MAINTENANCE ENERGY REQUIREMENT OF THE ROOSTER AND INFLUENCE OF PLANE OF NUTRITION ON METABOLIZABLE ENERGY

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. GUILLAUME ◽  
J. D. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Maintenance

Arnould’s method can be applied to the adult rooster to estimate the energy maintenance requirement, although estimation of the weight gain requirement is inaccurate with this method. The average value obtained of 117 kcal metabolizable energy per kg body weight per day for maintenance requirement agrees well with previously reported estimates but is higher than values reported for the laying hen. Maintenance requirement for energy appears to be very variable, the coefficient of variation being 13% which equals that found for basal metabolism. Maintenance requirement is correlated neither with body weight nor with endogenous N excretion. It is concluded that metabolic and endogenous energy should be taken into account for correcting metabolizable energy values when food intake is close to maintenance requirement, especially with adult birds.

scholarly journals Effects of Consuming Sugar-Sweetened Beverages for 2 Weeks on 24-h Circulating Leptin Profiles, Ad Libitum Food Intake and Body Weight in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree M. Sigala ◽  
Adrianne M. Widaman ◽  
Bettina Hieronimus ◽  
Marinelle V. Nunez ◽  
Vivien Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Ad Libitum

Sugar-sweetened beverage (sugar-SB) consumption is associated with body weight gain. We investigated whether the changes of (Δ) circulating leptin contribute to weight gain and ad libitum food intake in young adults consuming sugar-SB for two weeks. In a parallel, double-blinded, intervention study, participants (n = 131; BMI 18–35 kg/m2; 18–40 years) consumed three beverages/day containing aspartame or 25% energy requirement as glucose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or sucrose (n = 23–28/group). Body weight, ad libitum food intake and 24-h leptin area under the curve (AUC) were assessed at Week 0 and at the end of Week 2. The Δbody weight was not different among groups (p = 0.092), but the increases in subjects consuming HFCS- (p = 0.0008) and glucose-SB (p = 0.018) were significant compared with Week 0. Subjects consuming sucrose- (+14%, p < 0.0015), fructose- (+9%, p = 0.015) and HFCS-SB (+8%, p = 0.017) increased energy intake during the ad libitum food intake trial compared with subjects consuming aspartame-SB (−4%, p = 0.0037, effect of SB). Fructose-SB decreased (−14 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.0006) and sucrose-SB increased (+25 ng/mL × 24 h, p = 0.025 vs. Week 0; p = 0.0008 vs. fructose-SB) 24-h leptin AUC. The Δad libitum food intake and Δbody weight were not influenced by circulating leptin in young adults consuming sugar-SB for 2 weeks. Studies are needed to determine the mechanisms mediating increased energy intake in subjects consuming sugar-SB.

Energy requirements for maintenance and growth of captive harbour seals, Phoca vitulina

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hedlund Markussen ◽  
Morten Ryg ◽  
Nils Are Øritsland
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Phoca Vitulina ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum

Four captive harbour seals were fed with herring both at restricted and at ad libitum levels during 1985 to 1988. The maintenance requirement, calculated from the x-intercept of the regression, was 194 ± 71 kcal∙kg body weight−0.75∙day−1. Assuming that metabolizable energy is 82.8% of gross energy, the maintenance requirement is 161 kcal∙kg body weight−0.75∙day−1. There was no significant difference in maintenance requirement between individuals or between age classes, and neither was there any significant difference between seasons. The gross energy requirement of growth was 909 kcal/100 g.

Net utilization of roughage and concentrate diets by sheep

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Wilke ◽  
F. J. Van Der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement ◽  
Body Energy

1. Two diets, an all-roughage diet and a high-concentrate diet, were fed at two levels, a low level of estimated 1.5 times maintenance energy requirement and a higher level of estimated two times maintenance energy requirement, to South African Mutton Merino castrated male sheep, aged 13 months and in fairly lean condition at the start of the 93 d experimental period..2. Body composition and energy retention were determined using the comparative slaughter technique and two series of digestibility and balance studies were done during the course of the experiment. Metabolizability of each diet was estimated and corrected for fermentation heat using the fermentation balance approach..3. Although there were significantly different rates of energy gain on different diets and feeding levels, fat energy gained (% total energy gained) was similar for the four groups, i.e. 78–80..4. Regression of energy gain v. corrected metabolizable energy (ME) intake indicated that the maintenance energy requirements of sheep used in this experiment were 310.2 and 302.3 kJ ME/kg body-weight0.75 per d and the values for net utilization of ME for body energy gain were 0.411 and 0.479 with the roughage and concentrate diets respectively..5. It was concluded that the estimated maintenance energy requirements of sheep obtained in this study are realistic values and that the efficiency of utilization of surplus ME for the two diets did not differ significantly.

