EFFECTS OF WINTER ACCLIMATIZATION ON RESTING METABOLISM OF BEEF COWS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Downward Shift ◽  
Resting Metabolism

Twelve pregnant beef cows in average or fat body condition were overwintered in either heated housing (18 C) or outside and exposed to the naturally occurring cold winter conditions (5 to −10 C during early winter, 0 to −48 C during mid-winter). The housed and half of the outside cows were provided with woodshavings as bedding. In November (early winter) and again in January (mid-winter) metabolic measurements were made on each cow (22 h postfeeding) while exposed to test temperatures of −30, 0 and + 30 C. After adjusting for differences in body weight (kg3/4 basis), metabolic rate was not significantly influenced by either the body condition or by the availability of bedding. Metabolic rates were elevated in all cows when exposed to −30 C but, as evident from the decreases in rectal temperature, the housed cows were unable to maintain homeothermy during the tests at −30 C. Metabolic acclimatization occurred in the cows kept outside resulting in an increased resting metabolism and downward shift in their thermoneutral zone. Resting metabolic rate (22 h postfeeding) and the temperature of its occurrance were estimated by regression analysis to be 3.13 kcal/h.kg3/4 at about 30 C for the housed cows, and for the cows kept outside 3.71 and 4.29 kcal/h.kg3/4 at 17.4 and 12.7 C during early and mid-winter, respectively.

Effect of herbage allowance on productive and reproductive responses of primiparous beef cows grazing on Campos grassland

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Claramunt ◽  
Andrea Fernández-Foren ◽  
Pablo Soca
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Condition Score

The effects of two levels of herbage allowance (HA, kg DM/kg liveweight (LW)) on forage mass and chemical composition, cow body condition score, cow LW, stocking rate, productive and reproductive responses were evaluated during two consecutive years. Eighty primiparous spring-calving beef cows were allocated to a completely randomised block design of two HA that had an annual average of 2.5 (low) and 4.0 kg DM/kg LW (high) from –150 to 195 days postpartum. The grazing system was continuous, and the put-and-take method was employed to adjust HA. At 86 ± 12 days postpartum, all cows were submitted to calf suckling restrictions with nose plates (12 days) and dietary flushing (2 kg/cow.day of whole-rice bran for 22 days), 6 days before bull introduction. Forage mass was affected by HA (P = 0.004) and year (P = 0.014); the high HA had a greater forage mass than the low HA (1474 vs 1212 ± 86 kg DM/ha; P < 0.05), and Year 2 had a greater forage mass than Year 1 (1545 vs 1134 ± 78 kg DM/ha; P < 0.05). Stocking rate was affected by HA and season (P = 0.0004) interaction. The stocking rate during autumn and spring was greater in low than high HA, and no differences were identified in winter and summer. The body condition score was improved in high HA during autumn and resulted in a greater winter (mid-gestation) body condition score than the low HA without differences during spring-summer (postpartum). Cow LW was lower during autumn, winter and early postpartum (16 days postpartum) in low HA in Year 1 than high HA of Year 1 and high and low HA cows in Year 2. Furthermore, the probability of total pregnancies (0.88 vs 0.59 ± 0.07; P = 0.01) and the calf weight adjusted to 205 days (194 vs 175 ± 16 kg; P < 0.05) were greater in high HA. Calf weight adjusted to 205 days (Year 1: 192 vs Year 2: 177 ± 16 kg; P < 0.05) and survival curves of postpartum anoestrus (P = 0.01) were affected by year but did not affect the probability of conception, early or total pregnancies. In conclusion, the reproductive and productive responses of primiparous beef cows grazing Campos grasslands were improved in high HA and could contribute to alleviating adverse climatic conditions effects.

scholarly journals SUMMIT METABOLISM OF NEWBORN CALVES WITH AND WITHOUT COLOSTRUM FEEDING

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. OKAMOTO ◽  
J. B. ROBINSON ◽  
R. J. CHRISTOPHERSON ◽  
B. A. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
Time Required

