Effect of accommodating sucking and nosing on the behaviour of artificially reared piglets

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Widowski ◽  
Y Yuan ◽  
J M Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Laboratory Facility ◽  
Belly Nosing ◽  
Over Time

Neonatal piglets are often used in biomedical research applications that require artificial rearing. Social housing can be problematic because the piglets develop belly nosing, navel and ear sucking that can result in injury. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of using feeding devices that provide various opportunities for sucking and nosing behaviour on reducing piglet-directed behaviour of group-housed laboratory piglets. Fifteen piglets were used in each of four trials. The piglets nursed their dam for approximately 72 h to obtain passive immunity before transfer to a laboratory facility where they were allotted, five per group, to one of three stainless steel isolator units. Each unit featured a different style of feeding system for the delivery of milk replacer: a plastic trough (T), a nipple (N) mounted on a smooth plexiglass wall, or a nipple mounted on a pliant bag of sterile water (artificial udder [AU]). Each system had five feeding spaces so that all piglets fed simultaneously. Milk was provided at 6-h intervals, and behaviour was recorded on alternate days for 12 days post-weaning. Although trough-fed piglets began to eat much sooner than those piglets fed from nipples, time spent nosing, chewing or sucking on pen-mates and belly nosing were markedly higher in T piglets than in either N or AU, overall (mean: P <0.05) and over time (quadratic: P <0.05). Over time, N piglets developed a stereotypic snout rubbing on the wall behind the nipples, while AU piglets massaged and often fell asleep in contact with the udder from day 2 of the trial. Resting patterns were also affected. N and AU piglets settled down to rest more quickly (P <0.01) and spent significantly more time resting in the hour following feeding than T piglets (P <0.05). A feeding device that accommodates both sucking and massage can significantly reduce piglet-directed behaviour and may facilitate social housing of artificially reared piglets.

PRACTICAL ARTIFICIAL REARING OF NEONATAL PIGLETS UNDER NON-ISOLATED CONDITIONS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. ELLIOT ◽  
G. A. LODGE ◽  
THOMAS G. HARTSOCK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Better Than

One hundred and sixty-five piglets, weaned between 8 and 12 h postpartum were reared in non-isolated environments at two locations and fed a milk replacer supplemented with serum-derived porcine immunoglobin. Survival and growth rate of the piglets was as good as or better than that commonly observed among sow-reared piglets.

AN AUTOMATED NIPPLE FEEDING SYSTEM FOR ARTIFICIALLY REARING COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED NEONATAL PIGLETS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. McCALLUM ◽  
B. D. OWEN ◽  
M. J. FARMER
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Milk Replacers

An automatic feeding nipple device for the artificial rearing of newborn pigs is described. The 16-piglet unit dispenses individual pre-set volumes of liquid diet at pre-set time intervals into reservoirs which are connected to a nipple positioned in each animal compartment. The automatic feeding nipple device proved effective and reliable in the dispensing of experimental diets employed in studies on the efficacy of immunoglobulin-fortified milk replacers for newborn colostrum-deprived pigs.

POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVES TO LAMB MILK REPLACER FOR THE ARTIFICIAL REARING OF LAMBS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
General Appearance

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative performance of artificially reared lambs fed four types of liquid diets: (1) lamb milk replacer (LMR) with 24% protein from spray-dried milk products and 24% fat in the dry powder; (2) high quality calf milk replacer (CMR) with 20% protein from spray-dried milk products and 20% fat; (3) fresh cow milk (CM); or (4) equal proportions of LMR and CM (LMR:CM). Average daily gains of lambs fed CMR or CM were lower by 16% and 12%, respectively, and weaning weights were lower by 10% and 5%, respectively, than those of lambs fed LMR. Gains and weaning weights of lambs fed LMR:CM were identical to those fed LMR. Lamb survival was marginally lower among CMR- and CM-fed lambs compared with those fed LMR. There were no observable differences among any of the feeding regimens in the general appearance, thriftiness or well-being of the lambs. The results indicate that, with good management, satisfactory lamb performance under artificial rearing can be achieved with high quality CMR or CM and that under practical conditions lower feed costs could offset the marginal reduction in lamb performance. Key words: Lambs, artificial rearing

INHERITANCE OF WEIGHTS OF LAMBS REARED ARTIFICIALLY OR WITH THEIR DAMS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
H. F. PETERS ◽  
D. P. HEANEY
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Age Estimates

This study involved 250 lambs reared artificially with milk replacer and solid diet from 2 to 70 days and 316 lambs creep-fed solid diet and reared with their dams from birth to 70 days. Thereafter, all lambs were retained on solid diet to 140 days of age. Heritability estimates for weights of lambs reared artificially tended to be larger than the corresponding estimates for lambs reared with their dams (P > 0.05). Phenotypic variances of lambs reared with their dams were larger at birth and at 35 days, whereas lambs reared artificially had larger phenotypic variances at 70 and 140 days of age. Estimates of genetic correlation between half-sib family means of lambs reared artificially with corresponding half-sibs reared with their dams ranged from 0.15 to 0.91, suggesting the absence of sire × rearing system interaction. We conclude that greater genetic response to selection for lamb weights at various ages could be achieved from direct selection among lambs reared artificially compared to those reared with their dams. However, in the absence of artificial rearing, prospective breeding stock reared with their dams should be tested for postweaning performance to permit full expression of transmitted sire differences. Key words: Sheep, lamb rearing, heritability estimates, genetic correlation

