CIRCULATING ESTROGEN LEVELS IN THE RAM: INFLUENCE OF SEASON AND MATING, AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AND MATING FREQUENCY

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. SANFORD ◽  
S. SIMARAKS ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
B. E. HOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Mating Frequency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mating Activity ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Estrogen Concentration ◽  
Mean Concentration

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between circulating estrogen and testosterone levels in the adult ram. Experiment 1 involved assessing the mean concentration of these hormones in blood collected from eight rams during 8-h periods of both sexual inactivity and mating with estrus-induced ewes prior to and during the fall breeding season (early August, mid-September, early November and mid-December). Rams were bled at 20-min intervals by venipuncture of the jugular vein during all periods. Serum estrogen concentration increased approximately 40% to an average (± SE) of 11.2 ± 0.8 pg/mL between August and November, and in direct relation to testosterone concentration (r = 0.88); estrogen values were generally less than 0.2% of testosterone values. Mating activity was associated with increments in circulating estrogen in September only, while testosterone levels increased in both August and September. Frequency of mating (ejaculation) was highly and positively correlated with serum estrogen concentration among rams in August (r = 0.86) and within rams across months (r = 0.78). In exp. 2, the relationship between hour-to-hour fluctuations in estrogen and testosterone levels was examined for six rams in early winter. Rams were bled as in exp. 1 for 7 h, and two of the rams were given frequent intravenous injections of NIH-LH-S14 following the first 2 h of bleeding. Short-term variations in serum estrogen concentration were not consistently related to those in testosterone. Key words: Estrogen, season, mating, ram, testosterone, circulation

Evaluation of the Efficacy of ST2 and NT-proBNP in the Diagnosis and Prediction of Short- Term Prognosis in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivananda B Nayak ◽  
Dharindra Sawh ◽  
Brandon Scott ◽  
Vestra Sears ◽  
Kareshma Seebalack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: i) To determine the relationship between the cardiac biomarkers ST2 and NT-proBNP with ejection fraction (EF) in heart failure (HF) patients. ii) Assess whether a superiority existed between the aforementioned cardiac markers in diagnosing the HF with reduced EF. iii) Determine the efficacy of both biomarkers in predicting a 30-day cardiovascular event and rehospitalization in patients with HF with reduced EF iv) To assess the influence of age, gender, BMI, anaemia and renal failure on the ST2 and NT-proBNP levels. Design and Methods: A prospective double-blind study was conducted to obtain data from a sample of 64 cardiology patients. A blood sample was collected to test for ST2 and NT-proBNP. An echocardiogram (to obtain EF value), electrocardiogram and questionnaire were also obtained. Results: Of the 64 patients enrolled, 59.4% of the population had an EF less than 40%. At the end of the 30- day period, 7 patients were warded, 37 were not warded, one died and 17 were non respondent. Both biomarkers were efficacious at diagnosing HF with a reduced EF. However, neither of them were efficacious in predicting 30-day rehospitalization. The mean NT-proBNP values being: not rehospitalized (2114.7486) and 30 day rehospitalization (1008.42860) and the mean ST2 values being: not rehospitalized (336.1975), and 30-day rehospitalization. (281.9657). Conclusion: Neither ST2 or NT-proBNP was efficacious in predicting the short- term prognosis in HF with reduced EF. Both however were successful at confirming the diagnosis of HF in HF patients with reduced EF.

scholarly journals The Serum High-Sensitive C Reactive Protein and Homocysteine Levels to Evaluate the Prognosis of Acute Ischemic Stroke

