ABOMASAL PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS IN STEERS FED DIFFERENT PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. AMOS ◽  
C. O. LITTLE ◽  
D. G. ELY ◽  
G. E. MITCHELL Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Plasma Leucine ◽  
Nonessential Amino Acids ◽  
Different Sources

The quantities of nitrogen, protein, essential and nonessential amino acids reaching the abomasum of steers fed three different sources of supplemental nitrogen were estimated. When corn gluten meal (CGM) was the nitrogen supplement, more total nitrogen, protein, essential and nonessential amino acids reached the abomasum daily than were observed with distiller’s dried solubles (DDS) or soybean meal (SBM) supplements. Corn gluten meal resulted in significantly more total grams of abomasal isoleucine, leucine, methionine and phenylalanine reaching the abomasum. No differences were observed between DDS or SBM in total nitrogen, protein or essential amino acids reaching the abomasum. The molar percentage of plasma lysine was higher and threonine lower when CGM was fed than the values obtained when either DDS or SBM were fed. Lower plasma leucine and phenylalanine were observed when the DDS-supplemented ration was fed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the dietary protein using an optimized HPLC method

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1345-1355
Author(s):  
I. Maros ◽  
A. Untea ◽  
C. Dragomir ◽  
M. Olteanu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Gaussian Shape ◽  
Corn Gluten

Protein quality is determined by the type and concentration of the essential amino acids and by their bioavailability. Hence, the content of dietary essential amino acids from a protein or mixture of proteins is a factor which determines the feeding quality of the protein. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the quality of the protein from a high protein raw ingredient (corn gluten) using a chromatographic method (HPLC) under optimized experimental conditions. In this study, we used pre-column derivatization, separation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV detection. The optimized method was used to determine the amino acids from high-protein raw ingredients commonly used in animal feeding (corn gluten, 61%CP). A set of 6 amino acids analyses has been performed in 6 different days, each sample being prepared in double. For characterization of data strings we used quality parameters: average, standard deviation, standard error, confidence level, precision, accuracy. For verifying the Gaussian shape of the strings we used the Kernel Density. For identifying and rejecting the outliers from the data strings we used the Q test. The very low values of the accuracy for several amino acids (glutamic acid, threonine, alanine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine) determined us to introduce the dilution stage (1:2) for the hydrolysed samples. The method can be considered as repeatable (precision in different days) and accurate (evaluation by tracing yields) for all the determined amino acids.

The screening and preliminary construction of quality mutant population for cultivar “Nipponbare” in japonica rice (Oryza sativa)

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Zhang ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Guan Li ◽  
Chun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Mutant Population ◽  
Nonessential Amino Acids

AbstractProgenies of Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare induced with 0.4% ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) were screened for quality mutants and the preliminary quality mutant population was constructed in present experiment. A total of 2210 materials were first screened using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) from which 208 quality mutants were obtained for a second screening and then yielded 73 quality mutants including amylase content (AC), gel consistency (GC), gelatinization temperature (GT), protein content (PC), rapid viscosity analysis (RVA) parameters and amino acid contents. The screening yielded 11 PC mutants with a mutation frequency of 4.98‰, followed by 7 rice floury viscosity mutants (3.17‰), 5 AC mutants (2.26‰), 4 chalky mutants, GT and GC mutants (1.81‰), and 2 ASV mutants (0.9‰). The relative contents of 17 kinds of amino acid mutations, including 7 kinds for essential amino acids and 10 kinds for nonessential amino acids were identified. With the variation of 10% as the screening standard, mutants were obtained for lysine and leucine at 0.45‰ and for valine at 4.98‰, but no mutants were found for isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine. For nonessential amino acids, mutants of glutamic (0.45‰), arginine (3.62‰), alanine (3.17‰), serine (0.45‰), glycine (0.45‰), tyrosine (1.81‰), proline (2.71‰), and histidine (0.45‰) were obtained, but none was found for aspartic, phenylalanine nor threonine. At 100% as the screening standard for methionine and cysteines, the mutation frequency of these two amino acid mutants were 0.9‰ and 4.98‰ respectively. Quality mutants in this preliminary library of rice could play important role in gene function and breeding of rice quality.

scholarly journals True and apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids of feed in Nile tilapia

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Moisés Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
True Digestibility

It was determined in this work the coefficients of apparent and true digestibility of protein and amino acids of five feeds (corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, fish meal) in Nile tilapia. It was used 252 reverted Thai strain Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in growth phase, with weight of 310 ± 9.68 g, distributed in experimental randomized blocks design, with five treatments, six replicates per treatment and seven fish per experimental unit. Each experimental diet contained a single source of protein, composed by the studied ingredients. An additional group of fish was fed protein-free diet for quantification of the endogenous fraction and determination of true digestibility coefficients. Digestibility was estimated by the indirect method by using chromium oxide at the concentration of 0.50% of the diet as a marker, performing fecal collection at every four hour interval by using decantation technique. Coefficients of apparent digestibility of the protein and amino acids are: corn, 83.57 and 82.45%; wheat bran 82.87 and 81.47%; soybean meal 91.12 and 89.41%; corn gluten meal 90.07 and 87.78%; fish meal 83.53 and 81.65% respectively. Coefficients of true digestibility of protein and the mean of the amino acids are: corn, 90.02 and 89.60%; wheat bran 89.62 and 89.14%; soybean meal 93.58 and 91.88%; corn gluten meal 92.50 and 90.34%; fish meal 86.01 and 84.27%, respectively.

