to the diet as CaHPO4 in 3 or 4 steps of 0.75 g P/kg. All diets had a Ca:P ratio of +or- 1.3:1. Optimum results were obtained by addition of 0.75 g inorganic P with digestible P 1.6 to 1.8 g/kg DM. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals 281 Young Scholar Presentation: Digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in feed ingredients fed to gestating sows and growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Young Scholar ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Abstract In practical diet formulation, values for standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and P obtained in growing pigs are also applied to sows. However, gestating sows have reduced digestibility and retention of Ca and P compared with growing pigs, and the impact of microbial phytase on the digestibility of P and Ca is much less in sows than in growing pigs. Applying STTD values for Ca and P obtained in growing pigs to diets for gestating sows, therefore, results in an overestimation of the absorbed Ca and P in sows (Table 1). Further research, however, indicated that the digestibility of Ca and P in late gestating sows is greater than in sows in early or mid-gestation and retention of Ca and P was greater in late-gestation compared with earlier gestation periods, which indicates that digestion and absorption of Ca and P may be under hormonal control in sows (Table 2). It was also demonstrated that a wide Ca:P ratio decreased P digestibility in both growing pigs and sows in late-gestation, which demonstrates the need for not overfeeding STTD Ca. In follow-up research, it was demonstrated that several serum biomarkers may be used to predict if a sow is in a positive or a negative Ca and P state, but more research is needed to quantify this effect and to determine if biomarkers can be used in Ca and P requirement experiments. In conclusion, gestating sows have much lower digestibility of Ca and P than growing pigs, which demonstrates that digestibility values obtained in growing pigs cannot be used to accurately formulate diets for gestating sows. Likewise, effects of microbial phytase on digestibility of Ca and P are much less predictable in gestating sows than in growing pigs and phytase effects in sows are much smaller than in growing pigs.

scholarly journals Kandungan dan Serapan Mineral Pucuk Indigofera zollingeriana dari Tanaman dengan Kerapatan Tanam Berbeda

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Azib Ernawati - ◽  
Luki Abdullah ◽  
Idat Galih Permana
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the mineral contents of I. zollingeriana growing with different planting densities. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three different planting densities (8,000 plants per ha, 13,333 plants per ha, and 20,000 plants per ha) and 3 replication. Plant biomass was analyzed for macro and micro mineral contents as well as Ca:P ratio. The results showed that increased planting densities significantly increased (p<0.05) P, Cu, and Cr contents, but decreased Ca and Na contents  had no significant effect  on Mg, K, Mn, Zn and Fe contents. Furthermore, the increased planting densities significantly decreased (p<0.05) uptakes of Ca, K, Mn, and Fe by the plants, but increased (p<0.05) the uptakes of Cu and Cr. Meanwhile, the uptakes of P, K, Na, and Zn were not affected by planting densities. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the planting density of I. zollingeriana should be maintained in 8,000 plants ha-1 to maintain the content and uptake of mineral in forage crops. Key words:        defoliation periods,          Indigofera zollingeriana, macrominerals, micro minerals, planting density

Effects of growing pig diets containing 0, 150, 300 or 450 g molassed sugar beet feed/kg on carcass and meat eating quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
A.C. Longland ◽  
J.D. Wood ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
J.C. Carruthers ◽  
H.D. Keal
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Recent studies have shown that growing pigs can perform as well on diets containing up to 300 g/kg molassed sugar beet feed (SBF), (SBF substituted for cereals) as control pigs fed a conventional cereal-based diet (Bulman et al., 1989). SBF contains high levels of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) but little or no starch. SBF NSP, unlike that of cereals, is almost totally fermented by growing pigs, the fermentation products being used to sustain growth to a similar extent as products obtained from the breakdown of cereals, when fed at levels up to 300 g/kg. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding growing pigs diets containing increasing levels of NSP i.e. 0, 150, 300 or 450 g SBF/kg, on subsequent carcass and meat eating quality. The effects on meat flavour were of particular interest since reports have suggested that high levels of fermentation may result in high concentrations of skatole and tissues which would result in taint.

GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF RATS FED SWINE DIETS SUPPLEMENTED WITH VITAMIN K AND/OR WARFARIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-309
Author(s):  
R. W. JONES ◽  
R. A. EASTER
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Swine Diets ◽  
Key Words Vitamin K

A concern that the supplementation of swine diets with vitamin K may overcome the effects of warfarin-based rodenticides used in swine facilities was evaluated. Rats did not respond to additional vitamin K and all rats fed warfarin died within 5 days, indicating that vitamin K supplementation of swine diets should not impede rat control. Key words: Vitamin K, warfarin, swine, rats

A preliminary examination of potential interactions between deoxynivalenol (DON) and other selected Fusarium metabolites in growing pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Rotter ◽  
H. L. Trenholm ◽  
D. B. Prelusky ◽  
K. E. Hartin ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Fungal Metabolites ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Potential Interactions

The performance of growing pigs fed 2 mg kg−1 of one of several Fusarium graminearum metabolites (sambucinol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, culmorin, dihydroxycalonectrin) with and without 6 mg kg−1 deoxynivalenol (DON) was examined in three preliminary studies. The only significant effects (P < 0.05) were seen in feed consumption, weight gain and feed efficiency due to the presence of DON in the diet. In addition, the appearance and degree of folding of the esophageal portion of the stomach were also different between pigs fed the DON-free and DON-contaminated diets, though the degree of significance varied between trials. Some small differences were seen in growth and feed consumption for certain metabolites, notably sambucinol and culmorin, with and without DON, but they were not significant (P > 0.05). The data indicate that, at the dietary concentrations used, the fungal metabolites tested in combination with DON do not interact with DON in growing pigs to any marked degree. Key words: Deoxynivalenol, DON, pigs, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, culmorin, sambucinol, dihydroxycalonectrin

The effect of fasting and diet on fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Buchko ◽  
R. A. Holley ◽  
W. O. Olson ◽  
V. P. J. Gannon ◽  
D. M. Veira
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feed Withdrawal ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Key Words Escherichia Coli

Cattle naturally infected with Escherichia coli O157:H7 were used to assess the effects of diet and feed withdrawal on the fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Animals were fed an 80% concentrate diet (80% barley and 20% alfalfa silage), fasted for 48 h, fed a 100% forage diet (alfalfa silage), fasted for 48 h, and subsequently re-fed 100% forage (alfalfa silage). There were no differences in the numbers of animals positive for the shedding of E. coli O157:H7 when fed an 80% barley diet or an all-forage diet (P > 0.05) or during the fasting periods following each diet (P > 0.05). Upon re-feeding an all-forage diet following a 48-h fast, animals positive for E. coli O157:H7 shedding increased (P < 0.05), with 42.5% of the animals shedding the pathogen after 5 d. Re-feeding 100% forage following fasting appeared to have increased the number of animals shedding E. coli O157:H7 in their feces, which may have been influenced by diet in addition to fasting. Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, fasting, diet, cattle, fecal shedding

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