scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS OF VARIOUS PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERS TO DIGESTIBLE ENERGY IN WHEAT AND BARLEY CULTIVARS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BHATTY ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON ◽  
F. W. SOSULSKI ◽  
B. L. HARVEY ◽  
G. R. HUGHES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Bulk Weight ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Seventeen cultivars of hard and soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and 29 cultivars of two-row and six-row barley (Hordeum distichum and H. vulgare) were examined for bulk weight (BW), 1,000-kernel weight (KW) and plumpness, and analyzed for gross composition, amylose, gross energy (GE), β-glucan (barley only), and for sedimentation (wheat only). Digestion coefficients and digestible energy (DE) values of the cultivars were determined by mouse-feeding. The ranges in protein, starch, amylose, and GE varied from 5 to 15%, whereas ether extract, fiber, ash and β-glucan contents varied from 1 to 3%. Except for sedimentation in wheat, and plumpness in barley there were no major differences in physical or chemical characters between hard and soft wheats or between two- and six-row barley. In wheat, DE was significantly correlated with BW (−0.59, P < 0.05), KW (−0.53, P < 0.05), plumpness (−0.55, P < 0.05), fiber (+0.72, P < 0.01), ash (−0.52, P < 0.05), sedimentation (−0.57, P < 0.05) and GE (+0.97, P < 0.01). Digestion coefficient was significantly correlated with protein (−0.58, P < 0.05), ash (−0.56, P < 0.05), and sedimentation (−0.57, P < 0.05). In barley, DE was significantly correlated with protein (+0.41, P < 0.05) and GE (+0.82, P < 0.01), and digestion coefficient was significantly correlated with BW (+0.55, P < 0.01), plumpness (+0.45, P < 0.05), ether extract (+0.50, P < 0.01), and fiber (−0.52, P < 0.01). For use as selection criteria the most significant correlations were between DE and GE and sedimentation in wheat, and between DE and GE in barley.

AN ASSESSMENT OF BULK WEIGHT AND OTHER SIMPLE CRITERIA FOR PREDICTING THE DIGESTIBLE ENERGY VALUES OF FEED GRAINS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. CHRISTISON ◽  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Weight Density ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Bulk Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Gross Energy

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oats (Avena sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) typical of the ranges in bulk weight (density) and quality found in the commercial grain trade of Canada were analyzed for protein, gross energy, ether extract, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, ash, cell wall content and lignin, and also measured for kernel plumpness. Effects of admixtures of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) were studied. Samples were fed to mice to obtain digestibility coefficients. Statistical correlations between analyzed traits and digestible energy (DE) contents of the grains and admixtures were obtained. Various published equations for predicting DE were tested. There was too little variation in the DE values of wheat to warrant distinction on this basis. Bulk weight was useful for differentiating oats on a DE basis. For barley, both gross energy and crude fiber determinations were needed to permit a reliable estimation of DE.

Digestible energy content of cereals and wheat by-products for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S Batterham ◽  
C. E. Lewis ◽  
R. F. Lowe ◽  
C. J. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
Proximate Analyses

ABSTRACT1. The digestible energy content of eight samples of barley, sorghum, wheat, weather-damaged wheat and wheat by-products produced from different regions of eastern Australia was determined using growing pigs. The relationships between physical and chemical composition and digestible energy content of the meals were studied.2. The mean and range in digestible energy (MJ/kg, air-dry basis) were, respectively: barleys 12·7 (12·4 to 13·0), sorghums 14·4 (14·1 to 14·9), wheats 14·4 (14·0 to 15·0), weather-damaged wheats 14·1 (12·9 to 14·9) and wheat by-products 12·4 (10·9 to 14·1).3. All possible regressions of digestible energy content against density, gross energy and proximate analyses of the meals were screened to select useful relationships. These screens indicated that, with the exception of wheat by-products, the majority of variation in digestible energy was due to gross energy and fibre. For wheat by-products, a combination of density and fibre accounted for most of the variation.4. Prediction equations had the most application to weather-damaged wheats, wheat by-products and a combination of all samples.5. There was no indication that neutral-detegent fibre was superior to crude fibre as a predictor of digestible energy in cereals for pigs.

