AN AUTOMATED NIPPLE FEEDING SYSTEM FOR ARTIFICIALLY REARING COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED NEONATAL PIGLETS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. McCALLUM ◽  
B. D. OWEN ◽  
M. J. FARMER
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Milk Replacers

An automatic feeding nipple device for the artificial rearing of newborn pigs is described. The 16-piglet unit dispenses individual pre-set volumes of liquid diet at pre-set time intervals into reservoirs which are connected to a nipple positioned in each animal compartment. The automatic feeding nipple device proved effective and reliable in the dispensing of experimental diets employed in studies on the efficacy of immunoglobulin-fortified milk replacers for newborn colostrum-deprived pigs.

PORCINE IMMUNOGLOBULIN-FORTIFIED MILK REPLACERS FOR NEWBORN LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT PIGS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. WHITING ◽  
B. D. OWEN ◽  
R. M. BEAMES ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers

Three experiments were carried out to test, under commercial conditions, the artificial rearing of low-birth-weight (< 0.9 kg) pigs from birth, and incorporation of immunoglobulins in the diet to enhance their survival rate. The results confirmed that the provision of dietary immunoglobulin on the first day after birth has a beneficial effect similar to that of colostrum, but that the feeding of immunoglobulins should continue to at least 21 days of age to maximize survival. Key words: Piglet, artificial rearing, immunoglobulin, colibacillosis

Effect of accommodating sucking and nosing on the behaviour of artificially reared piglets

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Widowski ◽  
Y Yuan ◽  
J M Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Laboratory Facility ◽  
Belly Nosing ◽  
Over Time

Neonatal piglets are often used in biomedical research applications that require artificial rearing. Social housing can be problematic because the piglets develop belly nosing, navel and ear sucking that can result in injury. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of using feeding devices that provide various opportunities for sucking and nosing behaviour on reducing piglet-directed behaviour of group-housed laboratory piglets. Fifteen piglets were used in each of four trials. The piglets nursed their dam for approximately 72 h to obtain passive immunity before transfer to a laboratory facility where they were allotted, five per group, to one of three stainless steel isolator units. Each unit featured a different style of feeding system for the delivery of milk replacer: a plastic trough (T), a nipple (N) mounted on a smooth plexiglass wall, or a nipple mounted on a pliant bag of sterile water (artificial udder [AU]). Each system had five feeding spaces so that all piglets fed simultaneously. Milk was provided at 6-h intervals, and behaviour was recorded on alternate days for 12 days post-weaning. Although trough-fed piglets began to eat much sooner than those piglets fed from nipples, time spent nosing, chewing or sucking on pen-mates and belly nosing were markedly higher in T piglets than in either N or AU, overall (mean: P <0.05) and over time (quadratic: P <0.05). Over time, N piglets developed a stereotypic snout rubbing on the wall behind the nipples, while AU piglets massaged and often fell asleep in contact with the udder from day 2 of the trial. Resting patterns were also affected. N and AU piglets settled down to rest more quickly (P <0.01) and spent significantly more time resting in the hour following feeding than T piglets (P <0.05). A feeding device that accommodates both sucking and massage can significantly reduce piglet-directed behaviour and may facilitate social housing of artificially reared piglets.

SURVIVAL OF COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED NEONATAL PIGLETS FED GAMMA-GLOBULINS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. McCALLUM ◽  
B. D. OWEN ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Milk Replacers

A series of cooperative trials were carried out at the University of Saskatchewan and the Animal Research Institute, Ottawa to determine the oral dosage level of gamma-globulin required for survival of colostrum-deprived piglets reared artificially under practical conditions. Gamma-globulins were derived from either porcine or bovine abattoir blood either by precipitation or by direct lyophilization of serum. The gamma-globulin was fed to the piglets as an integral part of milk replacers. As the level of porcine gamma-globulin fed increased from 0 to 15 g/kg body weight on day 1 and from 0 to 5 g/kg body weight on days 2 through 10, there was a progressive improvement in survival. Conflicting results were obtained with serum-derived bovine gamma-globulin. However, bovine colostrum supported good survival rates. Antibacterial supplementation of milk replacer did not enhance survival and performance. Allowing piglets to nurse the dam for 24 h prior to artificial rearing did not result in improved survival rates. The study indicated that it is possible to raise colostrum-deprived neonatal piglets in an ordinary swine barn environment and achieve survival rates comparable to those presently achieved under natural conditions through the supplementation of milk replacers with gamma-globulin derived from abattoir blood.

