Asosiasi Marka Genetik dengan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Madura di Pamekasan

<p>Characteristic of DNA markers may be able to be used as useful and efficient tool to select merit animal from a population. In order to Madura cattle, growth rate is one of important traits should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the characteristic of DNA marker of candidate gene for growth hormone (GH) and growth rate of Madura cattle. A number of 10 female Madura cattle selected from 40 animals in average of about 18 months old were used as sample. The animal was weighed twice using electronic balance at the interval time of two months. At the simultaneous time to the animal weighing the blood sample was collected via vena jugularis 6 ml of each for DNA source. The blood sample was dropped ito polypropylene tubes containing EDTA for anti coagulant agent. DNA was isolated from leucocyte cells in the blood using salting out as standard method. PCR technique was used for amplifying the DNA using GH primer (forward: 5’-TAGGGAGGTGGAAAATGGA-3’ and reverse: 5’-GACACCTAGACAATGCG-3’). DNA polymorphism of GH gene was detected using RFLP technique by digesting the PCR-product DNA with HaeIII enzyme at position of GG*CC. The results showed that amplified DNA with this primer showed a single band of 450bp. Restriction of DNA with HaeIII enzyme resulted 4 haplotypes of uncut fragment , 2 fragments (2a and 2b), 3 fragments (3a and 3b) and 5 fragments at the position of 125bp, 200bp, 275bp and 450 bp. According to the data analysis, the non significant association was shown between specific genetic polymorphism and growth rate in this cattle.</p><p><em> </em></p><p>Key words: DNA marker, GH gene, growth rate, Madura cattle</p>

Asosiasi Marka Genetik dengan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Madura di Pamekasan

<p>Characteristic of DNA markers may be able to be used as useful and efficient tool to select merit animal from a population. In order to Madura cattle, growth rate is one of important traits should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the characteristic of DNA marker of candidate gene for growth hormone (GH) and growth rate of Madura cattle. A number of 10 female Madura cattle selected from 40 animals in average of about 18 months old were used as sample. The animal was weighed twice using electronic balance at the interval time of two months. At the simultaneous time to the animal weighing the blood sample was collected via vena jugularis 6 ml of each for DNA source. The blood sample was dropped ito polypropylene tubes containing EDTA for anti coagulant agent. DNA was isolated from leucocyte cells in the blood using salting out as standard method. PCR technique was used for amplifying the DNA using GH primer (forward: 5’-TAGGGAGGTGGAAAATGGA-3’ and reverse: 5’-GACACCTAGACAATGCG-3’). DNA polymorphism of GH gene was detected using RFLP technique by digesting the PCR-product DNA with HaeIII enzyme at position of GG*CC. The results showed that amplified DNA with this primer showed a single band of 450bp. Restriction of DNA with HaeIII enzyme resulted 4 haplotypes of uncut fragment , 2 fragments (2a and 2b), 3 fragments (3a and 3b) and 5 fragments at the position of 125bp, 200bp, 275bp and 450 bp. According to the data analysis, the non significant association was shown between specific genetic polymorphism and growth rate in this cattle.</p><p><em> </em></p><p>Key words: DNA marker, GH gene, growth rate, Madura cattle</p>

Micromechanics of chromatin and chromosomes

The enzymes that transcribe, recombine, package, and duplicate the eukaryotic genome all are highly processive and capable of generating large forces. Understanding chromosome function therefore will require analysis of mechanics as well as biochemistry. Here we review development of new biophysical-biochemical techniques for studying the mechanical properties of isolated chromatin fibers and chromosomes. We also discuss microscopy-based experiments on cells that visualize chromosome structure and dynamics. Experiments on chromatin tell us about its flexibility and fluctuation, as well as quantifying the forces generated during chromatin assembly. Experiments on whole chromosomes provide insight into the higher-order organization of chromatin; for example, recent experiments have shown that the mitotic chromosome is held together by isolated chromatin-chromatin links and not a large, mechanically contiguous non-DNA "scaffold".Key words: DNA struture, chromatin, chromosomes, mitosis.

Solution structure of a DNA duplex containing a formamide-adenine base pair

The N-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl) formamide residue results from a ring fragmentation product of thymine or cytosine. The presence of a formamide-adenine base pair in the sequence 5'd(AGGAACCACG).d(CGTGGFTCCT) has been studied by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamics. There are two possible isomers for the formamide side chain, either cis or trans. For each isomer, we observed an equilibrium in solution between two forms. First, a species where the formamide is intrahelical and paired with the facing adenine. For the cis isomer, the formamide is in a syn conformation and two hydrogen bonds with adenine are formed. The trans isomer is in an anti conformation and a single hydrogen bond is observed. In the second form, whatever the isomer, the formamide is rejected outside the helix, whereas the adenine remains inside. Key words: DNA structure, mutagenesis, NMR, molecular dynamics, formamide.