Resting and summit metabolic rates were measured in 13 newborn (2.5–15 h old) male Holstein calves exposed to warm and cold tempertures in a water immersion system. Six calves were bottle fed 1 kg of colostrum 30 min before the measurements commenced. In the remaining seven calves, colostrum was withheld until after the end of the measurement period. There were no significant effects of colostrum feeding on resting or summit metabolic rates or the time required for rectal temperature to drop to 35 °C when the calves were immersed in cold water. The time required for rectal temperature to drop to 35 °C increased as the body weight of the calves increased; for each kilogram additional body weight, cooling was delayed for an extra 2.9 min. The resting metabolic rate averaged for both feeding treatments was 2.0 ± 0.1 W kg−1 while mean rectal temperature was 39.1 ± 0.2 °C. Mean summit metabolic rate was 7.2 ± 0.4 W kg−1 and occurred at a mean rectal temperature of 35.4 ± 0.3 °C. The average ratio of the summit to resting metabolic rate was 3.7 ± 0.2. Cooling via water immersion was associated with increases in plasma levels of glucose and free fatty acids. The feeding of 1 kg of colostrum 30 min prior to exposure to acute cold did not improve the apparent resistance of the calves to hypothermia. Key words: Newborn calf, summit metabolism, cold tolerance

Metabolic and endocrine profiles of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland. 1. Relationships between body condition score at calving and metabolic profiles during the transition period

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 856 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Soca ◽  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
M. Claramun ◽  
V. Gestido ◽  
A. Meikle
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Native Grassland ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Condition Score

The body condition score (BCS) at calving has been postulated as the main factor in the interaction of nutrition and reproduction in beef-cow ecosystems. The objective of the present study was to analyse the effect of BCS at calving on endocrine and metabolic profiles during the transition period in primiparous Hereford cows (n = 56) grazing native grassland. Cow BCS was registered and plasma insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and metabolites (concentrations of urea, albumin, cholesterol, total protein, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA)) were determined in plasma from –30 to +45 days postpartum (DPP). The effect of BCS at calving (low ≤3.5 and moderate ≥4; 1–8 visual scale) on BCS evolution and hormone and metabolite concentrations were analysed using a time repeated-measures analysis. Cow BCS, NEFA, urea and IGF-I profiles were affected (P < 0.05) by the BCS at calving and DPP interaction, while insulin tended (P = 0.06) to be affected only by BCS at calving. The low-BCS cows presented a smaller loss of BCS during the prepartum than did moderate-BCS cows, and a delayed BCS recovery during the postpartum. The increase in plasma NEFA was greater (P < 0.05) and started earlier during the prepartum period in the low-BCS cows. Protein concentrations increased during prepartum to +30 DPP, while albumin and urea concentrations were maintained until calving and decreased during the postpartum. Urea concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) during prepartum in low-BCS cows. Concentrations of IGF-I and insulin were greater (P < 0.05) in moderate- than low-BCS cows during prepartum, but did not differ between the groups after calving. No effects were observed in calf weight or milk production at +45 DPP. The association between BCS during prepartum and at calving with the endocrine and metabolic profiles (positive: insulin, IGF-I; negative: NEFA and urea) reflected a better nutritional status and plasticity to negative energy balance on moderate cows. This different endocrine milieu did not affect calf weight and/or milk production. In conclusion, the BCS at calving affected the metabolic and endocrine profile during the transition period of primiparous beef cows grazing native grassland.

scholarly journals The Association of Dietary Acid Load with Resting Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Components in Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Farideh Shiraseb ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Acid Load ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