USE OF GLUTAMIC ACID-U-C14 TO DETERMINE NUTRITIONALLY ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS FOR LARVAE OF THE BLOW FLY, PHORMIA REGINA

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kasting ◽  
A. J. McGinnis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Phormia Regina ◽  
Blow Fly ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The production of C14O2 by third-instar larvae of the blow fly, Phormia regina Meig., after it was injected with glutamic acid-U-C14, indicates that this substrate was metabolized under these conditions. However, the nutritionally essential amino acids lysine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and threonine, isolated from the injected larvae, contained little radioactivity. A low level of radioactivity in arginine, histidine, and methionine suggests that they were slowly synthesized. The nutritionally non-essential amino acids alanine, serine, aspartic acid, and proline contained large quantities of radioactivity; tyrosine and glycine were exceptions. These results, in agreement with earlier work that used glucose-U-C14, show that radioactivity data are useful for determining certain of the nutritionally essential amino acids.

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen fertilization on metabolisms of essential and non-essential amino acids in field-grown grain maize (Zea mays L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lošák ◽  
J. Hlušek ◽  
R. Filipčík ◽  
L. Pospíšilová ◽  
J. Maňásek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
N Dose ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

In two-year field experiments, nitrogen (N) in the form of urea (0, 120 and 240 kg N/ha) was applied to grain maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid KWS 2376. The two-year mean content of total grain N at harvest was 1.54%. The highest N dose reduced most of the 17 amino acids (AA) analysed in the grain compared with the other treatments. Possible reasons for this could be an adverse effect on the tricarboxylic acid cycle or deficiency of carbon skeletons for the assimilation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> into amides and amino acids. The content of the limiting amino acid lysine was not influenced by N fertilisation, with a mean two-year content of 2.02 mg/g DM. Taking into account the differences in fertilisation, the effect of the year was seen in the maximal accumulation of amino acids serine, proline, methionine, threonine, arginine and lysine. Increasing rates of nitrogen reduced the accumulation of asparagine and glycine, and, on the contrary, increased the accumulation of tyrosine. Nitrogen rates have a significant effect on the maximal accumulation of valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine, cysteine and alanine and appeared as early as after the first increased rate of nitrogen (120 kg N/ha).

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of ingredients in diets for Salminus brasiliensis

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga ◽  
Ricardo Borghesi ◽  
José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Salminus Brasiliensis ◽  
Spray Dried

The objective of this work was to determine the nutritional value of different protein sources for "dourado" (Salminus brasiliensis). Thirty juveniles per group (33.51±1.4 g) were hand fed on a reference diet (70%) added of tested ingredients (30%) and chromium oxide III (0.1%). Apparent digestibility coefficients of the gross energy (ADC GE), crude protein (ADC CP) and amino acids of the tested ingredients were evaluated. Corn gluten meal yielded the best results for ADC GE and ADC CP (95.7 and 96.9%, respectively) amongst plant ingredients. Spray-dried blood meal yielded the best values of ADC GE and ADC CP amongst animal ingredients (94.1 and 96.3%, respectively). Wheat bran yielded poorest ADCs coefficients (77 for ADC GE and 88.2% for ADC CP).

The effect of starvation and low nitrogen intakes on the concentration of free amino acids in the blood plasma and on the nitrogen metabolism in sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Crossbred wethers were given a control diet (8 g nitrogen, 730 g dry matter daily) or a low nitrogen diet (0.5 g nitrogen, 520 g dry matter daily) or starved, for a 12 or 20 day experimental period. The concentrations of free serine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, histidine, and arginine in the plasma of the starved sheep decreased significantly while the concentrations of lysine, 3-methylhistidine, and isoleucine increased significantly. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids increased from 0.35 to 0.56 in the starved sheep. In sheep on the low nitrogen diet, the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids in the plasma decreased from 0.40 to 0.27, with significant increases in the concentrations of glutanlic acid, glutamine, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, and 3-methylhistidine. Starvation and the low nitrogen diet both resulted in a reduction of the plasma urea concentrations. Starvation and the low nitrogen diet resulted in a 20-50 % reduction in the flow of saliva and a 40-78% increase in the concentration of total nitrogen. This resulted in no significant change in the daily secretion of nitrogen in the saliva. The concentration of urea in the saliva was increased by 3-54%. The concentrations of individual free amino acids in saliva are reported. The nitrogen content of the rumen was reduced, and after 7 days of starvation or on the low nitrogen diet all rumen nitrogen could be attributed to ammonia and free �-amino nitrogen.

scholarly journals Inter-Individual Nectar Chemistry Changes of Field Scabious, Knautia arvensis

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Christine Venjakob ◽  
Sara Leonhardt ◽  
Alexandra-Maria Klein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Nectar Chemistry

Nectar is crucial to maintain plant-pollinator mutualism. Nectar quality (nutritional composition) can vary strongly between individuals of the same plant species. The factors driving such inter-individual variation have however not been investigated closer. We investigated nectar quality of field scabious, Knautia arvensis in different grassland plant communities varying in species composition and richness to assess whether nectar quality can be affected by the surrounding plant community. We analyzed (with high performance liquid chromatography) the content of carbohydrates, overall amino acids, and essential amino acids. Amino acid and carbohydrate concentrations and proportions varied among plant individuals and with the surrounding plant community but were not related to the surrounding plant species richness. Total and individual carbohydrate concentrations were lowest, while proportions of the essential amino acids, valine, isoleucine, leucine (all phagostimulatory), and lysine were highest in plant species communities of the highest diversity. Our results show that K. arvensis nectar chemistry varies with the composition of the surrounding plant community, which may alter the taste and nutritional value and thus affect the plant’s visitor spectrum and visitation rate. However, the strong inter-individual variation in nectar quality requires additional studies (e.g., in semi-field studies) to disentangle different biotic and abiotic factors contributing to inter-individual nectar chemistry in a plant-community context.

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