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahir Yoldas ◽  
Murat Gonen ◽  
Ahmet Godekmerdan ◽  
Fulya Ilhan ◽  
Ednan Bayram
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Ischemic stroke is one of the most common causes of death worldwide and is most often caused by thrombotic processes. We investigated the changes in hsCRP and homocysteine levels, two of these risk factors, during the acute period of ischemic stroke and evaluated the relationship between these levels and the short-term prognosis. HsCRP and homocysteine levels were measured at the 2nd, 5th, and 10th days in forty patients admitted within second of an ischemic stroke. The clinical status of the patients was simultaneously evaluated with the Scandinavian stroke scale. The results were compared with 40 healthy control subjects whose age and sex were matched with the patients. The mean hsCRP levels of the patients were9.4±7.0mg/L on the 2nd day,11.0±7.4mg/L on the 5th day, and9.2±7.0mg/L on the 10th day. The mean hsCRP level of the control subjects was1.7±2.9mg/L. The mean hsCRP levels of the patients on the 2nd, 5th, and 10th days were significantly higher than the control subjects (P<.001). The patients' mean homocysteine levels were40.6±9.6μmol/L on the 2nd day,21.7±11.1μmol/L on the 5th day, and20.7±9.2μmol/L on the 10th day. The mean homocysteine level of the control subjects was11.2±1.1μmol/L. The homocysteine levels of the patients were higher than the control subjects at all times (P<.01). In conclusion, patients with stroke have a higher circulating serum hsCRP and homocysteine levels. Short-term unfavorable prognosis seems to be associated with elevated serum hsCRP levels in patients with stroke. Although serum homocysteine was found to be higher, homocysteine seems not related to prog nosis.

Bicarbonate transport by isolated perfused rabbit proximal convoluted tubules

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. F307-F314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Burg ◽  
N. Green
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Bicarbonate Transport ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tubule Cells ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Proximal convoluted tubules were dissected from rabbit kidneys and perfused in vitro in order to investigate the relationship between the reabsorption of fluid and of bicarbonate. Bicarbonate was absorbed when it was initially present in the perfusate. At slow rates of perfusion the mean concentration of total CO2 was 9 mM in collected fluid with 25 mM bicarbonate in the bath. At faster rates of perfusion the mean rate of reabsorption was 13.6 pmol cm-1 tubule length s-1. Absorption of bicarbonate was inhibited to a large but not complete extent by elimination of sodium from the perfusate and bath or potassium from the bath, and by addition of ouabain. It was not inhibited by elimination of the organic solutes from the perfusate nor by elimination of chloride from the perfusate and bath. Considered with previous measurements of fluid absorption these results are consistent with the existence of a linked sodium-for-hydrogen ion exchange mechanism at the luminal border of the tubule cells, but there are other possibilities which are discussed. Additionally, the effect of acetazolamide was investigated. The drug virtually completely inhibited bicarbonate absorption and inhibited fluid absorption by 30-40%.

PLASMA TESTOSTERONE IN KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME: DIURNAL VARIATION AND RESPONSE TO ACTH AND DEXAMETHASONE

1975 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. H. Smals ◽  
P. W. C. Kloppenborg ◽  
T. J. Benraad
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Testosterone Level ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT The mean basal plasma testosterone level in 28 patients with chromatin positive Klinefelter's syndrome was significantly lower than in 58 healthy male controls. In 12 of the patients the hormone levels were in the normal range. In both the eugonadal males and the Klinefelter patients the plasma testosterone levels spontaneously decreased throughout the day, the relative decrease in both groups being of the same order of magnitude. Short term ACTH infusion and the administration of dexamethasone did not significantly influence the plasma testosterone concentration in the Klinefelter patients. These findings do not support the view that the adrenal cortex plays a major role in contributing to the circulating plasma testosterone levels in this syndrome.

Decline of Native Unionid Bivalves in Lake St. Clair After Infestation by the Zebra Mussel, Dreissena polymorpha

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 2227-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Nalepa
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

To determine impacts of the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, on bivalves in Lake St. Clair, densities of Unionidae in 1990 and 1992 (after D. polymorpha invasion) were compared with densities in 1986 (before D. polymorpha). Declines in density occurred mainly at sites in the southeastern portion of the lake where unionids were highly infested with D. polymorpha. Unionid densities at highly infested sites declined from 2.4/m2 in 1986, to 1.8/m2 in 1990, and to 0/m2 in 1992. Unionid species with light-weight shells that brood larvae over an extended period declined more between 1986 and 1990 than heavy-shelled, short-term brooders. Unionid densities at lightly infested sites located mainly in the northwestern portion of the lake did not decline: mean densities were 1.4/m2 in 1986, 1.6/m2 in 1990, and 1.4/m2 in 1992. While the mean number of D. polymorpha per unionid was <1 at these lightly infested sites in 1990, it increased to 35 by 1992. Given this relatively slow increase in D. polymorpha per unionid in this portion of the lake, continued monitoring of populations should provide a better understanding of the relationship between the extent of infestations and unionid mortality.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and behavioral effects of intravenous lidocaine in healthy, conscious horses and evaluation of the relationship with lidocaine and monoethylglycinexylidide serum concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
A. Salciccia ◽  
M. Lopez Arevalo ◽  
A. Maes ◽  
S. Croubels ◽  
V. Busoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Intravenous Lidocaine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Lidocaine Concentration ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Rate Infusion