Development of an identification scheme for Canadian registered oat cultivars using RAPDs

DNA fingerprints for all 53 oat cultivars registered in Canada were generated using random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Repeatability and reliability of the PCR-RAPD fingerprints were confirmed on up to 20 single seeds or seedlings, from breeders seed of five cultivars. An identification key was computer generated for the 53 cultivars. Twenty-nine potentially diagnostic bands were scored on the 53 cultivars to generate the key, but only 13 were found useful and sufficient by the computer generating key program. The identification scheme lends itself to be online. Further research is required to complete the scheme for routine cultivar identification and verification in Canada. The problems that need to be investigated are discussed. Key words: DNA fingerprinting, oat cultivars, RAPD, identification key

Methylation of repeated DNA sequences and genome stability in Ascobolus immersus

In the ascomycete Ascobolus immersus, artificially repeated DNA fragments are subject to a process of methylation induced premeiotically (MIP). Artificially repeated genes are inactivated as a consequence of this methylation. Once established, both methylation and inactivation are stably maintained (although they can be reversed) through vegetative as well as sexual reproduction, even after the different copies of the repeat have segregated from each other. Therefore, MIP constitutes a process of epimutation. The biological significance of MIP remains unknown. Two likely hypotheses, which are not mutually exclusive, are that MIP acts to limit the spread of transposable elements throughout the genome or that it acts to reduce ectopic recombination between dispersed sequences. In this second hypothesis, targets for MIP are also likely to be mainly transposable elements. For these reasons, we have recently started a search for such elements in Ascobolus. Results obtained so far indicate that several types of transposable elements or remnants of them are present in Ascobolus. Analysis of their methylation status suggests that they are indeed likely targets of MIP and in one case points to a possible strategy that transposons might use to escape MIP, simply by reducing their size. Key words: DNA repeats, methylation, genome stability, Ascobolus immersus.

DNA and ascomycete systematics

Present knowledge of different types of RNAs as phylogenetic markers among the fungi is discussed, and examples of phylogenetically informative 18S rRNA signature sequences are given. Such signatures give phylogenetic information that is not provided by parsimony or distance analyses of longer gene sequences. A single signature cannot be used as a decisive criterion for defining taxa, but signature sequences give invaluable hints on phylogenetic relationships and can be included in data matrices as morphological criteria when using parsimony analysis. Key words: DNA, ascomycete phylogeny, signature sequences.

Preparation of an antibody against a maize DNA polymerase holoenzyme: identification of the polymerase catalytic subunit

Three different DNA polymerase activities can be separated from germinating maize axes through DEAE – cellulose chromatography. Of these, DNA polymerase 2 appears to be a replicative-type enzyme composed of several subunits. An antibody has been developed against the DNA polymerase 2 multisubunit complex, which mainly recognizes a polypeptide of molecular weight around 90 kDa. Polypeptides of molecular mass of 83, 70, 60, 55, 45, and 24 kDa are also recognized. Activity gels showed that the 90-kDa polypeptide possesses catalytic activity. DNA polymerases 1 and 3 are not recognized by the antibody and their activities are not reduced. However, DNA polymerase 2 activity is reduced by 70%. The nature of the different DNA polymerase accompanying subunits is discussed. Key words: DNA polymerases, maize embryo axes.

Changes in DNA content and chromosome number during spermatogenesis in the gall midge Monarthropalpus buxi (Cecidomyiidae, Diptera)

In this paper we analyze the course of spermatogenesis in Monarthropalpus buxi. The first meiotic division occurs without any chromosomes pairing. As a result one spermatocyte II appears from which two sperms originate, and one residual cell, which does not undergo any further division. We found variations in chromosome number and DNA content between germ line cells of different individuals. Such variations were observed in the spermatocytes I and II, and in the sperms. In contrast, the residual cells, which did not take part in further development, always had the same DNA content and constantly inherited 20 chromosomes: 4 constituting one haploid set of the somatic type (S chromosomes) and 16 of the germ line limited type (E chromosomes).Key words: DNA content, chromosome number, Cecidomyiidae, germ line, spermatogenesis.

Comparison of colony and stool blots for detection of enteropathogens by DNA probes

DNA probes that identify genes coding for heat-labile type I (LT-I) and heat-stable type 1 (ST-I) enterotoxins, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli adherence factor (EAF), and Shigella-like, invasiveness (INV) are used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of stool blots in comparison with the sensitivity and specificity of colony blots in detecting enteropathoghens. The sensitivities of the probes in stool blots are 91.7% for the LT-I probe, 76.9% for the ST-I probes, 78.9% for the EAF probe, and 45.5% for the INV probe. The specificity of all probes is higher than 95%. In general, the stool blot method identifies as many if not more LT-I-, ST-I-, and EAF-producing E. coli infections than the colony blots. Key words: DNA probes, stool blots, enteropathogens, diagnosis.