Phenotypic variation in residual food intake of mice at different ages and its relationship with efficiency of growth, maintenance and body composition

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Archer ◽  
W. S. Pitchford
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Young Mice

AbstractFood intake and body weight of 119 mice was measured from 3 to 18 weeks of age. Residual food intake was calculated for each week as the variation in food intake independent of variation in weight gain, weight maintained and sex. Growth efficiency and maintenance requirement were calculated by fitting curves to data from 3 to 18 weeks. The repeatability of residual food intake was low in young mice, but increased as they matured. Growth efficiency was correlated with residual food intake in very young mice. Residual food intake was not correlated with maintenance requirement in young mice, but as mice matured the correlation of residual food intake with maintenance requirement increased to 0·6. Body composition at maturity was correlated with residual food intake and maintenance requirement of mature mice, but a large proportion of the variation in residual food intake and maintenance requirement was independent of body composition. The results suggest that the age at which residual food intake is measured is important if it is to be used as a criterion for selection for efficiency.

scholarly journals Maintenance energy requirement as a direct linear function of body weight

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-322
Author(s):  
E. Furstenber ◽  
J. S. Keller ◽  
J. Bujko ◽  
S. Halilu Bawa
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Function ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement

PSXI-29 Effects of feed restriction on blood constituent concentrations in hair sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 487-487
Author(s):  
Dereje L Tadesse ◽  
Ryszard Puchala ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Arthur L Goetsch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Blood Constituent ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement

Abstract Forty-six Dorper, 47 Katahdin, and 41 St. Croix female sheep (initial body weight of 62, 62, and 51 kg, respectively, SEM=1.43; 3.8±0.18 yr of age) from 45 commercial farms in Midwest, Northwest, Southeast, and central Texas regions of the United States were used to evaluate effects of feed restriction on concentrations of blood constituents. A 50% concentrate pelleted diet was fed, with the amount varied in the first 4 wk to achieve stable BW. The amount of feed offered in wk 5–10 was set at 55% of that consumed in wk 3–4. Blood was sampled at the end of wk 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10, with constituent levels in wk 4 and 10 assumed relevant to conditions with different maintenance energy requirements (i.e., fed at maintenance and approximately 43% lower with restricted intake). There were some differences among breeds such as ones based on samples collected at all times in urea nitrogen (14.0, 13.7, and 15.4 mg/dl; SEM=0.31) and creatinine (0.945, 0.836, and 0.809 mg/dl for Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix, respectively; SEM=0.0253) but relatively few among regions and only one interaction between week and breed or region. There was a trend for a difference (P = 0.051) between wk 4 and 10 in the concentration of glucose (51.9 and 54.2 mg/dl; SEM=0.90), and there were differences (P &lt; 0.05) in levels of lactate (23.9 and 20.3 mg/dl; SEM=0.89), urea N (16.4 and 13.0 mg/dl; SEM= 0.25), creatinine (0.808 and 0.919 mg/dl; SEM=0.0165), triglycerides (31.8 and 25.5 mg/dl; SEM=0.63), cholesterol (67.5 and 74.7 mg/dl; SEM=1.66), and cortisol (10.55 and 8.31 ng/ml for wk 4 and 10, respectively; SEM=0.0542). In conclusion, similar responses of different hair sheep breeds in blood constituent levels to feed restriction is in accordance with comparable effects on body weight and the maintenance energy requirement previously reported.

scholarly journals The effects of plane of nutrition and environmental temperature on the energy metabolism of the growing pig

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Close ◽  
L. E. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Extra Food ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Balances

1. The heat losses and energy balances of thirty-eight individually housed pigs (initial body-weights 21–38 kg) were measured continuously for periods of 14 d when they were maintained at environmental temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30°. At each temperature four levels of feeding were given approximating to once, twice and three times the maintenance energy intake and the ad lib. level. The minimal maintenance energy requirement (M) was calculated to be 440 kJ metabolizable energy (me)/kg0.75 per d at 25°.2. me intake at the ad lib. level decreased from 1965 kJ/kg0.75 per d at 10° to 1202 at 30°.3. Heat loss calculated from multiple regression analysis decreased to minimum levels between 20 and 25° 30° was within the hyperthermic zone at each plane of nutrition.4. The partition of heat loss into its sensible and evaporative components showed that evaporation increased from 25% at 10° to 78% at 30°.5. Critical temperature was dependent upon food intake and decreased from 23.1° at M to 20.7° at 2M, 18.0° at 3M and 16.7° at 4M.6. The extra food required to meet extra thermoregulatory heat production per 1° below the effective critical temperature was 0.65 g/kg body-weight per d.

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