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the serum concentrations of lidocaine/ monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX) and their effects on several systems in horses. Five healthy, conscious horses received a two-hour placebo intravenous infusion followed by a two-hour lidocaine infusion (bolus of 1.3 mg/kg over ten minutes followed by a continuous rate infusion of 0.05 mg/kg/min). Lidocaine and MEGX serum concentrations were sampled every ten to fifteen minutes during the experiment, and the presence of muscle fasciculations and loss of balance as well as the respiratory, digestive and cardiovascular systems of the five horses were evaluated by means of different non-invasive methods. During the lidocaine infusion, the mean (± SD) lidocaine and MEGX concentrations were respectively 768.88 ± 93.32ng/ml and 163.08 ± 108.98 ng/ml. The infusion of lidocaine significantly influenced the presence of fasciculations, caused a statistically but non-clinically significant decrease of systolic and diastolic blood pressures, which were both correlated with lidocaine and MEGX serum concentrations, and it increased the duodenal contractions frequency, which was correlated with the serum lidocaine concentration. In this study, mild hypotensive and prokinetic effects of short-term lidocaine infusion were observed.

scholarly journals Effect of Inhibin-B hormone and its relationship with a number of sex hormones in men with Azoospermia

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Alaa Abdullah ali ◽  
Hadeel Abdulhadi Omear1 ◽  
Mazin Anwar alobaydi2
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Inhibin B ◽  
Negative Feedback Mechanism ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Follicular Stimulation ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mean Concentration

Inhibin-B is produced by sertoli cells and acts as a negative feedback mechanism of follicular stimulation hormone (FSH). In order to evaluate the effect of Inhibin-B in men with Azoospermia, the study measured the concentrations of the following hormones: Inhibin-B, FSH, Luteinizing Hormone Prolactin (PRL), (LH) and Testosterone (Testo). Serum for 30 normal men semen and 50 men with Azoespermia (zero sperm count in sperm). The mean concentration of the hormone Inhibin-B in patients with Azoospermia was (135.7 ±87.6) pg/ml, while in normal men (175.6 ±47.9) Pg / ml with a significant value of the group of healthy patients at a significant level (p≤0.01). The mean serum FSH concentration in patients was (13.7 ± 12.27) lU / L whereas in normal men (4.1 ± 2.84) lU / L, the relationship was significant between patients and healthy at a significant level (P≤0.01) the correlation with the Inhibin-B  hormone is reversible relationship. The mean concentration of LH in patients was (12.8±11.87) IU/L and in the healthy (7.9±5.57) IU/L and the relationship between them was significant  (P≤0.05) and the correlation with the Inhibin-B hormone is positive relationship. The mean concentration of the  Testosterone In the patients was  (2.37 ± 1.22) IU / L and in the healthy (5.1 ± 1.96) IU/ L, the relationship was of significant value at P≤0.01 and the correlation with the Inhibin-B hormone is positive relationship, and there is a difference in the mean concentration of PRL between the patients and the healthy where it reaches (8.88 ±5.16) IU / L in patients and (8.03 ± 4.2) IU / L in the healthy. where the relationship was non-significant value between both patients and healthy and the correlation with the Inhibin-B hormone is positive relationship .   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.042

INFLUENCE OF AGE AND BREED ON CIRCULATING LH, FSH AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN THE RAM

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. SANFORD ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
B. E. HOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Serum Hormone ◽  
Key Words Age ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Circulating Levels