Artificial rearing of piglets: the administration of two sources of immunoglobulins after birth

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Varley ◽  
Alison Maitland ◽  
Alison Towle
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Immunoglobulin Class ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTSixty Landrace × Large White piglets were removed from their mothers at birth and allocated to one of five treatments. Treatment A piglets were controls and did not receive any form of passive immunity after birth. Treatment B piglets were given by intraperitoneal injection 20 ml equine serum derived from horses previously hyperimmunized against porcine pathogens. Treatment C piglets received the same equine serum given orally. Treatment D piglets were given 20 ml pooled pig plasma by intraperitoneal injection. Treatment E piglets received the same pig plasma given orally. All piglets were reared to 2 weeks of age in an artificial-rearing device and were automatically fed a liquid diet every hour. Overall survival to 2 weeks of age was 90% (54/60) but treatment did not affect survival. The overall survival after 6 weeks of age was 47% (22/47) deaths being due to a variety of systemic disorders. Overall daily gain to 2 weeks of age was 143 g/day and the food/gain ratio was 0·88. Treatment did not affect performance. The concentrations of immunoglobulin class G (IgG) in the blood were measured at 42, 49 and 56 days of age. There were no differences between the treatment groups in IgG concentrations.

PERFORMANCE OF LAMBS FED MILK REPLACERS HAVING TWO LEVELS OF FAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Milk Replacers

Two experiments were conducted to study the growth performance of lambs artificially reared and fed lamb milk replacers (MR) containing 30% fat (HF) or 24% fat (LF) in the dry powder. Both MR contained 24% crude protein, were identically supplemented with vitamins and minerals and were reconstituted at one part powder to five parts water. There were no differences in weaning weights (WW) or average daily gains (ADG) among the HF vs. LF lambs in the first experiment. In the second experiment both WW and ADG were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for LF lambs compared to HF lambs. There were no differences in ADG among lambs weaned from MR at an average age of 28 days and those weaned at 21 days of age for either of the two MR. The effects of MR fat level were identical at both weaning ages. Survival rates and feed consumption were similar for lambs fed the two MR. It was concluded that the fat level of MR could be reduced to 24% without adversely affecting lamb performance and that such a reduction would have substantial economic benefits because of the lower cost of the MR with the reduced fat level. Key words: Lambs, milk replacers, artificial rearing, fat levels

PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG LAMBS FED A CLOTTING OR A NON-CLOTTING MILK REPLACER

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-996
Author(s):  
JOCELYNE DELISLE ◽  
HÉLÈNE V. PETIT ◽  
FRANCINE GIGUÈRE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Replacers

Sixteen male lambs weighing 2.8 – 5.8 kg and 3–5 d old were fed for 5 wk a clotting milk replacer with or without an oxalate-NaOH buffer known to prevent curd formation in the abomasum. Milk replacers were fed ad libitum at room temperature using formalin (0.1% vol vol−1) as preservative. Dry matter intake and average daily gains were the same (P > 0.05) for both the clotting and the nonclotting milk replacers. Digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and lipids was also similar (P > 0.05) for both treatments. Key words: Lambs, artificial rearing, milk replacer, clotting, coagulation, digestibility

PRACTICAL ARTIFICIAL REARING OF NEONATAL PIGLETS UNDER NON-ISOLATED CONDITIONS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
G. A. LODGE ◽  
THOMAS G. HARTSOCK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Better Than

One hundred and sixty-five piglets, weaned between 8 and 12 h postpartum were reared in non-isolated environments at two locations and fed a milk replacer supplemented with serum-derived porcine immunoglobin. Survival and growth rate of the piglets was as good as or better than that commonly observed among sow-reared piglets.