Predicting the digestibility of winter deer browse from its proximate composition

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1201-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Mautz ◽  
Helenette Silver ◽  
Haven H. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Deer Browse ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Trials

Digestion data obtained from feeding trials with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were analyzed for their relationship to concentration of protein, crude fiber, ether extract, nitrogen-free extract, and gross energy. Multiple regression analyses showed a significant relationship between digestible dry matter, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, digestible ether extract, digestible nitrogen-free extract, and different combinations of the above-mentioned proximate components. Predictive equations are presented for each of these variables. The multiple regression of digestible energy had a standard error representing ± 9% of the estimated mean, while this value for metabolizable energy was ± 12%. The between-animal variation determined during actual Feeding trials was about ± 15% for deer consuming the same browse. The equation for predicting metabolizable energy should have practical use in providing an estimate of winter browse nutritional quality.

Eucalyptus Digestibility and Digestible Energy Requirements of Adult Male Koalas, Phascolarctos Cinereus (Marsupialia).

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Ullrey ◽  
PT Robinson ◽  
PA Whetter
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Dietary Acid

Three adult male koalas were individually fed on a diet of Eucalyptus melliodora, E. robusta and E. sideroxylon plus trace mineral salt and water to appetite. Fresh browse was offered daily for 14 days before and 7 days during quantitative collection of faeces. Samples of browse representing plant parts consumed were collected, and acid lignin ratio techniques were used to estimate nutrient digestibility. Apparent digestibility of DM was 54-70%, gross energy 47-64%, crude protein 32-50%, ether extract 37-50%, neutral detergent fibre 23-57% and acid detergent fibre 9-55%. Total faecal acid lignin excretion was used to estimate digestible energy (DE) intake. Since bodyweights (W) were maintained during the study, daily DE requirements for adult maintenance were estimated to range from 257 to 411 kJ/W0.75. If an 87% recovery in the faeces of dietary acid lignin was assumed, estimated DE requirements for adult maintenance ranged from 312 to 439 kJ/W0.75. These values are lower than commonly accepted interspecific values for eutherians but are consistent with evidence that the koala has a relatively low basal metabolic rate.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND DIGESTIBLE ENERGY OF BARLEY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BHATTY ◽  
J. D. BERDAHL ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Starch Composition ◽  
High Amylose

Digestibility of energy (D) and digestible energy (DE) content of 16 cultivars and lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare and H. distichum) were determined by mouse-feeding and related to 1,000-kernel weight (KW), plumpness (seed size), hull, protein, lysine, starch, amylose and gross energy (GE) of the cultivars. The experimental design allowed paired comparisons to be made of D and DE between the hulled vs. hulless types, small vs. large-seeded, normal vs. high lysine, low vs. high amylose, and good vs. poor malting quality of the cultivars. The data obtained showed that KW, plumpness and lysine contents of barley had little effect on D and DE. Although four cultivar pairs (II, III, IV, and VIII) had variable starch composition, only in pair IV did high amylose content reduce D. The data appeared to suggest that good malting quality in barley is not incompatible with high D and DE as determined by mouse-feeding. The hull content of the cultivars had a major influence both on D and DE. The mean D and DE values for the six hulless cultivars were 85.7% and 3,918 kcal/kg compared with means of 79.2% and 3,627 kcal/kg for the 10 hulled cultivars.

TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES FOR POULTRY OF CANADIAN BARLEYS MEASURED BY BIOASSAY AND PREDICTED FROM PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. SIBBALD ◽  
K. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Canadian barleys, having bulk densities ranging from 40.0 to 70.2 kg/hl, were assayed for true metabolizable energy (TME), gross energy, ether extract, crude fibre, protein, ash, calcium, phosphorus, starch and sugar. Regression analysis showed that from 76 to 84% of the variation in TME values was accounted for by published techniques for predicting metabolizable energy values from chemical composition data. The TME value of barley was correlated with bulk density (r = 0.912 at 29 df) and crude fibre (−0.904 at 30 df). There were also highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations between TME and starch (0.833), starch + sugar (0.838) and ash (−0.758). Earlier studies have not found close relationships between metabolizable energy and the aforementioned physical and chemical parameters. The probable explanation is that TME values are not affected by variations in feed intake associated with differences in palatability whereas the earlier energy measures were subject to this form of variation.

INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE LEVELS AND PLANTING DATES ON YIELD AND CHEMICAL FRACTIONS IN TWO BARLEY CULTIVARS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE FEDAK ◽  
A. R. MACK
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Gross Energy

Two barley (H. vulgare L. emend Lam.) cultivars, Brock and Fergus, were seeded at four planting dates into plots maintained at three moisture levels at Ottawa in 1971. Increasing moisture levels resulted in increased grain and protein yield, increased ash content of the grain, and decreased grain protein content. Similarly, straw yields were increased as straw protein content decreased. Delayed seeding resulted in increased protein content, K, β-glucan and fibre but decreased yield, protein yield and ash content. The same treatments produced lower straw yield but higher protein and K content. Cultivar differences were observed for grain and protein yield, K, β-glucan, fibre and ash content. The treatments showed no significant effects on the P, ether extract or gross energy of the grain of either cultivar.

THE TOTAL AND DIGESTIBLE YIELD OF NUTRIENTS IN BARLEY CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE PEACE RIVER AREA OF ALBERTA FED TO GROWING SWINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
W. C. SAUER ◽  
H. JØRGENSEN ◽  
P. A. THACKER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Gross Energy

Seven barrows (Yorkshire × Lacombe) weighing 40 kg at the beginning and 95 kg at the end of the experiment were used in a latin square design experiment to determine the apparent digestibility of selected nutrients in barley cultivars. Seven barley cultivars, representing both six-rowed (Gateway, Klondike, Bonanza and Galt) and two-rowed (Klages, Fairfield and Betzes) varieties, grown on demonstration plots in the Peace River area of Alberta, were tested. Apparent dry matter digestibilities ranged from 82.9% for Galt to 85.7% for Klages (P < 0.05). Protein digestibility ranged from 65.2% for Galt to 69.4% for Betzes. Coefficients of digestion for gross energy ranged from 81.2% for Galt to 84.2% for Klages (P < 0.05). Lysine digestibility ranged from 48.1% for Galt to 61.7% for Bonanza (P < 0.05). Based on long-term average yields, gross and digestible energy yield per hectare were highest from Galt, followed by Klondike, Klages, Fairfield, Bonanza, Betzes and Gateway. Total and digestible yield of protein was highest for Galt and lowest for Klages. However, in terms of total and available yield of lysine, Bonanza ranked the highest. Fairfield had the highest yield of grain, gross energy and digestible energy, based on actual plot yields, followed by Klondike, Bonanza, Gateway, Klages, Betzes and Galt. Yields of total and available protein and lysine from actual plot data were highest for Bonanza and lowest for Galt. Key words: Digestibility, barley, composition, cultivar, swine

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES FOR POULTRY AND SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA DESCRIBING CANADIAN WHEATS, OATS AND BARLEYS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. SIBBALD ◽  
K. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Thirty-five samples of wheat, 28 samples of oats and 40 samples of barley were assayed for metabolizable energy, dry matter, bulk weight, 1,000-kernel weight, gross energy, nitrogen, ether extract, crude fibre, soluble sugars, starch, ash, calcium, total phosphorus and phytin phosphorus. The resulting data were used to test a series of indirect assays for metabolizable energy and to develop new prediction equations based on the same and different combinations of variables. Regression equations fitted to the sample data did not perform significantly better than the prediction equations found in the literature. Over the limited range of variation represented in the samples, no linear trends were found that contradicted the parameters of the prediction equations. However, certain of the prediction equations were found to be more successful than others.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FROST DAMAGE ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY OF WHEAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. SALMON ◽  
J. B. O’NEIL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Bulk Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Dietary Energy Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The relationships between the physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of a series of samples of frost-damaged wheat have been studied. The five cleaned samples ranged in bulk weight from 83.7 to 57.9 kg/hi (65 to 45 lb/bu). As bulk weight decreased, 1,000-kernel weight and available carbohydrate were found to decrease and crude fibre to increase. Available carbohydrate and crude fibre, but not bulk weight, were highly correlated with true metabolizable energy (TME), which ranged from 3.91 to 3.22 kcal/g. Equations were derived for prediction of TME from available carbohydrate or crude fibre. Body weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion decreased with increasing frost damage when the wheat was fed to growing turkeys at 50% of the diet. The restoration of dietary energy density, using animal fat, reversed these effects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document