Possible age and breed differences in circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone in the ram were investigated. In exp. 1, blood was collected from a group of 28 rams of various ages and breeds by venepuncture from the jugular vein at 20-min intervals for an 8-h period (May). Comparison of mean serum hormone concentrations for postpubertal Finnish Landrace (Finn), Suffolk and Managra Synthetic (Line M) rams did not reveal significant (P > 0.10) breed differences. However, when rams of the three breeds were categorized by age, the mean (±SE) LH levels in lambs (n = 8), yearling (n = 12) and adult (n = 8) animals were 2.1 ± 0.4, 1.1 ± 0.2 and 0.5 ± 0.1 ng/mL, respectively; the significant decrease (P < 0.05) in LH levels in adult vs. yearling rams was due to fewer and smaller LH releases. Mean testosterone levels averaged 1.3 ± 0.2, 2.8 ± 0.4 and 2.4 ± 0.3 ng/mL for the lamb, yearling and adult ram groups, respectively. FSH levels were similar for all age groups. In exp. 2, a series of blood samples were collected from 3-mo-old Finn (n = 6) and Suffolk/Line-M crossbred (n = 6) rams in October. In comparison with crossbred rams, rams of the more prolific Finn breed exhibited substantially higher mean levels of LH (1.0 ± 0.2 vs. 0.4 ± 0.2 ng/mL; P < 0.10), FSH (250 ± 26 vs. 121 ± 16 ng/mL; P < 0.01) and testosterone (2.8 ± 0.9 vs. 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/mL; P < 0.05); higher LH and testosterone in Finn rams were associated with larger and/or more frequent elevations in the level of these hormones during the 8-h bleeding period. Results of this study seem to indicate (1) age-associated differences in the pattern of LH release in adult rams in the spring; and (2) that breed differences in blood reproductive hormone levels in postpubertal rams are not significant in the spring, but levels in 3-mo-old rams differ during the fall months according to genotype. Key words: Age, breed, gonadotropins, testosterone, serum, ram

BLOOD LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE IN THE EWE

1958 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. EDGAR ◽  
J. W. RONALDSON
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Active Ovary ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

SUMMARY Progesterone levels in the blood of ewes were assayed chemically. No progesterone was detected in blood from the jugular vein of any ewe. It was found in blood from the vein draining the active ovary during the oestrous cycle. Detectable amounts appeared on the 3rd day, and the mean concentration increased to about 1·8 μg/ml. on the 7th day. This level was maintained until the 16th day and fell to <0·15 μg/ml. on the 17th or last day of the cycle. Blood from the vein draining the active ovary during pregnancy showed a mean level similar to that reached during the oestrous cycle until about the 17th week when it gradually fell to, and remained at, <0·15 μg/ml. a few days before parturition. In blood from the vein draining the pregnant horn of the uterus, progesterone was detected in low concentrations between the 9th and 18th weeks of pregnancy in only six out of 143 cases. Considerable variation between ewes in progesterone concentration was found.

The effect of flow variability on the river meandering dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bassani ◽  
Matteo Bernard Bertagni ◽  
Luca Ridolfi ◽  
Carlo Camporeale
Keyword(s):  
Compound Poisson Process ◽  
River Morphology ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Meandering River ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Meander Evolution ◽  
River Meandering ◽  
The Relationship

&lt;p&gt;The dynamics of a meandering river has been widely investigated by the scientific community. However, the effects of discharge variability on the meander evolution is still an open question. In this work, we present numerical simulations of the short-term evolution of a plane river morphology (the Ikeda, Parker and Sawai model is used to describe the stream hydrodynamics) forced by a stochastic flow discharge (simulated by a compound Poisson process). The comparison of the simulation outcomes with those obtained for the same river under a constant discharge (equal to the mean of the stochastic process) shows interesting results. The discharge variability slows down both the formation of the meanders and the occurrence of the cutoff events, and induces lower meander curvilinear wavelengths and excess bank velocities. A theoretical analysis of the relationship between the channel erosion rate and the river discharge for the Kinoshita curve confirms the obtained numerical results.&lt;/p&gt;

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