RAPESEED OIL VERSUS COCONUT OIL AS A SOURCE OF FAT FOR LAMB MILK REPLACERS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1241-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Milk Replacers

Artificially reared lambs were weaned from milk replacer (MR) at 21 days of age. Weaning weights and average daily gains were significantly (P < 0.01) depressed (7.6 and 18%, respectively) for lambs fed MR containing 12% rapeseed oil and 12% tallow compared with those fed a standard MR containing 12% coconut oil and 12% tallow. Lamb survival and MR dry matter consumption were similar for lambs fed the two diets. The results indicate that, under practical conditions, the use of rapeseed oil to provide half of the fat in lamb milk replacers causes a reduction in the performance of lambs artificially reared from birth. Key words: Artificial rearing, lambs, rapeseed oil

EFFECTS OF WARM VERSUS COLD MILK REPLACERS AND OF FREE-CHOICE HAY POSTWEANING ON PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIALLY REARED LAMBS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Reconstituted Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Corn Grain

In two artificial rearing experiments lambs were fed, ad libitum, either cold (4.4–7 °C) or warm (27–31 °C) milk replacer with 0.10% formalin (37%, wt/wt, formaldehyde) added to the reconstituted milk replacer. From weaning at 21 days of age to 91 days of age all lambs were fed the same high-concentrate diet (corn grain, soybean meal, 8% ground hay plus minerals and vitamins; approx. 17% crude protein, as-fed). In the second experiment half the lambs from each milk replacer treatment were fed alfalfa hay free-choice postweaning in addition to the high-concentrate diet. Equal survival rates and absence of abomasal bloat on both milk replacer treatments showed that the addition of 0.10% formalin allows warm milk replacer to be safely fed ad libitum to lambs. Both intakes and gains were higher for lambs fed warm milk replacer than for cold. In the first experiment apparent compensatory postweaning growth nullified the weight advantage at weaning for lambs fed warm milk replacer, whereas in the second experiment the weight advantage at weaning was not overcome by the apparent compensatory growth. Feeding hay free-choice postweaning (amounted to 12.5% of the overall diet), in addition to the high-concentrate diet, improved lamb gains and slightly increased feed dry matter required per kilogram of gain, as would be expected as a result of the lower energy content of the overall diet. The results indicate that the addition of 0.10% formalin allows warm milk replacer to be safely fed ad libitum to lambs; that performance, including postweaning carryover effects will be equal to, or greater than that achieved with cold milk replacer; and that free-choice hay in addition to a high-concentrate diet postweaning has a beneficial effect on lamb performance. Key words: Lambs, artificial rearing, warm vs. cold milk replacer

scholarly journals Safety evaluation of α-galacto-oligosaccharides for use in infant formulas investigated in neonatal piglets

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 239784731772282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Kruger ◽  
Yuting Zhou ◽  
Bjorn A Thorsrud ◽  
Fanny Morel-Despeisse ◽  
Eric Chappuis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Milk Replacers

Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), comprising galactoses with a glucose or sucrose, is a family of nondigestible oligosaccharides. The present study evaluates the safety of an α-GOS product (P-GOS® P) in a neonatal piglet model for 3 weeks. Three days after birth, neonatal piglets were divided into control and treated groups and provided with swine milk replacers in the absence and presence of 8 mg/mL—of the α-GOS product, respectively. An increase in the weight of the large intestines in treated males was noted, which is a common finding in studies of animals fed nondigestible oligosaccharides. There were no α-GOS product-related adverse effects in the piglets in terms of clinical signs, body weights, feed consumption, clinical chemistry, hematology, organ weights, or histopathology. The study demonstrated that formula supplemented with 8 mg/mL of P-GOS P is safe and well tolerated in neonatal piglets and supports the safe use of P-GOS P in infant formulas.

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