Abstract Background: Several epidemiologic studies have reported that dietary acid load is associated with metabolic profiles; however, to our knowledge, the relationship of this dietary pattern with resting metabolic rate (RMR) among obese and overweight females remains unreported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary acid load RMR and metabolic components among overweight and obese adult women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 375 Iranian adults, aged 18–48 years. Dietary acid load indexes were calculated by using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Biochemical and anthropometric measures were assessed using standard methods. An impedance fat analyzer was used to obtain the body composition and an indirect calorimeter was used to assess the RMR. Result: It was observed that after correction for potential confounders, DBP and NEAP and PRAL scores were inversely associated (P<0.05). NEAP index was inversely associated with RMR (β= -0.25, 95% CI=-0.1.5 to 2.08, P=0.02), and positively associated with WC (β= 1.009, 95% CI=-1.43 to 3.45, P=0.05) and WHR (β= 0.01, 95% CI= -0.01 to0.04, P=0.03), such that subjects with higher scores in NEAP had lower RMR and higher WC and WHR. We also observed that DAL (β= -0.02, 95% CI= -0.08 to0.03, P=0.08) and PRAL (β= -0.037, 95% CI= -1.05 to 0.03 P=0.07) were marginally associated with RMR.Conclusion:The results of the present study suggested that higher dietary acid load scores may be negatively associated with lower RMR, while directly associated with greater WC, WHR, DBP, and HOMA-IR.

scholarly journals The Association of Dietary Acid Load with Resting Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Components in Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Farideh Shiraseb ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Acid Load ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

Abstract Background: Several epidemiologic studies have reported that dietary acid load is associated with metabolic profiles; however, to our knowledge, the relationship of this dietary pattern with resting metabolic rate (RMR) among obese and overweight females remains unreported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary acid load RMR and metabolic components among overweight and obese adult women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 375 Iranian adults, aged 18–48 years. Dietary acid load indexes were calculated by using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Biochemical and anthropometric measures were assessed using standard methods. An impedance fat analyzer was used to obtain the body composition and an indirect calorimeter was used to assess the RMR. Result: It was observed that after correction for potential confounders, DBP and NEAP and PRAL scores were inversely associated (P<0.05). NEAP index was inversely associated with RMR (β= -0.25, 95% CI=-0.1.5 to 2.08, P=0.02), and positively associated with WC (β= 1.009, 95% CI=-1.43 to 3.45, P=0.05) and WHR (β= 0.01, 95% CI= -0.01 to0.04, P=0.03), such that subjects with higher scores in NEAP had lower RMR and higher WC and WHR. We also observed that DAL (β= -0.02, 95% CI= -0.08 to0.03, P=0.08) and PRAL (β= -0.037, 95% CI= -1.05 to 0.03 P=0.07) were marginally associated with RMR.Conclusion:The results of the present study suggested that higher dietary acid load scores may be negatively associated with lower RMR, while directly associated with greater WC, WHR, DBP, and HOMA-IR.

scholarly journals Metabolic reduction after long-duration flight is not related to fat-free mass loss or flight duration in a migratory passerine

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (19) ◽  
pp. jeb215384
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Gerson ◽  
Joely G. DeSimone ◽  
Elizabeth C. Black ◽  
Morag F. Dick ◽  
Derrick J. Groom
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Resting Metabolism

ABSTRACTMigratory birds catabolize large quantities of protein during long flights, resulting in dramatic reductions in organ and muscle mass. One of the many hypotheses to explain this phenomenon is that decrease in lean mass is associated with reduced resting metabolism, saving energy after flight during refueling. However, the relationship between lean body mass and resting metabolic rate remains unclear. Furthermore, the coupling of lean mass with resting metabolic rate and with peak metabolic rate before and after long-duration flight have not previously been explored. We flew migratory yellow-rumped warblers (Setophaga coronata) in a wind tunnel under one of two humidity regimes to manipulate the rate of lean mass loss in flight, decoupling flight duration from total lean mass loss. Before and after long-duration flights, we measured resting and peak metabolism, and also measured fat mass and lean body mass using quantitative magnetic resonance. Flight duration ranged from 28 min to 600 min, and birds flying under dehydrating conditions lost more fat-free mass than those flying under humid conditions. After flight, there was a 14% reduction in resting metabolism but no change in peak metabolism. Interestingly, the reduction in resting metabolism was unrelated to flight duration or to change in fat-free body mass, indicating that protein metabolism in flight is unlikely to have evolved as an energy-saving measure to aid stopover refueling, but metabolic reduction itself is likely to be beneficial to migratory birds arriving in novel habitats.