Artificial rearing of piglets: the administration of two sources of immunoglobulins after birth

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Varley ◽  
Alison Maitland ◽  
Alison Towle
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Large White ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Immunoglobulin Class ◽  
Daily Gain

ABSTRACTSixty Landrace × Large White piglets were removed from their mothers at birth and allocated to one of five treatments. Treatment A piglets were controls and did not receive any form of passive immunity after birth. Treatment B piglets were given by intraperitoneal injection 20 ml equine serum derived from horses previously hyperimmunized against porcine pathogens. Treatment C piglets received the same equine serum given orally. Treatment D piglets were given 20 ml pooled pig plasma by intraperitoneal injection. Treatment E piglets received the same pig plasma given orally. All piglets were reared to 2 weeks of age in an artificial-rearing device and were automatically fed a liquid diet every hour. Overall survival to 2 weeks of age was 90% (54/60) but treatment did not affect survival. The overall survival after 6 weeks of age was 47% (22/47) deaths being due to a variety of systemic disorders. Overall daily gain to 2 weeks of age was 143 g/day and the food/gain ratio was 0·88. Treatment did not affect performance. The concentrations of immunoglobulin class G (IgG) in the blood were measured at 42, 49 and 56 days of age. There were no differences between the treatment groups in IgG concentrations.

Stability of Intravenous Famotidine Stored in Polyvinyl Chloride Syringes

DICP ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 588-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda S. Bullock ◽  
Joseph F. Fitzgerald ◽  
Helen I. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Over Time

The stability of intravenous famotidine in dextrose 5% injection (D5W), NaCl 0.9% injection (NS), and sterile water for injection stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) syringes at 4°C for 14 days was studied. The concentration of famotidine samples was determined at time 0, 7 days, and 14 days by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Samples were inspected for visual changes and tested for changes in pH. Results of the HPLC analysis indicated that the famotidine samples remained within 94-100 percent and 99-103 percent of the time 0 concentrations at 7 and 14 days, respectively. Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated a significant time effect on famotidine concentration as concentrations changed over time (p<0.01). This change was small in magnitude, however, and concentrations decreased at 7 days and increased at 14 days. Famotidine is stable at a concentration of 2 mg/mL in D5W, NS, and sterile water for injection stored in PVC syringes at 4°C for 14 days.

Milk substitute intake of artificially reared lambs during the first days of life as affected by time of removal from the dam and frequency of feeding

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bryant ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Milk Intake ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Milk Substitute

SUMMARYForty-eight Suffolk × Clun lambs were used in an experiment to investigate the effects of two times of removal from the dam and two feeding frequencies upon milk intake over the first 4 days on an artificial rearing system.Lambs removed at birth consumed significantly more milk replacer at feeding periods up to 32 hr after removal than lambs removed at 24 hr after birth. Removal at birth also significantly increased voluntary milk intake between feeding periods for up to 32 hr and from 64 to 80 hr after removal.Feeding the lambs during a 16-hr period in a 4, 4, 8 hr sequence instead of 8, 8 hr intervals significantly improved milk intake at feeding periods.

scholarly journals Effects of Nursing Frequency on Utilization of an Automatic Milk Replacer Feeding System in Japanese Black Calves

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki TANIMOTO ◽  
Keiko TERAI ◽  
Mizuno HADA ◽  
Atsushi TANIMURA ◽  
Kouichi TSURUTA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feeding System

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maximum Daily Amount Milk Replacer on Automatic Milk Replacer Feeding System Nursing Program in Identical Twins of Japanese Black Calves

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki TANIMOTO ◽  
Mizuno HADA ◽  
Atsushi TANIMURA ◽  
Michie ITO ◽  
Machi NARITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Program ◽  
Identical Twins ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Daily Amount

scholarly journals Evaluation of 6′-Sialyllactose Sodium Salt Supplementation to Formula on Growth and Clinical Parameters in Neonatal Piglets

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia H. Monaco ◽  
Dae Hee Kim ◽  
Rit B. Gurung ◽  
Sharon M. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Dose Dependent

Oligosaccharides are complex, non-digestible glycans found in large abundance in human milk. The abundance and the profile of bovine milk oligosaccharides and bovine milk based in infant formula differ from those in human milk. Recently, some human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been supplemented to infant formula, however, not all forms have been available in large scale. The objective of the study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of an enzymatically-synthesized 6′-sialyllactose (6′-SL) sodium salt supplemented to swine milk replacer on growth, hematological parameters, and organ microscopic assessment in our pre-clinical neonatal pig model. Two-day-old male and female pigs (n = 47) were provided one of four experimental diets for 21 days. Diets were formulated to contain 0 (CON), 300 (LOW), 600 (MOD), or 1200 (HIGH) mg/L of 6′-SL sodium salt. On days 8 and 22, samples were collected for hematological and histological analyses. Supplemental 6′-SL sodium salt at all doses supported growth and development comparable to those observed in control animals. In addition, serum chemistries, hematology, and organ microscopic structure were unaffected by 6′-SL (p > 0.05). Thus, addition of enzymatically-synthesized 6′-SL to a milk replacer formula supported growth and clinical outcomes similar to the control formula in the neonatal piglet.

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