Partition of fat, body composition and body condition score in mature cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Wright ◽  
A. J. F. Russel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Friesian Cows

ABSTRACTBody condition score, assessed subjectively on the live animal, was related to the directly determined body composition of 73 mature, non-pregnant, non-lactating cows of Hereford × Friesian, Blue-Grey, Galloway, Luing and British Friesian genotypes. Relationships between condition score and chemically determined body fat were all very highly significant, and considered to be of value for predictive purposes. Differences between genotypes in the proportion of fat stored in the main depots of the body resulted in differences in the relationship between condition score and body fat. British Friesian cows had a higher proportion of their fat in the intra-abdominal depots and the lowest proportion of subcutaneous fat, resulting in their being fatter at any given condition score. Hereford × Friesian cows had the highest proportion of subcutaneous fat and were thus the least fat at any condition score. One unit change in condition score was associated with a change of 2242 (s.e. 103) MJ of body tissue energy in Hereford × Friesian, Blue-Grey, Galloway and Luing cows and 3478 (s.e. 392) MJ in British Friesian cows. These figures may be used to bring a greater degree of precision to the nutritional management of beef and dairy cows.

scholarly journals Costly steroids: egg testosterone modulates nestling metabolic rate in the zebra finch

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tobler ◽  
Jan-Åke Nilsson ◽  
Johan F Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Taeniopygia Guttata ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Nestling Growth ◽  
Prenatal Testosterone ◽  
Yolk Hormones ◽  
Resting Metabolism

The transfer of non-genetic resources from mother to the offspring often has considerable consequences for offspring performance. In birds, maternally derived hormones are known to influence a variety of morphological, physiological and behavioural traits in the chick. So far, the range of these hormonal effects involves benefits in terms of enhanced growth and competitive ability as well as costs in terms of immunosuppression. However, since yolk hormones can enhance growth and begging activity, high levels of these hormones may also involve energetic costs. Here, we show experimentally that elevated levels of prenatal testosterone increase resting metabolic rate in nestling zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ). Surprisingly, however, elevation of prenatal testosterone did not result in higher growth rates and, thus, differences in resting metabolism do not seem to be linked to nestling growth. We conclude that apart from immunosuppressive effects, high levels of egg steroids may also entail costs in terms of increased energy expenditure.

scholarly journals The Association of Dietary Acid Load with Resting Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Components in Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Farideh Shiraseb ◽  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Acid Load ◽  
Dietary Acid ◽  
Acid Load

Abstract Background: Several epidemiologic studies have reported that dietary acid load is associated with metabolic profiles; however, to our knowledge, the relationship of this dietary pattern with resting metabolic rate (RMR) among obese and overweight females remains unreported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary acid load RMR and metabolic components among overweight and obese adult women.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 375 Iranian adults, aged 18–48 years. Dietary acid load indexes were calculated by using a validated 147-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Biochemical and anthropometric measures were assessed using standard methods. An impedance fat analyzer was used to obtain the body composition and an indirect calorimeter was used to assess the RMR. Result: It was observed that after correction for potential confounders, DBP and NEAP and PRAL scores were inversely associated (P<0.05). NEAP index was inversely associated with RMR (β= -0.25, 95% CI=-0.1.5 to 2.08, P=0.02), and positively associated with WC (β= 1.009, 95% CI=-1.43 to 3.45, P=0.05) and WHR (β= 0.01, 95% CI= -0.01 to0.04, P=0.03), such that subjects with higher scores in NEAP had lower RMR and higher WC and WHR. We also observed that DAL (β= -0.02, 95% CI= -0.08 to0.03, P=0.08) and PRAL (β= -0.037, 95% CI= -1.05 to 0.03 P=0.07) were marginally associated with RMR.Conclusion:The results of the present study suggested that higher dietary acid load scores may be negatively associated with lower RMR, while directly associated with greater WC, WHR, DBP, and HOMA-IR.

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